Research & Literature

Addisonian Crisis after Missed Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Hypopituitarism.

Streetz-van der Werf C, Karges W, Blaum M, Kreitschmann-Andermahr I

Journal of clinical medicine 2015; (4(5)):965-9 doi:10.3390/jcm4050965.

Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome from Infancy to Adulthood: Clinical, Hormonal, and Radiological Assessment According to the Initial Presentation.

Bar C, Zadro C, Diene G, et al.

PloS one 2015; (10(11)):e0142354 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142354.

TRENDS IN GROWTH HORMONE STIMULATION TESTING AND GROWTH HORMONE DOSING IN ADULT GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE ANSWER PROGRAM.

Gordon MB, Levy RA, Gut R, Germak J

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2016; (22(4)):396-405 doi:10.4158/EP14603.OR.

Development of additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in pediatric patients originally diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency due to organic causes.

Child CJ, Blum WF, Deal C, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2016; (174(5)):669-79 doi:10.1530/EJE-15-1203.

HESX1 mutations in patients with congenital hypopituitarism: variable phenotypes with the same genotype.

Fang Q, Benedetti AF, Ma Q, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2016; (85(3)):408-14 doi:10.1111/cen.13067.

A Novel Mutation in OTX2 Causes Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Bilateral Microphthalmia, and Agenesis of the Left Internal Carotid Artery.

Shimada A, Takagi M, Nagashima Y, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2016; (86(1)):62-9 doi:10.1159/000446280.

Abdominal Distension and Vascular Collapse.

Cosentino G, Uwaifo GI

Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association 2016; (57(4)):113-5.

Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1.

Nicholls AR, Holt RI

Frontiers of hormone research 2016; (47()):101-14 doi:10.1159/000445173.

Hypopituitarism in children with cerebral palsy.

Uday S, Shaw N, Krone R, Kirk J

Archives of disease in childhood 2017; (102(6)):559-561 doi:10.1136/archdischild-2016-311012.

Classical and non-classical causes of GH deficiency in the paediatric age.

Di Iorgi N, Morana G, Allegri AE, et al.

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2016; (30(6)):705-736 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2016.11.008.

Conduct protocol in emergency: Acute adrenal insufficiency.

Fares AB, Santos RA

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2016; (62(8)):728-734 doi:10.1590/1806-9282.62.08.728.

Growth without growth hormone in combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

Lee SS, Han AL, Ahn MB, et al.

Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism 2017; (22(1)):55-59 doi:10.6065/apem.2017.22.1.55.

Septo-optic dysplasia plus diagnosed in adulthood.

Infante-Valenzuela A, Camara-Lemarroy CR, Reyes-Mondragon AL, et al.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2017; (38(9)):1705-1707 doi:10.1007/s10072-017-2985-7.

Pituitary Hypoplasia.

Gangat M, Radovick S

Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2017; (46(2)):247-257 doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2017.01.003.

Clinical and laboratory parameters predicting a requirement for the reevaluation of growth hormone status during growth hormone treatment: Retesting early in the course of GH treatment.

Vuralli D, Gonc EN, Ozon ZA, et al.

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2017; (34()):31-37 doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2017.05.003.

Molecular analysis of brazilian patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency and orthotopic posterior pituitary lobe reveals eight different PROP1 alterations with three novel mutations.

Madeira JL, Nishi MY, Nakaguma M, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2017; (87(6)):725-732 doi:10.1111/cen.13430.

Progression from isolated growth hormone deficiency to combined pituitary hormone deficiency.

Cerbone M, Dattani MT

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2017; (37()):19-25 doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2017.10.005.

A newborn with combined pituitary hormone deficiency developing shock and sludge.

Ueda Y, Aoyagi H, Tajima T

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2017; (30(12)):1333-1336.

Pituitary imaging in 129 children with growth hormone deficiency: A spectrum of findings.

AlJurayyan RNA, AlJurayyan NAM, Omer HG, et al.

Sudanese journal of paediatrics 2017; (17(1)):30-35.

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: From Suspecting to Diagnosing.

Vyas V, Kumar A, Jain V

Indian pediatrics 2017; (54(11)):955-960 doi:10.1007/s13312-017-1190-3.

Successful Pregnancies After Adequate Hormonal Replacement in Patients With Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies.

Correa FA, Bianchi PHM, Franca MM, et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2017; (1(10)):1322-1330 doi:10.1210/js.2017-00005.

The Missing Link: A Case of Absent Pituitary Infundibulum and Ectopic Neurohypophysis in a Pediatric Patient with Heterotaxy Syndrome.

Omer A, Haddad D, Pisinski L, Krauthamer AV

Journal of radiology case reports 2017; (11(9)):28-34 doi:10.3941/jrcr.v11i9.3046.

TSH and FT4 Concentrations in Congenital Central Hypothyroidism and Mild Congenital Thyroidal Hypothyroidism.

Zwaveling-Soonawala N, van Trotsenburg ASP, Verkerk PH

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2018; (103(4)):1342-1348 doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01577.

Congenital Hypopituitarism.

Parks JS

Clinics in perinatology 2018; (45(1)):75-91 doi:10.1016/j.clp.2017.11.001.

Incidence and Characteristics of Adrenal Crisis in Children Younger than 7 Years with 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: A Nationwide Survey in Japan.

Ishii T, Adachi M, Takasawa K, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2018; (89(3)):166-171 doi:10.1159/000486393.

Neonatal Hypopituitarism: Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment

Kurtoğlu S, Özdemir A, Hatipoğlu N

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2019; (11(1)):4-12 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0036.

Reduced Hepatocellular Expression of Canalicular Transport Proteins in Infants with Neonatal Cholestasis and Congenital Hypopituitarism.

Grammatikopoulos T, Deheragoda M, Strautnieks S, et al.

The Journal of pediatrics 2018; (200()):181-187 doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.009.

Rapidly progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to hypopituitarism. Report of 5 cases.

Yang Y, Qi ZR, Zhang TT, et al.

Neuro endocrinology letters 2018; (39(2)):99-104.

Screening a large pediatric cohort with GH deficiency for mutations in genes regulating pituitary development and GH secretion: Frequencies, phenotypes and growth outcomes.

Blum WF, Klammt J, Amselem S, et al.

EBioMedicine 2018; (36()):390-400 doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.026.

Subclinical hypothyroidism or central hypothyroidism-The danger of thyroid function misinterpretation.

Anyiam O, Cheung B, Al-Sabbagh S

Clinical case reports 2018; (6(10)):1953-1957 doi:10.1002/ccr3.1694.

A homozygous splice site ROBO1 mutation in a patient with a novel syndrome with combined pituitary hormone deficiency.

Dateki S, Watanabe S, Mishima H, et al.

Journal of human genetics 2019; (64(4)):341-346 doi:10.1038/s10038-019-0566-8.

Identification of a Novel PROP1 Mutation in a Patient with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Enlarged Pituitary.

Penta L, Bizzarri C, Panichi M, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2019; (20(8)) doi:10.3390/ijms20081875.

Daily adjustment of glucocorticoids by patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Schöfl C, Mayr B, Maison N, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2019; (91(2)):256-262 doi:10.1111/cen.14004.

Severe, persistent neonatal hypoglycemia as a presenting feature in patients with congenital hypopituitarism: a review of our case series.

Mehta S, Brar PC

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2019; (32(7)):767-774.

Pituitary Transcription Factor Mutations Leading to Hypopituitarism.

Gergics P

Experientia supplementum (2012) 2019; (111()):263-298 doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25905-1_13.

Perioperative management in a patient with panhypopituitarism - evidence based approach: a case report.

Raut MS, Kar S, Maheshwari A, et al.

European heart journal. Case reports 2019; (3(3)):ytz145 doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytz145.

Delayed diagnosis of congenital hypopituitarism associated with low socio-economic status and/or migration.

Boros E, Casimir M, Heinrichs C, Brachet C

European journal of pediatrics 2020; (179(1)):151-155 doi:10.1007/s00431-019-03489-3.

Distinguishing between post-trauma pituitary stalk disruption and genetic pituitary stalk interruption syndrome - case presentation and literature overview.

Ruszała A, Wójcik M, Krystynowicz A, Starzyk J

Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism 2019; (25(3)):155-162 doi:10.5114/pedm.2019.87708.

Management of Hypopituitarism.

Alexandraki KI, Grossman A

Journal of clinical medicine 2019; (8(12)) doi:10.3390/jcm8122153.

Septo-optic dysplasia with amniotic band syndrome sequence: a case report.

Amiji IA, Mohamed UH, Rutashobya AG, et al.

Journal of medical case reports 2019; (13(1)):370 doi:10.1186/s13256-019-2306-2.

Mutations Within the Transcription Factor PROP1 in a Cohort of Turkish Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency

Bulut FD, Özdemir Dilek S, Kotan D, et al.

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2020; (12(3)):261-268 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2019.0191.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM CHANGES IN ADDISON DISEASE: POTENTIAL CLINICAL MARKER FOR ADRENAL CRISIS.

Perez PE, Sze W, Miller J

AACE clinical case reports 2019; (5(5)):e307-e310 doi:10.4158/ACCR-2019-0239.

Endocrine morbidity in midline brain defects: Differences between septo-optic dysplasia and related disorders.

Cerbone M, Güemes M, Wade A, et al.

EClinicalMedicine 2020; (19()):100224 doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.017.

Missing Pituitary Stalk: A Key to the Diagnosis.

Iranpour P, Haseli S

Iranian journal of medical sciences 2020; (45(3)):224-225 doi:10.30476/ijms.2020.82182.1005.

SEMA3A and IGSF10 Are Novel Contributors to Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (CPHD).

Budny B, Zemojtel T, Kaluzna M, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2020; (11()):368 doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00368.

[Clinical and genetic analysis of an infant with combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to POU1F1 gene variants].

Li Q, Li J, Chang G, et al.

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics 2020; (37(9)):1018-1020 doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20190921-00486.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of Dutch children with central congenital hypothyroidism, early detected by neonatal screening.

Naafs JC, Verkerk PH, Fliers E, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2020; (183(6)):627-636.

Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome.

Gardijan D, Pavlisa G, Galkowski V

Klinische Padiatrie 2021; (233(2)):83-87 doi:10.1055/a-1288-9888.

Prenatal diagnosis of isolated agenesis of the septum pellucidum with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Nemcsik-Bencze Z, Várbíró S, Rudas G, Nemcsik J

Orvosi hetilap 2020; (161(52)):2195-2200 doi:10.1556/650.2020.31912.

Perioperative glucocorticoid management based on current evidence.

Seo KH

Anesthesia and pain medicine 2021; (16(1)):8-15 doi:10.17085/apm.20089.

Adrenal insufficiency.

Husebye ES, Pearce SH, Krone NP, Kämpe O

Lancet (London, England) 2021; (397(10274)):613-629 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00136-7.

Septo-optic Dysplasia with Cerebellar Hemiagenesis.

Parry AH, Wani AH

Journal of pediatric neurosciences 2020; (15(3)):328-329 doi:10.4103/jpn.JPN_93_18.

Congenital Hypopituitarism During the Neonatal Period: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Options, and Outcome.

Bosch I Ara L, Katugampola H, Dattani MT

Frontiers in pediatrics 2020; (8()):600962 doi:10.3389/fped.2020.600962.

Adrenal insufficiency.

Hahner S, Ross RJ, Arlt W, et al.

Nature reviews. Disease primers 2021; (7(1)):19 doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00252-7.

Reducing adverse events associated with the glucagon stimulation test for the assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults with a high prevalence of pituitary hormone deficiencies.

Gogna R, Jung C, McLachlan K, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2021; (95(1)):125-133 doi:10.1111/cen.14464.

Lessons of the month: A challenging presentation of hypopituitarism secondary to an intracerebral aneurysm.

Mullarkey EM, Iyer A, Ihuoma A

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2021; (21(2)):e228-e230 doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-1017.

Occurrence of Hypopituitarism in Tunisian Turner Syndrome patients: familial versus sporadic cases.

Mnif-Feki M, Safi W, Bougacha-Elleuch N, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2021; (37(9)):848-852 doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1939298.

Management of panhypopituitarism during pregnancy: A case report.

van Zundert SKM, Krol CG, Spaan JJ

Case reports in women's health 2021; (32()):e00351 doi:10.1016/j.crwh.2021.e00351.

Diagnosis of GH Deficiency Without GH Stimulation Tests.

Ibba A, Loche S

Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; (13()):853290 doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.853290.

Overview of Congenital Hypopituitarism for the Neonatologist.

Bautista G

NeoReviews 2022; (23(5)):e300-e310 doi:10.1542/neo.23-5-e300.

Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing: To Test or Not to Test? That Is One of the Questions.

Yau M, Rapaport R

Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; (13()):902364 doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.902364.

Central adrenal insufficiency: who, when, and how? From the evidence to the controversies - an exploratory review.

Bitencourt MR, Batista RL, Biscotto I, Carvalho LR

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2022; (66(4)):541-550.

Presentation and diagnosis of childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiency: A single center experience from over 30 years.

Hietamäki J, Kärkinen J, Iivonen AP, et al.

EClinicalMedicine 2022; (51()):101556 doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101556.

Heterozygous variants in SIX3 and POU1F1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency in mouse and man.

Bando H, Brinkmeier ML, Castinetti F, et al.

Human molecular genetics 2023; (32(3)):367-385 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddac192.

Characteristics of paediatric hypopituitarism patients in Latvia: a single-centre 25-year retrospective study.

Kornete L, Grunte D, Zakis D

Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism 2022; (28(4)):287-293 doi:10.5114/pedm.2022.118320.

Case of Junctional Rhythm in the Setting of Acute Adrenal Insufficiency.

Patel P, Kelschenbach K

Cureus 2022; (14(8)):e27605 doi:10.7759/cureus.27605.

Normal or elevated prolactin is a good indicator to show pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency.

Eren E, Ongen YD, Ozgur T, et al.

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2022; (35(11)):1394-1400 doi:10.1515/jpem-2022-0366.

Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency including Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children with Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycemia-Case Reports and Review.

Smyczyńska J, Pawelak N, Hilczer M, Lewiński A

International journal of molecular sciences 2022; (23(19)) doi:10.3390/ijms231911069.

Novel genes and variants associated with congenital pituitary hormone deficiency in the era of next-generation sequencing.

Bando H, Urai S, Kanie K, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; (13()):1008306 doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1008306.

Novel compound heterozygous variants in the LHX3 gene caused combined pituitary hormone deficiency: A case report.

Lin SZ, Ma QJ, Pang QM, et al.

World journal of clinical cases 2022; (10(31)):11486-11492 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11486.

Comparison of glucagon stimulation test and low dose ACTH test in assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in children.

Yalovitsky G, Shaki D, Hershkovitz E, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2023; (98(5)):678-681 doi:10.1111/cen.14887.

Emergency and perioperative management of adrenal insufficiency in children and young people: British Society for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes consensus guidance.

Mushtaq T, Ali SR, Boulos N, et al.

Archives of disease in childhood 2023; (108(11)):871-878 doi:10.1136/archdischild-2022-325156.

Abnormal thyroid function: an unusual presentation of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome.

Steen EA, Patterson ME, Rivera-Vega M, Phillips SA

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2023; (2023(2)).

Dorsoventral splitting of the infundibulum in a child with pituitary hypoplasia.

Welby JP, Madhavan AA, Campeau NG, et al.

Radiology case reports 2023; (18(8)):2754-2757 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2023.05.038.

The clinical aspects of septo-optic dysplasia: A narrative review with illustrative case report.

Al-Salihi MM, Qassim T, Aji N, et al.

International journal of surgery case reports 2023; (109()):108575 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108575.

Clinical Characteristics of Children with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and the Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment.

Besci Ö, Sevim RD, Acinikli KY, et al.

Klinische Padiatrie 2025; (237(1)):11-20 doi:10.1055/a-2186-9304.

[Long-term follow-up data of patients with Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency].

Elvan-Tuz A, Bayramoglu E, Cetinkaya S

Andes pediatrica : revista Chilena de pediatria 2023; (94(6)):689-697 doi:10.32641/andespediatr.v94i6.4680.

Progress, challenges and perspectives in the management of hypopituitarism.

Boguszewski CL, Neggers S

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 2024; (25(3)):453-455 doi:10.1007/s11154-024-09889-7.

Clinical and genetic features of childhood-onset congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency: a retrospective, single-center cohort study.

Lee Y, Lee YA, Ko JM, et al.

Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism 2024; (29(6)):379-386 doi:10.6065/apem.2448008.004.

Two Cases of Late Diagnosis Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome and Literature Review.

Alkhalifa M, Alsalman Z, Al Elq A, et al.

International medical case reports journal 2025; (18()):345-354 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S507989.

Identification of POU1F1 Variants in Vietnamese Patients with Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency.

Nguyen HT, Nguyen KN, Dien TM, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2025; (26(6)) doi:10.3390/ijms26062406.

A Novel Missense Variant in LHX4 in Three Children with Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency Belonging to Two Unrelated Families and Contribution of Additional GLI2 and IGFR1 Variant.

Santoro C, Aiello F, Farina A, et al.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (12(3)) doi:10.3390/children12030364.

Hypopituitarism Accompanied with Delusion: The Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Yamagata S, Sato K, Tasso M, et al.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2026; (65(6)):846-851 doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.5932-25.

A case report of Culler-Jones syndrome with deafness carrying a novel mutation in GLI2 gene.

Yuan X, Chu S, Gu W

BMC pediatrics 2025; (25(1)):878 doi:10.1186/s12887-025-06135-0.

Management of hypopituitarism during pregnancy in patients with PROP1-related combined pituitary hormone deficiency: Review of the literature with a case report.

Pigni S, Marsan G, Caputo M, et al.

Pituitary 2025; (29(1)):7.