Research & Literature

Complement System Part II: Role in Immunity.

Merle NS, Noe R, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2015; (6()):257 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00257.

Predominant Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Stimulating Systemic Autoimmunity.

Huang X, Dorta-Estremera S, Yao Y, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2015; (6()):526 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00526.

At the Bedside: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as targets for biomarkers and therapies in autoimmune diseases.

Barnado A, Crofford LJ, Oates JC

Journal of leukocyte biology 2016; (99(2)):265-78 doi:10.1189/jlb.5BT0615-234R.

Clearance Deficiency and Cell Death Pathways: A Model for the Pathogenesis of SLE.

Mahajan A, Herrmann M, Muñoz LE

Frontiers in immunology 2016; (7()):35 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00035.

Lupus Panniculitis as an Initial Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.

Zhao YK, Wang F, Chen WN, et al.

Medicine 2016; (95(16)):e3429 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003429.

Familial chilblain lupus due to a gain-of-function mutation in STING.

König N, Fiehn C, Wolf C, et al.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2017; (76(2)):468-472 doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209841.

Mepacrine as successful monotherapy for refractory Jessner-Kanof disease: still an important drug in the dermatologic armamentarium.

Wuyts L, Dandelooy J, Siozopolou V, et al.

The Journal of dermatological treatment 2017; (28(3)):276-278 doi:10.1080/09546634.2016.1214668.

Case of Pediatric Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin.

Juhász M, Rogge M, Chen M, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2017; (34(1)):e54-e56 doi:10.1111/pde.13015.

Diffuse Bullous Eruptions in an Elderly Woman: Late-Onset Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Boddu P, Nadiri M, Malik O

Case reports in dermatology 2016; (8(3)):278-282 doi:10.1159/000448392.

Lipofilling: A New Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Lupus Panniculitis-Induced Atrophy.

Polivka L, Revol M, Battistella M, Bachelez H

Case reports in dermatology 2016; (8(3)):323-326 doi:10.1159/000452325.

A 12-year retrospective review of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus in cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Chanprapaph K, Sawatwarakul S, Vachiramon V

Lupus 2017; (26(12)):1278-1284 doi:10.1177/0961203317699714.

Unusual presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Mahesh E, Madhyastha PR, Varma V, et al.

Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia 2017; (28(3)):653-656 doi:10.4103/1319-2442.206468.

Lupus profundus limited to a site of trauma: Case report and review of the literature.

Castrillón MA, Murrell DF

International journal of women's dermatology 2017; (3(2)):117-120 doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.03.002.

Comparative Analysis of Chilblain Lupus Erythematosus and Idiopathic Perniosis: Histopathologic Features and Immunohistochemistry for CD123 and CD30.

Wang ML, Chan MP

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2018; (40(4)):265-271 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000000945.

Distinguishing Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita From Bullous Pemphigoid Without Direct Immunofluorescence.

Gardner KM, Crawford RI

Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery 2018; (22(1)):22-24 doi:10.1177/1203475417722734.

Clinical, histological, immunological presentations and outcomes of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: 10 New cases and a literature review of 118 cases.

de Risi-Pugliese T, Cohen Aubart F, Haroche J, et al.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2018; (48(1)):83-89 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.11.003.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinico-pathologic correlation.

Filotico R, Mastrandrea V

Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia 2018; (153(2)):216-229 doi:10.23736/S0392-0488.18.05929-1.

Neutrophils drive type I interferon production and autoantibodies in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Cervantes-Luevano KE, Caronni N, Castiello MC, et al.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2018; (142(5)):1605-1617.e4 doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.063.

Distinctive lupus panniculitis of scalp with linear alopecia along Blaschko's lines: a review of the literature.

Lueangarun S, Subpayasarn U, Tempark T

International journal of dermatology 2019; (58(2)):144-150 doi:10.1111/ijd.14155.

Lupus panniculitis: Clinicopathological features of a series of 12 patients.

González-Cruz C, Aparicio Español G, Ferrer Fàbrega B, et al.

Medicina clinica 2018; (151(11)):444-449 doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2018.06.024.

Utility of CD123 immunohistochemistry in differentiating lupus erythematosus from cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

Chen SJT, Tse JY, Harms PW, et al.

Histopathology 2019; (74(6)):908-916 doi:10.1111/his.13817.

Chilblain Lupus with Nail Involvement: A Case Report and a Brief Overview.

Lambertini M, Vincenzi C, Dika E, La Placa M

Skin appendage disorders 2018; (5(1)):42-45 doi:10.1159/000488543.

Assessment of Clinical Response to Janus Kinase Inhibition in Patients With Familial Chilblain Lupus and TREX1 Mutation.

Zimmermann N, Wolf C, Schwenke R, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2019; (155(3)):342-346 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5077.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus - a case report.

Padrão EMH, Teixeira LF, Maruta CW, et al.

Autopsy & case reports 2019; (9(1)):e2018069 doi:10.4322/acr.2018.069.

Coordination between innate immune cells, type I IFNs and IRF5 drives SLE pathogenesis.

Matta B, Barnes BJ

Cytokine 2020; (132()):154731 doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.018.

A review of cutaneous lupus erythematosus: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach.

Jarrett P, Werth VP

Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare 2019; (12()):419-428 doi:10.2147/JMDH.S179623.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus successfully treated with rituximab.

Lowe CD, Brahe CA, Green B, et al.

Cutis 2019; (103(6)):E5-E7.

Novel diagnostic imaging features of facial lupus panniculitis: ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging with histopathology correlate.

Kimball H, Kimball D, Siroy A, et al.

Clinical imaging 2019; (58()):177-181 doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.07.006.

Off-Label Use of Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors in Dermatologic Disorders.

Guenther L, Lynde C, Poulin Y

Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery 2019; (23(4_suppl)):27S-34S doi:10.1177/1203475419857668.

Investigating the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in cutaneous lesions of different subtypes of lupus erythematosus.

Safi R, Al-Hage J, Abbas O, et al.

Experimental dermatology 2019; (28(11)):1348-1352 doi:10.1111/exd.14040.

Lupus erythematosus tumidus: clinical perspectives.

Patsinakidis N, Kautz O, Gibbs BF, Raap U

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2019; (12()):707-719 doi:10.2147/CCID.S166723.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Management of Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis.

AlQadri NG, AlNooh B, AlTewerki MM, et al.

Cureus 2020; (12(1)):e6790 doi:10.7759/cureus.6790.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: factors related to cutaneous activity and damage in a cohort of 260 patients from A Coruña, Spain.

Arévalo-Bermúdez MDP, Paradela S, Balboa-Barreiro V, Fonseca E

Lupus 2020; (29(9)):1021-1030 doi:10.1177/0961203320930094.

Candidate drug replacements for quinacrine in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Yan D, Borucki R, Sontheimer RD, Werth VP

Lupus science & medicine 2020; (7(1)) doi:10.1136/lupus-2020-000430.

Type I interferonopathies with novel compound heterozygous TREX1 mutations in two siblings with different symptoms responded to tofacitinib.

Zhang S, Song J, Yang Y, et al.

Pediatric rheumatology online journal 2021; (19(1)):1 doi:10.1186/s12969-020-00490-1.

Diagnostic Value and Practicability of Serration Pattern Analysis by Direct Immunofluorescence Microscopy in Pemphigoid Diseases.

Holtsche MM, van Beek N, Künstner A, et al.

Acta dermato-venereologica 2021; (101(3)):adv00410 doi:10.2340/00015555-3748.

Investigating the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in septal and lobular cutaneous panniculitides.

Safi R, El Hasbani G, Bardawil T, et al.

International journal of dermatology 2021; (60(6)):724-729 doi:10.1111/ijd.15450.

Subepithelial autoimmune bullous dermatoses disease activity assessment and therapy.

Montagnon CM, Lehman JS, Murrell DF, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2021; (85(1)):18-27 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.161.

NKG2D and its ligands as cytotoxic factors in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Vorwerk G, Zahn S, Bieber T, Wenzel J

Experimental dermatology 2021; (30(6)):847-852 doi:10.1111/exd.14311.

Efficacy and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Type I Interferon-Mediated Monogenic Autoinflammatory Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Gómez-Arias PJ, Gómez-García F, Hernández-Parada J, et al.

Dermatology and therapy 2021; (11(3)):733-750 doi:10.1007/s13555-021-00517-9.

Depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells reduces local type I interferon responses and disease activity in patients with cutaneous lupus.

Karnell JL, Wu Y, Mittereder N, et al.

Science translational medicine 2021; (13(595)) doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8442.

Guideline for the diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Lu Q, Long H, Chow S, et al.

Journal of autoimmunity 2021; (123()):102707 doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102707.

Severe Ulcerative Perniosis Treated With Abobotulium Toxin.

Golub S, Foulke G, Helm M

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD 2021; (20(12)):1350-1351 doi:10.36849/jdd.6176.

Chilblains in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a review.

Dubey S, Joshi N, Stevenson O, et al.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2022; (61(12)):4631-4642 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keac231.

Successful treatment of bullous lupus with corticosteroids and belimumab: A case report.

Keshavamurthy C, Fibeger E, Virata A, Bansal P

Modern rheumatology case reports 2023; (7(1)):52-56 doi:10.1093/mrcr/rxac046.

Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus: Clinical and Pathological Features in a Series of 20 Patients.

Magaña M, Castellanos G, Meurehg CC, Magaña-Mainero MR

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2022; (44(7)):469-477 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000002019.

Current Concepts on Pathogenic Mechanisms and Histopathology in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Fetter T, Braegelmann C, de Vos L, Wenzel J

Frontiers in medicine 2022; (9()):915828 doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.915828.

[Pharmacological actions of anifrolumab (Saphnelo®) and clinical trial results as a treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus].

Ueha T, Kusuda M, Shibata S, et al.

Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica 2022; (157(4)):271-279 doi:10.1254/fpj.22026.

Clusters of clinical and immunologic features in patients with bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: experience from a single-center cohort study in China.

Qiao L, Zhang B, Zheng W, et al.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2022; (17(1)):290 doi:10.1186/s13023-022-02445-z.

Dermoscopic Features of Acute, Subacute, Chronic and Intermittent Subtypes of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in Caucasians.

Żychowska M, Reich A

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(14)) doi:10.3390/jcm11144088.

A Rare Manifestation of Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Children: A 10-year Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Panombualert S, Techasatian L, Uppala R, et al.

Autoimmune diseases 2022; (2022()):9388745 doi:10.1155/2022/9388745.

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus in females.

Sprow G, Afarideh M, Dan J, et al.

International journal of women's dermatology 2022; (8(3)):e034 doi:10.1097/JW9.0000000000000034.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-triggered conversion from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to bullous SLE and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors-associated bullous pemphigoid.

Nakahara Y, Yamane M, Sunada M, Aoyama Y

The Journal of dermatology 2023; (50(2)):162-165 doi:10.1111/1346-8138.16687.

Autoimmune Skin Conditions: Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Foulke G, Helm LA, Clebak KT, Helm M

FP essentials 2023; (526()):25-36.

Panoramic view of clinical features of lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional multicentre study from China.

Jin H, Zhou S, Yu Y, et al.

Lupus science & medicine 2023; (10(1)) doi:10.1136/lupus-2022-000819.

Refractory Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Successfully Treated with Rituximab: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Ratanapokasatit Y, Seree-Aphinan C, Chanprapaph K

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2023; (16()):883-890 doi:10.2147/CCID.S403866.

Meloxicam inhibits STING phosphorylation and alleviates intracellular DNA-mediated autoimmune responses.

Yu Y, Wang M, Li XW, et al.

Cell & bioscience 2023; (13(1)):76 doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01025-3.

Hemolysis and Metabolic Lesion of G6PD Deficient RBCs in Response to Dapsone Hydroxylamine in a Humanized Mouse Model.

Dziewulska KH, Reisz JA, Hay AM, et al.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2023; (386(3)):323-330 doi:10.1124/jpet.123.001634.

LINE-1: an emerging initiator of cGAS-STING signalling and inflammation that is dysregulated in disease.

Mathavarajah S, Dellaire G

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire 2024; (102(1)):38-46 doi:10.1139/bcb-2023-0134.

Lupus Erythematosus Profundus with Multiple Overlying Cutaneous Ulcerations: A Rare Case.

Sutedja E, Widjaya MRH, Dharmadji HP, et al.

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2023; (16()):2721-2726 doi:10.2147/CCID.S430068.

Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis: A Rare Case Report.

Ali AM, Doğan A, Ali MA, Aden AI

International medical case reports journal 2023; (16()):715-717 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S413740.

Role of neutrophils in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Yamamoto T

The Journal of dermatology 2024; (51(2)):180-184 doi:10.1111/1346-8138.17036.

Case series of anifrolumab for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and lupus-related mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with SLE.

Bao A, Petri MA, Fava A, Kang J

Lupus science & medicine 2023; (10(2)) doi:10.1136/lupus-2023-001007.

Atorvastatin-induced Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Trčko K, Lukinovič N, Luzar B

Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC 2023; (31(3)):125-132.

Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus as a Distinct Uncommon Subtype of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Review.

Camisa C, Papavero V

Cureus 2024; (16(4)):e59140 doi:10.7759/cureus.59140.

Ontogeny and Function of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.

Adams NM, Das A, Yun TJ, Reizis B

Annual review of immunology 2024; (42(1)):347-373 doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-041105.

Hydroxychloroquine-induced generalized myopathy in a patient with lupus tumidus: a case report.

Verdelli A, Massi D, Maio V, et al.

Dermatology reports 2024; (16(2)):9771 doi:10.4081/dr.2023.9771.

Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus Misdiagnosed as Erythema Nodosum from Coccidioidomycosis.

Garcia B, Hasnaoui A, Ramdass PVAK

Case reports in dermatology 2024; (16(1)):128-132 doi:10.1159/000538737.

A novel TREX1 inhibitor, VB-85680, upregulates cellular interferon responses.

Flowers S, Petronella BA, McQueney MS, et al.

PloS one 2024; (19(8)):e0305962 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0305962.

Severity Scores for Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.

Cepica TB, Gupta R, Werth VP, Chong BF

The Journal of investigative dermatology 2024; (144(11)):2354-2363 doi:10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.032.

Chilblain lupus erythematosus triggered by UV nail lamp exposure: A case series. Chilblain lupus and nail lamp.

Ordoñez-Rubiano MF, Gutiérrez-Marín PA

Lupus 2024; (33(12)):1379-1382 doi:10.1177/09612033241281610.

[Translated article] Use of Anifrolumab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus, and Other Autoimmune Dermatoses.

Martín-Torregrosa D, Mansilla-Polo M, Morgado-Carrasco D

Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2025; (116(1)):T55-T67 doi:10.1016/j.ad.2024.10.008.

A case report of lupus panniculitis-induced facial lipoatrophy successfully treated with injectable hyaluronic acid.

Green R, Hardin J, Robertson L, Remington T

SAGE open medical case reports 2024; (12()):2050313X241304879 doi:10.1177/2050313X241304879.

Clinical, Histopathological, and Therapeutic Features in Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus: A Retrospective Study.

La Rotta-Higuera E, Morgado-Carrasco D, Mansilla-Polo M, et al.

Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2025; (116(6)):628-632 doi:10.1016/j.ad.2024.02.038.

Clinical, Histopathological, and Therapeutic Features in Lupus Erythematosus Tumidus: A Retrospective Study.

la Rotta-Higuera E, Morgado-Carrasco D, Mansilla-Polo M, et al.

Actas dermo-sifiliograficas 2025; (116(6)):T628-T632 doi:10.1016/j.ad.2025.03.014.

Chilblain Lupus Masquerading as Tinea Pedis.

Al Qassimi S, Abdulla F, Elarabi M, Namas R

Oman medical journal 2024; (39(6)):e702 doi:10.5001/omj.2024.38.

From Prescription to Predicament: A Case of Semaglutide-Induced Discoid Lupus Erythematosus in an Adult Male Patient.

Nazzicone K, Sidiropoulos M, O'Toole A

Cureus 2025; (17(4)):e81663 doi:10.7759/cureus.81663.

Efficacy and safety of calcineurin inhibitors in cutaneous lupus: a systematic review and brief meta-analysis of recommended concentration, type, and outcomes.

Alshathri AH, Abdellatif RA, Alshathri AH, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2025; (87(5)):2880-2888 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000003047.

Anifrolumab for refractory discoid lupus: Two case reports of successful outcomes in Saudi Arabia.

Aljohani R

Medicine 2025; (104(20)):e42518 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000042518.

[Lupus erythematosus].

Strunz PP, Schmalzing M, Goebeler M, Schmieder A

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) 2025; (76(9)):582-600 doi:10.1007/s00105-025-05554-5.

Combined Intraepidermal-Intranuclear IgG and "Full-House" Immunoreactant Deposition at the Dermoepidermal Junction in Patients With Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Ho JD, Charles J, Welch J, et al.

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2025; (47(11)):840-845 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000003098.

Type VII Collagen Disorders Simplified.

Camisa C

Cutis 2025; (116(2)):205-209, 214, E3-E4 doi:10.12788/cutis.1267.

Focus on Interferon Signature in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Novel Therapies From Better Understanding of the Pathogenesis.

Gao M, Zhang N, Xia Y

Journal of immunology research 2025; (2025()):5600731 doi:10.1155/jimr/5600731.

Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus As the Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Kydyralieva C

Cureus 2025; (17(9)):e93114 doi:10.7759/cureus.93114.

P13 The cellulitis that wasn't: a case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma in a toddler.

Ramwani M, Solman L

The British journal of dermatology 2025; (193(Suppl 3)) doi:10.1093/bjd/ljaf465.021.

From the Masterclasses in Dermatology 2025 Meeting: Practical Approaches to Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus for Dermatologists.

Childs B, Merola JF

The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology 2025; (18(10)):40-47.

A Rare Case of Extensive Oral Involvement in Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

Resmi T, Suwarsa O, Sufiawati I

International medical case reports journal 2025; (18()):1685-1691 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S566615.

Chilblain lupus: A rare form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus - A case report.

Perazzolli G, Banchetti E, Melis E, et al.

SAGE open medical case reports 2026; (14()):2050313X261415591 doi:10.1177/2050313X261415591.

A Diagnostic Pitfall: Lupus Mastitis Presenting Before Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Mohammed SR, Capildeo K, Davis-King K, Barrow M

Case reports in rheumatology 2026; (2026()):5593452 doi:10.1155/crrh/5593452.