Research & Literature

REM Sleep at its Core - Circuits, Neurotransmitters, and Pathophysiology.

Fraigne JJ, Torontali ZA, Snow MB, Peever JH

Frontiers in neurology 2015; (6()):123 doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00123.

Diagnostic delay in narcolepsy type 1: combining the patients' and the doctors' perspectives.

Taddei RN, Werth E, Poryazova R, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2016; (25(6)):709-715 doi:10.1111/jsr.12420.

Narcolepsy Type 1 Is Associated with a Systemic Increase and Activation of Regulatory T Cells and with a Systemic Activation of Global T Cells.

Lecendreux M, Churlaud G, Pitoiset F, et al.

PloS one 2017; (12(1)):e0169836 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169836.

Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe mediate the anticataplectic action of orexin neurons by reducing amygdala activity.

Hasegawa E, Maejima T, Yoshida T, et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2017; (114(17)):E3526-E3535 doi:10.1073/pnas.1614552114.

Safety and efficacy of long-term use of sodium oxybate for narcolepsy with cataplexy in routine clinical practice.

Drakatos P, Lykouras D, D'Ancona G, et al.

Sleep medicine 2017; (35()):80-84 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.03.028.

Decreased body mass index during treatment with sodium oxybate in narcolepsy type 1.

Schinkelshoek MS, Smolders IM, Donjacour CE, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2019; (28(3)):e12684 doi:10.1111/jsr.12684.

Resolution of Sleepwalking Behavior after Initiation of Sodium Oxybate in a Patient with Narcolepsy Type 2.

Hesselbacher S, Sharafkhaneh A

Cureus 2018; (10(5)):e2662 doi:10.7759/cureus.2662.

Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid orexin-A (hypocretin-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: A comparison with radioimmunoassay.

Ono T, Kanbayashi T, Yoshizawa K, et al.

Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences 2018; (72(11)):849-850 doi:10.1111/pcn.12780.

Treatment of paediatric narcolepsy with sodium oxybate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-withdrawal multicentre study and open-label investigation.

Plazzi G, Ruoff C, Lecendreux M, et al.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health 2018; (2(7)):483-494 doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30133-0.

Multiple treatment comparison in narcolepsy: a network meta-analysis.

Lehert P, Falissard B

Sleep 2018; (41(12)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy185.

Correlation between HLA-DQB1*06:02 and narcolepsy with and without cataplexy: approving a safe and sensitive genetic test in four major ethnic groups. A systematic meta-analysis.

Capittini C, De Silvestri A, Terzaghi M, et al.

Sleep medicine 2018; (52()):150-157 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.024.

Impaired social functioning in children with narcolepsy.

Quaedackers L, van Gilst MM, van Mierlo P, et al.

Sleep 2019; (42(2)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy228.

Neurobiological and immunogenetic aspects of narcolepsy: Implications for pharmacotherapy.

Szabo ST, Thorpy MJ, Mayer G, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2019; (43()):23-36 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.09.006.

CD8+ T cells from patients with narcolepsy and healthy controls recognize hypocretin neuron-specific antigens.

Pedersen NW, Holm A, Kristensen NP, et al.

Nature communications 2019; (10(1)):837 doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08774-1.

Antidepressants for the treatment of narcolepsy: A prospective study of 148 patients in northern China.

Jin L, Shi L, Zhang Y, et al.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2019; (63()):27-31 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.02.014.

Dissociating orexin-dependent and -independent functions of orexin neurons using novel Orexin-Flp knock-in mice.

Chowdhury S, Hung CJ, Izawa S, et al.

eLife 2019; (8()).

Clinical neurophysiology of CNS hypersomnias.

Barateau L, Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y

Handbook of clinical neurology 2019; (161()):353-367 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-64142-7.00060-6.

CSF orexin-A levels after rituximab treatment in recent onset narcolepsy type 1.

Wasling P, Malmeström C, Blennow K

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2019; (6(6)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000613.

Defining disrupted nighttime sleep and assessing its diagnostic utility for pediatric narcolepsy type 1.

Maski K, Pizza F, Liu S, et al.

Sleep 2020; (43(10)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa066.

Utility of measuring CSF hypocretin-1 level in patients with suspected narcolepsy.

Gabryelska A, Szmyd B, Maschauer EL, et al.

Sleep medicine 2020; (71()):48-51 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.009.

Depression and suicidal thoughts in untreated and treated narcolepsy: Systematic analysis.

Barateau L, Lopez R, Chenini S, et al.

Neurology 2020; (95(20)):e2755-e2768 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000010737.

Different positron emission tomography findings in schizophrenia and narcolepsy type 1 in adolescents and young adults: a preliminary study.

Chin WC, Liu FY, Huang YS, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2021; (17(4)):739-748 doi:10.5664/jcsm.9032.

Cortical arousal frequency is increased in narcolepsy type 1.

Brink-Kjaer A, Christensen JAE, Cesari M, et al.

Sleep 2021; (44(5)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa255.

Dream Generation and Recall in Daytime NREM Sleep of Patients With Narcolepsy Type 1.

Cipolli C, Pizza F, Bellucci C, et al.

Frontiers in neuroscience 2020; (14()):608757 doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.608757.

Orgasmolepsy in Narcolepsy Type 1 Responsive to Pitolisant: A Case Report.

Pellitteri G, Dolso P, Valente M, Gigli GL

Nature and science of sleep 2020; (12()):1237-1240 doi:10.2147/NSS.S286358.

The Xyrem® (Sodium Oxybate) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program in the USA: Results From 2016 to 2017.

Strunc MJ, Black J, Lillaney P, et al.

Drugs - real world outcomes 2021; (8(1)):15-28 doi:10.1007/s40801-020-00223-6.

Case Report: Burden of Illness in Narcolepsy Type 1: Hikikomori in a Teenage Girl.

Filardi M, Blunda V, Vandi S, et al.

Frontiers in psychology 2021; (12()):634941 doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.634941.

Narcolepsy Type 1: A Remitting Disease? An Unusual Case Report.

Vellieux G, Frija-Masson J, Rouvel-Tallec A, et al.

Nature and science of sleep 2021; (13()):1669-1673 doi:10.2147/NSS.S311283.

Brain Circuits Underlying Narcolepsy.

Pintwala SK, Peever J

The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry 2023; (29(6)):751-766 doi:10.1177/10738584211052263.

Activity of putative orexin neurons during cataplexy.

Zhou S, Yamashita A, Su J, et al.

Molecular brain 2022; (15(1)):21 doi:10.1186/s13041-022-00907-w.

A rare genetic variant in the cleavage site of prepro-orexin is associated with idiopathic hypersomnia.

Miyagawa T, Tanaka S, Shimada M, et al.

NPJ genomic medicine 2022; (7(1)):29 doi:10.1038/s41525-022-00298-w.

Orexin neurons inhibit sleep to promote arousal.

De Luca R, Nardone S, Grace KP, et al.

Nature communications 2022; (13(1)):4163 doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31591-y.

Dissociative episode and panic attacks triggered by pitolisant in a narcoleptic patient.

Brunetti V, Marotta J, Simoncini Malucelli G, et al.

International clinical psychopharmacology 2023; (38(2)):114-116 doi:10.1097/YIC.0000000000000430.

Exploring Addictive Online Behaviors in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1.

Varallo G, Musetti A, D'Anselmo A, et al.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; (10(11)) doi:10.3390/healthcare10112169.

Pharmacological Interventions for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Adults with Narcolepsy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Chien PY, Kuo CY, Lin MH, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(21)) doi:10.3390/jcm11216302.

Repeated measures of hypocretin-1 in Danish and Italian patients with narcolepsy and in controls.

Torstensen EW, Haubjerg Østerby NC, Pizza F, et al.

Sleep medicine 2023; (101()):213-220 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.004.

What triggered narcolepsy: H1N1 vaccination, virus, or both? Important lessons learned from China.

Gool JK, Schinkelshoek MS, Fronczek R

Sleep 2023; (46(3)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad005.

Update on the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: Progress, challenges, and expert opinion.

Arnulf I, Thomas R, Roy A, Dauvilliers Y

Sleep medicine reviews 2023; (69()):101766 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101766.

Calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates oral solution for cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy.

Abad VC

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2023; (24(8)):875-885 doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2204187.

Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia.

Blattner M, Maski K

Sleep medicine clinics 2023; (18(2)):183-199 doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.003.

Amygdala neurocircuitry at the interface between emotional regulation and narcolepsy with cataplexy.

Sardar H, Goldstein-Piekarski AN, Giardino WJ

Frontiers in neuroscience 2023; (17()):1152594 doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1152594.

Narcolepsy type I-associated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in the human leukocyte antigen region.

Yoshida-Tanaka K, Shimada M, Honda Y, et al.

Scientific reports 2023; (13(1)):10464 doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37511-4.

Oral Orexin Receptor 2 Agonist in Narcolepsy Type 1.

Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Del Río Villegas R, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2023; (389(4)):309-321 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2301940.

How reliable is a simplified MSLT nap termination protocol?

Siegenthaler P, Valko PO, Renzel R, et al.

Sleep medicine 2023; (109()):285-292 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.016.

Repeated polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy type 1 and other hypersomnolence disorders.

Torstensen EW, Haubjerg Østerby NC, Kornum BR, et al.

Sleep medicine 2023; (110()):91-98 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.029.

Deficiency of orexin signaling during sleep is involved in abnormal REM sleep architecture in narcolepsy.

Ito H, Fukatsu N, Rahaman SM, et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2023; (120(41)):e2301951120 doi:10.1073/pnas.2301951120.

Exploring the emotional and behavioural profile in paediatric narcolepsy type 1: A case-control study.

Simoncini Malucelli G, Mercante A, Pizza F, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2024; (33(4)):e14064 doi:10.1111/jsr.14064.

Work productivity and activity impairment in patients with narcolepsy type 1.

Bassi C, Biscarini F, Zenesini C, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2024; (33(3)):e14087 doi:10.1111/jsr.14087.

Microstructural White Matter Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Narcolepsy Type 1.

Hovi M, Roine U, Autti T, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2024; (153()):56-64 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.01.015.

Identifying time-resolved features of nocturnal sleep characteristics of narcolepsy using machine learning.

Vilela M, Tracey B, Volfson D, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2024; (33(6)):e14216 doi:10.1111/jsr.14216.

Challenges in the Management of Narcolepsy in a Resource Limited Setting: A Case Report.

Yaria J, Olusakin T

Cureus 2024; (16(4)):e58143 doi:10.7759/cureus.58143.

Association between human leukocyte antigen class II-DR-DQ and narcolepsy: a case control study.

Bacelar A, Fernandez O, Paradella E, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2024; (20(12)):1945-1953 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11300.

CSF-profile and hypocretin levels in children with narcolepsy type 1 and 2.

Josler M, El Naggar I, Bertolini A, et al.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2024; (53()):1-7 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.08.003.

Recent insights into the pathophysiology of narcolepsy type 1.

Vringer M, Zhou J, Gool JK, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2024; (78()):101993 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101993.

Increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a possible marker to detect neuroinflammation in patients with narcolepsy type 1.

Conti M, Cirillo F, Maio S, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(1)):101-107 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11368.

Bibliometric analysis of orexin: A promising neuropeptide.

Sun N, Wei R, Jia B, et al.

Medicine 2024; (103(43)):e40213 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000040213.

Measuring energy expenditure in narcolepsy using doubly labeled water and respiration chamber calorimetry.

Donjacour CEHM, Gool JK, Schoffelen PF, et al.

Sleep 2025; (48(4)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae263.

Social support and isolation in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: An international survey.

Flygare J, Oglesby L, Parthasarathy S, et al.

Sleep medicine 2025; (125()):65-73 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.11.013.

The Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy Type 1: A Narrative Review.

Xu W, Ding W, Zhang Y, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2024; (25(22)) doi:10.3390/ijms252211914.

Armodafinil as Monotherapy in Treating Narcolepsy with Cataplexy.

Ahmed A, Tariq S, Khan SJ, Shah ZH

Cureus 2024; (16(12)):e76437 doi:10.7759/cureus.76437.

Very late onset narcolepsy type 1: a case report and review of the literature.

Martens J, Van Den Bossche M

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(5)):917-929 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11540.

Treatment of Narcolepsy Type 1 With Orexin: A Systematic Review.

Thomaz TG, McBenedict B, Meireles DK, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(12)):e76692 doi:10.7759/cureus.76692.

Effort/reward imbalance and comorbidities burden in academic and professional careers of patients with narcolepsy type 1.

Peter-Derex L, Fort E, Putois B, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(6)):983-997 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11598.

Interim analysis of a post-authorization safety study of pitolisant in treating narcolepsy: A real-world European study.

Plazzi G, Mayer G, Bodenschatz R, et al.

Sleep medicine 2025; (129()):20-30 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.02.012.

Use of Portable 24-Hour Polysomnography as Alternative Diagnostic Tool for Narcolepsy Type 1 in Adults and Children.

Biscarini F, Vandi S, Zenesini C, et al.

Neurology 2025; (104(7)):e213473 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000213473.

Diagnostic value of nocturnal sleep-onset rapid eye movement sleep period for narcolepsy type 1 and 2 in a tertiary sleep centre.

Vael VEC, Bijlenga D, van der Wel AA, et al.

Sleep medicine 2025; (130()):36-42 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.03.019.

An orexin agonist promotes wakefulness and inhibits cataplexy through distinct brain regions.

Ishikawa T, Kurimoto E, Joyal AA, et al.

Current biology : CB 2025; (35(9)):2088-2099.e4 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.03.040.

Case Report: Narcolepsy patients masked behind obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): report of 2 cases and literature review.

Zou S, Zhang X, Shen Y, et al.

Frontiers in neuroscience 2025; (19()):1563912 doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1563912.

Age at Onset and Delays in Diagnosis of Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence Over the Past 30 Years.

Zhang Z, Barateau L, Béziat S, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2026; (35(2)):e70170 doi:10.1111/jsr.70170.

Orexin Deficiency in Narcolepsy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Emerging Therapeutic Frontiers.

Rauf R, Asif S, AlSaafeen A, et al.

Brain and behavior 2025; (15(10)):e70984 doi:10.1002/brb3.70984.

Research Progress in the Roles of Influenza A H1N1 Virus and Its Vaccine in the Pathogenesis of Narcolepsy Type 1.

Ding WT, Gao JY, Guo ZL, et al.

Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2025; (47(6)):997-1005 doi:10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16463.