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PubMed This is a summary of 73 peer-reviewed journal articles Updated
Ophthalmology

The Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) Resource Guide

At a Glance

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO), also known as an "eye stroke," is a critical medical emergency causing sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. It requires immediate care at an emergency room or stroke center to try to save vision and prevent a cerebral stroke.

EMERGENCY WARNING: If you or a loved one are currently experiencing sudden, painless vision loss in one eye, CALL 911 or go immediately to the nearest Emergency Department or Comprehensive Stroke Center. Do not wait to see an optometrist or primary care doctor. Every minute counts.

Sudden vision loss is an alarming medical emergency, but understanding what is happening is the first step toward managing your care. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) is commonly referred to as an “eye stroke.” It occurs when the main artery supplying blood to your retina becomes blocked, starving the eye of oxygen and causing a sudden drop in vision.

This diagnosis can feel overwhelming, especially because the event happens rapidly and often involves specialists from both eye care and neurology. This resource guide was created to help you understand your condition, make sense of the tests you are receiving, and empower you to ask the right questions.

Navigate Your Guide

01

Understanding Your Eye Stroke: Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)

Learn about Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO), also known as an eye stroke. Understand the causes, treatments, and the critical time window for care.

02

Identifying the Problem: Symptoms and Diagnosis of CRAO

Learn about Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) symptoms and diagnosis. Understand the cherry-red spot, OCT tests, and why an eye stroke is an emergency.

03

Arteritic vs. Non-Arteritic: Finding the Cause of Your Eye Stroke

Learn the difference between Arteritic (A-CRAO) and Non-Arteritic (NA-CRAO) central retinal artery occlusions. Understand causes, symptoms, and treatments.

04

Emergency Response: Time-Sensitive Treatments for Eye Strokes

Learn about emergency treatments for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) eye strokes, including tPA thrombolysis, HBOT therapy, and critical time windows.

05

Beyond the Eye: The Comprehensive Stroke Workup After CRAO

Learn why a Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) requires an urgent stroke workup. Understand the essential tests needed to prevent future brain strokes.

06

The Path Forward: Long-Term Expectations and Monitoring for CRAO

Learn what to expect after a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Understand your visual prognosis, long-term monitoring schedule, and complication risks.

Common questions in this guide

What is a Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)?
A CRAO, often called an "eye stroke," occurs when the main artery that supplies blood to your retina becomes blocked. This blockage starves the eye of oxygen, leading to an immediate and sudden drop in your vision.
What are the symptoms of an eye stroke?
The primary symptom of an eye stroke is a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye. Because this condition occurs rapidly, it is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention.
What should I do if I have sudden, painless vision loss?
If you experience sudden vision loss, you must call 911 or go to the nearest Emergency Department or Comprehensive Stroke Center immediately. Do not wait to schedule an appointment with an optometrist or primary care doctor, as every minute is critical.
Why do I need a comprehensive stroke workup for an eye problem?
An eye stroke is a major warning sign that you are at high risk for a cerebral (brain) stroke. Because of this systemic connection, doctors must perform a comprehensive evaluation to protect your brain and your other eye.
Are there different types of CRAO?
Yes, there are two main subtypes: arteritic and non-arteritic. Knowing the crucial difference between these two types is vital because it determines the specific emergency treatments you will receive.

Questions to Ask Your Doctor

Curated prompts to bring to your next appointment.

  1. 1.Based on my symptoms, what type of CRAO do I likely have?
  2. 2.What immediate steps are we taking to protect my other eye and prevent a cerebral stroke?
  3. 3.Can you connect me with a stroke team for a comprehensive workup today?

Questions For You

Tap a prompt to share your answer — we'll use it plus this page's context to start a tailored conversation.

This guide provides informational resources about Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) and is not a substitute for medical advice. Sudden vision loss is an extreme medical emergency; call 911 or seek immediate emergency department care.

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