Research & Literature

A Case Report and Review of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Pregnancy.

Lide B, Haeri S

AJP reports 2015; (5(1)):e33-6 doi:10.1055/s-0034-1544106.

Reversible postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Abdulla A, Rajeevan T

World journal of clinical cases 2015; (3(7)):655-60 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i7.655.

Epidemiology and definition of inappropriate sinus tachycardia.

Pellegrini CN, Scheinman MM

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2016; (46(1)):29-32 doi:10.1007/s10840-015-0039-8.

[Time-dependent heart rate variability in the head-up tilt test in children with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome].

Ran J, Wang C, Zou RM, et al.

Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics 2015; (17(10)):1070-3.

An assessment of fatigue in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Wise S, Ross A, Brown A, et al.

Journal of health psychology 2017; (22(6)):733-742 doi:10.1177/1359105315613624.

[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome].

Brinth L, Pors K, Mehlsen J

Ugeskrift for laeger 2015; (177(18)):853-6.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)--A novel member of the autoimmune family.

Dahan S, Tomljenovic L, Shoenfeld Y

Lupus 2016; (25(4)):339-42 doi:10.1177/0961203316629558.

The complexity of diagnosing postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: influence of the diurnal variability.

Moon J, Lee HS, Byun JI, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH 2016; (10(3)):263-70.

Recognizing postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Pavlik D, Agnew D, Stiles L, Ditoro R

JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 2016; (29(4)):17-23 doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000481398.76099.09.

Outcomes of Adolescent-Onset Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Bhatia R, Kizilbash SJ, Ahrens SP, et al.

The Journal of pediatrics 2016; (173()):149-53.

Recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying postural tachycardia syndrome in children: practical implications for treatment.

Zheng X, Chen Y, Du J

Cardiology in the young 2017; (27(3)):413-417 doi:10.1017/S1047951116002559.

Ivabradine for the Treatment of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Gee ME, Watkins AK, Brown JN, Young EJA

American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions 2018; (18(3)):195-204 doi:10.1007/s40256-017-0252-1.

Can H2 -receptor upregulation and raised histamine explain an anaphylactoid reaction on cessation of ranitidine in a 19-year-old female? A case report.

Allen SJ, Chazot PL, Dixon CJ

British journal of clinical pharmacology 2018; (84(7)):1611-1616 doi:10.1111/bcp.13578.

Orthostatic intolerance and postural tachycardia syndrome: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment.

Ruzieh M, Grubb BP

Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 2018; (29(2)):183-186 doi:10.1007/s00399-018-0563-1.

Activity and Exercise Intolerance After Concussion: Identification and Management of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Miranda NA, Boris JR, Kouvel KM, Stiles L

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT 2018; (42(3)):163-171 doi:10.1097/NPT.0000000000000231.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Its Unusual Presenting Complaints in Women: A Literature Minireview.

Anjum I, Sohail W, Hatipoglu B, Wilson R

Cureus 2018; (10(4)):e2435 doi:10.7759/cureus.2435.

Exercise and non-pharmacological treatment of POTS.

Fu Q, Levine BD

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2018; (215()):20-27 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.07.001.

Cerebral Perfusion Monitoring Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy During Head-Up Tilt Table Test in Patients With Orthostatic Intolerance.

Kim YH, Paik SH, V ZP, et al.

Frontiers in human neuroscience 2019; (13()):55 doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00055.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: JACC Focus Seminar.

Bryarly M, Phillips LT, Fu Q, et al.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2019; (73(10)):1207-1228 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.059.

The Relationship Between Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS).

Kucharik AH, Chang C

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2020; (58(3)):273-297 doi:10.1007/s12016-019-08755-8.

Medically Documenting Disability in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Cases.

Comerford BB, Podell R

Frontiers in pediatrics 2019; (7()):231 doi:10.3389/fped.2019.00231.

Monitoring of cerebral oximetry in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Kharraziha I, Holm H, Bachus E, et al.

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2019; (21(10)):1575-1583 doi:10.1093/europace/euz204.

Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Mechanisms and New Therapies.

Mar PL, Raj SR

Annual review of medicine 2020; (71()):235-248 doi:10.1146/annurev-med-041818-011630.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in primary care: diagnosis, treatment and a case of African-American man presenting with POTS.

Del Pozzi AT, Enechukwu M, Blitshteyn S

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(9)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-229824.

Canadian Cardiovascular Society Position Statement on Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and Related Disorders of Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance.

Raj SR, Guzman JC, Harvey P, et al.

The Canadian journal of cardiology 2020; (36(3)):357-372 doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2019.12.024.

A new insight on postural tachycardia syndrome in 102 adults with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorder.

Celletti C, Borsellino B, Castori M, et al.

Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace 2020; (90(2)) doi:10.4081/monaldi.2020.1286.

Bier anemic spots, cyanosis, and urticaria-like eruption (BASCULE) syndrome: Report of two new cases and literature review.

El Nemnom P, Lauwerys B, Marot L, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2020; (37(5)):864-867 doi:10.1111/pde.14213.

Update of Individualized Treatment Strategies for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Children.

Zhang Q, Xu B, Du J

Frontiers in neurology 2020; (11()):525 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00525.

Hemodynamics during the 10-minute NASA Lean Test: evidence of circulatory decompensation in a subset of ME/CFS patients.

Lee J, Vernon SD, Jeys P, et al.

Journal of translational medicine 2020; (18(1)):314 doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02481-y.

A Pilot Study using the Compensatory Reserve Index to evaluate individuals with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia syndrome.

Shahi N, Shirek G, Pickett K, et al.

Cardiology in the young 2020; (30(12)):1833-1839 doi:10.1017/S1047951120002905.

Compression Garment Reduces Orthostatic Tachycardia and Symptoms in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Bourne KM, Sheldon RS, Hall J, et al.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021; (77(3)):285-296 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.040.

Cardiovascular exercise as a treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A pragmatic treatment trial.

Gibbons CH, Silva G, Freeman R

Heart rhythm 2021; (18(8)):1361-1368 doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.01.017.

Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing of Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Joseph P, Arevalo C, Oliveira RKF, et al.

Chest 2021; (160(2)):642-651 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.01.082.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is associated with significant employment and economic loss.

Bourne KM, Chew DS, Stiles LE, et al.

Journal of internal medicine 2021; (290(1)):203-212 doi:10.1111/joim.13245.

Randomized Trial of Ivabradine in Patients With Hyperadrenergic Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Taub PR, Zadourian A, Lo HC, et al.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021; (77(7)):861-871 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.029.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome following open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Manuel L, Fong LS, Mamo A, et al.

Journal of surgical case reports 2021; (2021(2)):rjab012 doi:10.1093/jscr/rjab012.

Tilt Test: A Review.

Aponte-Becerra L, Novak P

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society 2021; (38(4)):279-286 doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000625.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): State of the science and clinical care from a 2019 National Institutes of Health Expert Consensus Meeting - Part 1.

Vernino S, Bourne KM, Stiles LE, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2021; (235()):102828 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102828.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) occurring during treatment for breast cancer.

Babra D, Youn S, Devendra S

BMJ case reports 2021; (14(8)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-242472.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Natelson BH, Brunjes DL, Mancini D

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2021; (78(10)):1056-1067 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.045.

Some cases of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome.

Afrin LB

American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 2021; (187(4)):466-472 doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31944.

Salt supplementation in the management of orthostatic intolerance: Vasovagal syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Williams EL, Raj SR, Schondorf R, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2022; (237()):102906 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102906.

Symptom Presentation and Access to Medical Care in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Role of Sex.

Bourne KM, Hall J, Stiles LE, et al.

CJC open 2021; (3(12 Suppl)):S44-S52 doi:10.1016/j.cjco.2021.08.014.

Autonomic neuropathy as post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report.

Agnihotri SP, Luis CVS, Kazamel M

Journal of neurovirology 2022; (28(1)):158-161 doi:10.1007/s13365-022-01056-5.

The prevalence and impact of orthostatic intolerance in young women across the hypermobility spectrum.

Peebles KC, Tan I, Butlin M, et al.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2022; (188(6)):1761-1776 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.62705.

Case Report, Practices Survey and Literature Review of an Under-Recognized Pediatric Vascular Disorder: The BASCULE Syndrome.

Baurens N, Briand C, Giovannini-Chami L, et al.

Frontiers in pediatrics 2022; (10()):849914 doi:10.3389/fped.2022.849914.

Excessive Postural Tachycardia and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Youth: Associations With Distress, Impairment, Health Behaviors, and Medication Recommendations.

Klaas KM, Fischer PR, Segner S, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2022; (37(7)):599-608 doi:10.1177/08830738221078410.

The Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Profile in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Ishimwe JA, Breier N, Saleem M, et al.

Frontiers in physiology 2022; (13()):879012 doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.879012.

Feasibility, reliability and safety of self-assessed orthostatic blood pressure at home.

Gibbon JR, Parry SW, Witham MD, et al.

Age and ageing 2022; (51(7)) doi:10.1093/ageing/afac153.

Skin Biopsy and Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Testing in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Zhang R, Mayuga K, Shields R, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(11)):e31021 doi:10.7759/cureus.31021.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: Recognition and treatment.

Czosek L

Nursing 2023; (53(2)):18-22 doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000905696.14880.53.

Management of Post-Viral Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome With Craniosacral Therapy.

Tafler L, Chaudry A, Cho H, Garcia A

Cureus 2023; (15(2)):e35009 doi:10.7759/cureus.35009.

COVID-19 Induced Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Review.

Mallick D, Goyal L, Chourasia P, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(3)):e36955 doi:10.7759/cureus.36955.

Evidence for Impaired Renin Activity in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Spahic JM, Mattisson IY, Hamrefors V, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2023; (12(14)) doi:10.3390/jcm12144660.

Dysautonomia, Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome as Migraine Comorbidities.

Blitshteyn S

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2023; (23(11)):769-776 doi:10.1007/s11910-023-01307-w.

Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Mast Cell Activation Syndrome and Response to Mast-Cell-Directed Treatment: A Case Series.

Weinstock LB, Nelson RM, Blitshteyn S

Journal of personalized medicine 2023; (13(11)) doi:10.3390/jpm13111562.

Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Simulation in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Chakraborty P, Farhat K, Morris L, et al.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review 2023; (12()):e31 doi:10.15420/aer.2023.20.

Cardiovascular Symptoms, Dysautonomia, and Quality of Life in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Brief Review.

Hertel A, Black WR, Malloy Walton L, et al.

Current cardiology reviews 2024; doi:10.2174/011573403X271096231203164216.

The Head-Up Tilt Table Test as a Measure of Autonomic Functioning among Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Jason LA, McGarrigle WJ, Vermeulen RCW

Journal of personalized medicine 2024; (14(3)) doi:10.3390/jpm14030238.

Autoimmunity in Syndromes of Orthostatic Intolerance: An Updated Review.

Pena C, Moustafa A, Mohamed AR, Grubb B

Journal of personalized medicine 2024; (14(4)) doi:10.3390/jpm14040435.

The Contribution of Psychological Symptoms to Cognitive Difficulties in Youth With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome and Chronic Pain.

Tsai Owens M, Fischer PR, Sim L, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2024; (39(3-4)):104-112 doi:10.1177/08830738241236815.

Long-Term POTS Outcomes Survey: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Clinical Outcomes.

Boris JR, Shadiack EC, McCormick EM, et al.

Journal of the American Heart Association 2024; (13(14)):e033485 doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.033485.

The Suggested Relationships Between Common GI Symptoms and Joint Hypermobility, POTS, and MCAS.

Quigley EMM, Noble O, Ansari U

Gastroenterology & hepatology 2024; (20(8)):479-489.

The Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Children With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Retrospective Study.

Kakavand B, Centner A, Centner S, Hasan S

Cureus 2024; (16(9)):e69941 doi:10.7759/cureus.69941.

Exercise in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Focus on Individualized Exercise Approach.

Trimble KZ, Switzer JN, Blitshteyn S

Journal of clinical medicine 2024; (13(22)) doi:10.3390/jcm13226747.

Pathophysiology and management of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A literature review.

Ghazal M, Akkawi AR, Fancher A, et al.

Current problems in cardiology 2025; (50(3)):102977 doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102977.

Adaptive Approaches to Exercise Rehabilitation for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Related Autonomic Disorders.

Ziaks L, Johnson K, Schiltz K, et al.

Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation 2024; (6(4)):100366 doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100366.

Carbidopa: beyond Parkinson's disease.

Lenka A, Vernino S

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2025; (35(3)):347-352 doi:10.1007/s10286-025-01122-y.

Pediatric orthostatic intolerance - a review with focus on recent research.

Hebson C, Harberg M, Borasino P

Current opinion in pediatrics 2025; (37(4)):342-349 doi:10.1097/MOP.0000000000001469.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome analyzed by means of hemodynamics.

Wei L, Cheng H, Chen S, et al.

PloS one 2025; (20(7)):e0327236 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0327236.

Dysautonomia: a common comorbidity of systemic disease.

Blitshteyn S

Immunologic research 2025; (73(1)):105 doi:10.1007/s12026-025-09661-2.

Pediatric postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: From mechanisms to individualized management.

Xu W, Jin H, Liao Y, Du J

Pediatric discovery 2024; (2(4)):e2509 doi:10.1002/pdi3.2509.

The evidence for treatments for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a systematic review of randomized trials.

Kwok CS, Lee S, Hall M, et al.

Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2025; (35(8)):517-527 doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.001.

Successful treatment of long-COVID postural tachycardia syndrome with epipharyngeal abrasive therapy in an adolescent patient: A case report.

Takezawa H

Medicine 2025; (104(28)):e43333 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000043333.

Early Relational Trauma and the Development of Internalizing Symptoms in Females with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Dorris BG, Plisco MK

Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD) 2025; (26(5)):617-633 doi:10.1080/15299732.2025.2542122.

A Co-Designed and Theory-Based Mobile Health App for Patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Development and Usability Testing.

Warren J, Chih MY, Sellnow DD, Kotter J

Studies in health technology and informatics 2025; (329()):1742-1743 doi:10.3233/SHTI251192.

Normative data for the 10-min lean test in adults without orthostatic intolerance.

Iftekhar N, Wilson A, Nguty L, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2025; (16()):1625216 doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1625216.

Systematic literature review: treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).

Schiweck N, Langer K, Maier A, et al.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2026; (36(1)):3-16 doi:10.1007/s10286-025-01172-2.

Psychosocial profiles of autonomic dysfunction.

Frye WS, Ward S, Mauriello D, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2025; (262()):103365 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103365.

Abdominal-only Compression Garments Reduce Orthostatic Tachycardia and Improve Symptoms in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Bourne KM, Karalasingham K, Siddiqui T, et al.

The Canadian journal of cardiology 2025; doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2025.11.038.

Use of Ivabradine in the Treatment of Patients with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Systematic Review.

Melo APG, Moretti MA, Chagas ACP

Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2025; (122(11)):e20250347 doi:10.36660/abc.20250347.

Hives in autonomic disorders: a cutaneous marker of a distinct symptom phenotype.

Savigamin C, Chung T, Rebman AW, et al.

Annals of medicine 2026; (58(1)):2626224 doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2626224.

Genetic variants in acetylcholine processing and significant improvement with pyridostigmine in a patient with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a case report.

Stephenson KM, Foster B, Blitshteyn S

European heart journal. Case reports 2026; (10(2)):ytag033 doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytag033.