Research & Literature

Comprehensive overview: efficacy, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Faulkner MA

Therapeutics and clinical risk management 2015; (11()):905-14 doi:10.2147/TCRM.S55930.

Endoscopic-Assisted (Through a Mini Craniotomy) Corpus Callosotomy Combined With Anterior, Hippocampal, and Posterior Commissurotomy in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Pilot Study to Establish Its Safety and Efficacy.

Chandra SP, Kurwale NS, Chibber SS, et al.

Neurosurgery 2016; (78(5)):743-51 doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000001060.

Vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in 29 children.

Bodin E, Le Moing AG, Bourel-Ponchel E, et al.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2016; (20(3)):346-51.

An unfortunate challenge: Ketogenic diet for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in tyrosinemia type 1.

De Lucia S, Pichard S, Ilea A, et al.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2016; (20(4)):674-7.

Corpus callosotomy outcomes in pediatric patients: A systematic review.

Graham D, Tisdall MM, Gill D

Epilepsia 2016; (57(7)):1053-68 doi:10.1111/epi.13408.

Pediatric Epileptic Encephalopathies: Pathophysiology and Animal Models.

Shao LR, Stafstrom CE

Seminars in pediatric neurology 2016; (23(2)):98-107.

The Ketogenic Diet: A Practical Guide for Pediatricians.

Luat AF, Coyle L, Kamat D

Pediatric annals 2016; (45(12)):e446-e450 doi:10.3928/19382359-20161109-01.

Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Resnick T, Sheth RD

Journal of child neurology 2017; (32(11)):947-955 doi:10.1177/0883073817714394.

Interactions between cannabidiol and commonly used antiepileptic drugs.

Gaston TE, Bebin EM, Cutter GR, et al.

Epilepsia 2017; (58(9)):1586-1592 doi:10.1111/epi.13852.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a comprehensive review.

Asadi-Pooya AA

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2018; (39(3)):403-414 doi:10.1007/s10072-017-3188-y.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adulthood: Long-term clinical follow-up of 38 patients and analysis of their recorded seizures.

Vignoli A, Oggioni G, De Maria G, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2017; (77()):73-78 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.09.006.

The epilepsy phenotype in adult patients with intellectual disability and pathogenic copy number variants.

d'Orsi G, Martino T, Palumbo O, et al.

Seizure 2017; (53()):86-93 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2017.11.009.

Rufinamide for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: evidence from clinical trials and clinical practice.

Striano P, McMurray R, Santamarina E, Falip M

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 2018; (20(1)):13-29 doi:10.1684/epd.2017.0950.

Cannabidiol in patients with seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (GWPCARE4): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

Thiele EA, Marsh ED, French JA, et al.

Lancet (London, England) 2018; (391(10125)):1085-1096 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30136-3.

Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy evolving to contralateral hemi-Lennox-Gastaut-like phenotype.

Myers KA, Scheffer IE, Archer JS

Brain & development 2018; (40(5)):425-428 doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2018.01.005.

Neuropsychology Within a Tertiary Care Epilepsy Center.

Morrison CE, MacAllister WS, Barr WB

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists 2018; (33(3)):354-364 doi:10.1093/arclin/acx134.

Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Devinsky O, Patel AD, Cross JH, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2018; (378(20)):1888-1897 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1714631.

[Transional syndrome: from West to Lennox-Gastaut syndromes].

Malagon Valdez J

Medicina 2018; (78 Suppl 2()):2-5.

Evolution and course of early life developmental encephalopathic epilepsies: Focus on Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM

Epilepsia 2018; (59(11)):2096-2105 doi:10.1111/epi.14569.

Development of the transition-age program (TAP): Review of a pilot psychosocial multidisciplinary transition program in a Level 4 epilepsy center.

Reger KL, Hughes-Scalise A, O'Connor MA

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2018; (89()):153-158 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.10.021.

The refractory epilepsy screening tool for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (REST-LGS).

Piña-Garza JE, Boyce D, Tworek DM, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2019; (90()):148-153 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.11.016.

Quinidine Therapy for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome With KCNT1 Mutation. A Case Report and Literature Review.

Jia Y, Lin Y, Li J, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2019; (10()):64 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00064.

Epidiolex as adjunct therapy for treatment of refractory epilepsy: a comprehensive review with a focus on adverse effects.

Sekar K, Pack A

F1000Research 2019; (8()) doi:10.12688/f1000research.16515.1.

Evaluation of the Effects of Clobazam on Seizure Control and Quality of Life in Children With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Pilot Study.

Weinstock A, Agarwal N, Farooq O, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2019; (34(8)):432-439 doi:10.1177/0883073819836534.

Clinical trial simulations of the interaction between cannabidiol and clobazam and effect on drop-seizure frequency.

Bergmann KR, Broekhuizen K, Groeneveld GJ

British journal of clinical pharmacology 2020; (86(2)):380-385 doi:10.1111/bcp.14158.

Vagus nerve stimulation in pediatric patients with failed epilepsy surgery.

Tsai JD, Fan PC, Lee WT, et al.

Acta neurologica Belgica 2021; (121(5)):1305-1309 doi:10.1007/s13760-020-01303-8.

[Why the diagnosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a rare one?]

Belousova ED, Gorchanova ZK, Dorofeeva MY

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2019; (119(11. Vyp. 2)):41-47 doi:10.17116/jnevro201911911241.

Stereotactic laser anterior corpus callosotomy for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Tao JX, Satzer D, Issa NP, et al.

Epilepsia 2020; (61(6)):1190-1200 doi:10.1111/epi.16535.

Cannabidiol efficacy independent of clobazam: Meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials.

Devinsky O, Thiele EA, Wright S, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2020; (142(6)):531-540 doi:10.1111/ane.13305.

Cannabidiol in conjunction with clobazam: analysis of four randomized controlled trials.

Gunning B, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M, Chin RFM, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2021; (143(2)):154-163 doi:10.1111/ane.13351.

Early Implantation as a Main Predictor of Response to Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Childhood-Onset Refractory Epilepsy.

Russo A, Hyslop A, Gentile V, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2021; (36(5)):365-370 doi:10.1177/0883073820974855.

Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome beyond childhood: A comprehensive review.

Samanta D

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2021; (114(Pt A)):107612 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107612.

Retrospective analysis of open surgical versus laser interstitial thermal therapy callosotomy in pediatric patients with refractory epilepsy.

Caruso JP, Janjua MB, Dolce A, Price AV

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2021; (27(4)):420-428 doi:10.3171/2020.7.PEDS20167.

Saudi Arabian Consensus Statement on Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy.

Alqadi K, Aldhalaan H, Alghamdi A, et al.

Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences 2021; (9(1)):75-81 doi:10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_578_19.

Characteristics of Genetic Variations Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome in Korean Families.

Yang JO, Choi MH, Yoon JY, et al.

Frontiers in genetics 2020; (11()):590924 doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.590924.

Clinical management of voice and breathing problems in two patients with vagus nerve stimulation therapy.

Alantie S, Makkonen T, Hietala S, Peltola J

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 2021; (23(1)):173-179 doi:10.1684/epd.2021.1250.

Evolution of Infantile Spasms to Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: What Is There to Know?

Nelson JA, Demarest S, Thomas J, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2021; (36(9)):752-759 doi:10.1177/08830738211000514.

The impact of sub specialization within functional neurosurgery on patient outcomes in a comprehensive epilepsy center.

Clark AJ, Samuel R, Saez I, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2021; (205()):106636 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106636.

Automatic detection of generalized paroxysmal fast activity in interictal EEG using time-frequency analysis.

Omidvarnia A, Warren AEL, Dalic LJ, et al.

Computers in biology and medicine 2021; (133()):104287 doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104287.

Epilepsy Surgery is a Viable Treatment for Lennox Gastaut Syndrome.

Keator CG

Seminars in pediatric neurology 2021; (38()):100894 doi:10.1016/j.spen.2021.100894.

Long-term medical and social outcomes of patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Asadi-Pooya AA, Bazrafshan M, Farazdaghi M

Epilepsy research 2021; (178()):106813 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106813.

Epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures, also known as Doose syndrome: Modification of the diagnostic criteria.

Oguni H

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2022; (36()):37-50 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.11.009.

One-year cost-effectiveness of callosotomy vs vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant seizures in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A decision analytic model.

Abel TJ, Remick M, Welch WC, Smith KJ

Epilepsia open 2022; (7(1)):124-130 doi:10.1002/epi4.12570.

SCN1A Mutation-Beyond Dravet Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Ding J, Li X, Tian H, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2021; (12()):743726 doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.743726.

Endoscopic Total Corpus Callosotomy and Pan Commissurotomy for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Doddamani R, Kota RC, Ahemad N, et al.

Neurology India 2022; (70(1)):63-67 doi:10.4103/0028-3886.338654.

Epilepsy: expert opinion on emerging drugs in phase 2/3 clinical trials.

Pong AW, Ross J, Tyrlikova I, et al.

Expert opinion on emerging drugs 2022; (27(1)):75-90 doi:10.1080/14728214.2022.2059464.

Efficacy and safety of corpus callosotomy versus vagus nerve stimulation as long-term adjunctive therapies in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Experience of a tertiary care center.

Alanazi GM, ALOsaimi TF, Alwadei AH, et al.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) 2022; (27(2)):59-64 doi:10.17712/nsj.2022.2.20210135.

Long-term outcome of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Van Bogaert P

Revue neurologique 2022; (178(7)):659-665 doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2022.01.009.

Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Knupp KG, Scheffer IE, Ceulemans B, et al.

JAMA neurology 2022; (79(6)):554-564 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0829.

Complete Corpus Callosotomy for Refractory Epilepsy in Children.

Barrit S, Park EH, El Hadwe S, Madsen JR

World neurosurgery 2022; (164()):69 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.099.

Predictors of vagus nerve stimulation complications among pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Muthiah N, Sharma N, Vodovotz L, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2022; (30(3)):284-291 doi:10.3171/2022.6.PEDS2289.

Paroxysmal fast activity is a biomarker of treatment response in deep brain stimulation for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Dalic LJ, Warren AEL, Spiegel C, et al.

Epilepsia 2022; (63(12)):3134-3147 doi:10.1111/epi.17414.

Tonic Seizures in a Patient With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Manifest as "Icicles" Rather Than "Flames" on Quantitative EEG Analysis.

Catenaccio E, Bennett ML, Massey SL, et al.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society 2023; (40(2)):e6-e9 doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000974.

Epileptogenesis in tuberous sclerosis complex-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy.

Aronica E, Specchio N, Luinenburg MJ, Curatolo P

Brain : a journal of neurology 2023; (146(7)):2694-2710 doi:10.1093/brain/awad048.

Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Tabaee Damavandi P, Fabin N, Giossi R, et al.

Neurology and therapy 2023; (12(2)):669-686 doi:10.1007/s40120-023-00452-1.

Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Besag FMC, Vasey MJ, Chin RFM

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2023; (24(11)):1249-1268 doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2215924.

Proposed anti-seizure medication combinations with rufinamide in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Narrative review and expert opinion.

Sankar R, Chez M, Pina-Garza JE, et al.

Seizure 2023; (110()):42-57 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.018.

Interrater reliability of interictal EEG waveforms in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Hu DK, Rana M, Adams DJ, et al.

Epilepsia open 2024; (9(1)):176-186 doi:10.1002/epi4.12858.

Neurostimulation for Generalized Epilepsy: Should Therapy be Syndrome-specific?

Warren AEL, Tobochnik S, Chua MMJ, et al.

Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2024; (35(1)):27-48 doi:10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.001.

Applying the ILAE diagnostic criteria for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in the real-world setting: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Nightscales R, Chen Z, Barnard S, et al.

Epilepsia open 2024; (9(2)):602-612 doi:10.1002/epi4.12894.

Long-term outcomes and adaptive behavior in adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Cerulli Irelli E, Petrungaro A, Pastorino GMG, et al.

Epilepsia open 2024; (9(5)):1881-1890 doi:10.1002/epi4.13024.

Comparative Analysis of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome With Different Subtypes of Tonic Seizures: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Wang S, Zhao X, Li T, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2024; (161()):132-138 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.07.018.

Ketogenic diet therapy for epilepsy: Clinical pearls.

Pinto AL, Montenegro MA, Valente K, Sampaio LB

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2024; (161()):110091 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110091.

Discovering EEG biomarkers of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome through unsupervised time-frequency analysis.

Hu DK, Pinto-Orellana MA, Rana M, et al.

Epilepsia 2025; (66(2)):541-553 doi:10.1111/epi.18211.

Understanding the Burden of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Implications for Patients, Caregivers, and Society in High and Low Resource Settings: A Narrative Review.

Mourid MR, Oduoye MO

Health science reports 2024; (7(12)):e70169 doi:10.1002/hsr2.70169.

A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Seizure Freedom before Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (the "Gap"). Opportunities for Prevention.

Deering L, Nelson A, Yozawitz E, et al.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2024; doi:10.1101/2024.12.03.24318373.

Neuromodulation Strategies in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Practical Clinical Guidance from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium.

Samanta D, Aungaroon G, Fine AL, et al.

Epilepsy research 2025; (210()):107499 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107499.

Antiseizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Comprehensive review and proposed consensus treatment algorithm.

Samanta D, Bhalla S, Bhatia S, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (164()):110261 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110261.

Cognitive and behavioral impact of antiseizure medications, neuromodulation, ketogenic diet, and surgery in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A comprehensive review.

Samanta D

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (164()):110272 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110272.

Phenotypic Manifestations of a New Variant in HDAC4 Gene.

Ianniello M, De Angelis V, Ottaiano A, et al.

American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics 2025; (198(6)):32-37 doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.33029.

Current and emerging pharmacotherapies in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Samanta D, Nath M

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2025; (26(10)):1133-1147 doi:10.1080/14656566.2025.2516630.

Neuropathologic Findings in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (SCN2A-Related): A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Thompson C, Khatskevich K, Welsh CT, et al.

Pediatric and developmental pathology : the official journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society 2025; (28(5)):420-424 doi:10.1177/10935266251345684.

Dysregulation of the Cannabinoid System in Childhood Epilepsy: From Mechanisms to Therapy.

Montebello G, Di Giovanni G

International journal of molecular sciences 2025; (26(13)) doi:10.3390/ijms26136234.

A novel mutation in the DYNC1H1 gene causing developmental and epileptic encephalopathy treated with ketogenic diet: A case report.

Zhao F, Sun L, Hu W, Zhang H

Medicine 2025; (104(28)):e43277 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000043277.

Navigating the Diagnosis: A survey on Caregivers' Journeys to Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.

Votoupal M, Muller R, Patel AD, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (171()):110600 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110600.

Absence-Atonic Seizures: A Rare Generalized Seizure Type.

Ranpariya M, Hanson J, Qutab N, Farooq O

Journal of child neurology 2026; (41(3)):407-409 doi:10.1177/08830738251359388.

Current practices and trends in surgical decision-making for children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: A cross-sectional survey by the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium.

Chiu MY, Keator CG, Warren AEL, et al.

Epilepsia open 2025; (10(6)):1835-1846 doi:10.1002/epi4.70144.

Genetic Etiology of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy in a Turkish Cohort: A Single-Center Study with Targeted Gene Panel and Whole Exome Sequencing.

Sunnetci-Akkoyunlu D, Kara B, Ozer T, et al.

Genes 2025; (16(10)) doi:10.3390/genes16101152.

History of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: An electro-clinical voyage in search of an epileptic syndrome.

Gélisse P, Crespel A, Genton P, Dravet C

Seizure 2025; (133()):251-260 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2025.11.001.

Dietary therapies in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Vasquez A, Fine AL

Seminars in pediatric neurology 2025; (56()):101238 doi:10.1016/j.spen.2025.101238.

Late onset Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Hisamoto Y

Seminars in pediatric neurology 2025; (56()):101240 doi:10.1016/j.spen.2025.101240.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Comorbidities and clinical implications.

Pino AF, Naik S, Erdemir G

Seminars in pediatric neurology 2025; (56()):101239 doi:10.1016/j.spen.2025.101239.

Unraveling Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Precision Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy Evolving Therapeutic Strategies.

Na JH, Lee YM

International journal of molecular sciences 2026; (27(3)) doi:10.3390/ijms27031382.