Research & Literature

[SPECIFIC CLINICAL FEATURES OF TYPE 1 AUTOIMMUNE POLYGLANDULAR SYNDROME].

Mikhina MS, Molashenko NV, Troshina EA, et al.

Klinicheskaia meditsina 2015; (93(8)):55-9.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Bornstein SR, Allolio B, Arlt W, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2016; (101(2)):364-89 doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1710.

Delayed diagnosis with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 causing acute adrenal crisis: A case report.

Wang X, Ping F, Qi C, Xiao X

Medicine 2016; (95(42)):e5062 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005062.

Adrenal crises: perspectives and research directions.

Rushworth RL, Torpy DJ, Falhammar H

Endocrine 2017; (55(2)):336-345 doi:10.1007/s12020-016-1204-2.

Assessment of autoantibodies to interferon-ω in patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: using a new immunoprecipitation assay.

Larosa MDP, Mackenzie R, Burne P, et al.

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2017; (55(7)):1003-1012.

Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Coping in Long-Standing Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 Patients.

Rodrigues KC, Toledo RA, Coutinho FL, et al.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association 2017; (27(5)):693-706 doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0148.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Autoimmune Gastritis.

Cellini M, Santaguida MG, Virili C, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2017; (8()):92 doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00092.

Adrenal insufficiency - recognition and management.

Pazderska A, Pearce SH

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2017; (17(3)):258-262 doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.17-3-258.

One year in review 2017: systemic lupus erythematosus.

La Paglia GMC, Leone MC, Lepri G, et al.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2017; (35(4)):551-561.

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes.

Kahaly GJ, Frommer L

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2018; (41(1)):91-98 doi:10.1007/s40618-017-0740-9.

Financial burden is associated with worse health-related quality of life in adults with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Peipert BJ, Goswami S, Helenowski I, et al.

Surgery 2017; (162(6)):1278-1285 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2017.07.010.

Autoantibodies against the calcium-sensing receptor and cytokines in autoimmune polyglandular syndromes types 2, 3 and 4.

Kemp EH, Kahaly GJ, Porter JA, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2018; (88(1)):139-145 doi:10.1111/cen.13482.

Cardiac tamponade in a patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.

Vryonidou A, Paschou SA, Dimitropoulou F, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2017; (2017()) doi:10.1530/EDM-17-0097.

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: Managing Mineralocorticoid Replacement Therapy.

Esposito D, Pasquali D, Johannsson G

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2018; (103(2)):376-387 doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01928.

Neuroendocrine and neurophysiological effects of interleukin 6 in rheumatoid arthritis.

Choy EHS, Calabrese LH

Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2018; (57(11)):1885-1895 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kex391.

SFE/SFEDP adrenal insufficiency French consensus: Introduction and handbook.

Reznik Y, Barat P, Bertherat J, et al.

Annales d'endocrinologie 2018; (79(1)):1-22 doi:10.1016/j.ando.2017.12.001.

Autoimmune hepatitis.

Mieli-Vergani G, Vergani D, Czaja AJ, et al.

Nature reviews. Disease primers 2018; (4()):18017 doi:10.1038/nrdp.2018.17.

The natural history of autoimmune Addison's disease from the detection of autoantibodies to development of the disease: a long-term follow-up study on 143 patients.

Naletto L, Frigo AC, Ceccato F, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2019; (180(3)):223-234.

A rare case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome with Sjögren's syndrome and primary hypoparathyroidism.

Iizuka K, Mizuno M, Nonomura K, Yabe D

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(5)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-228634.

Adrenal crisis: prevention and management in adult patients.

Dineen R, Thompson CJ, Sherlock M

Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism 2019; (10()):2042018819848218 doi:10.1177/2042018819848218.

A RARE CASE OF SEVERE TYPE 4 POLYGLANDULAR AUTOIMMUNE SYNDROME IN A YOUNG ADULT.

Mihalache L, Arhire LI, Gherasim A, et al.

Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005) 2016; (12(1)):104-110 doi:10.4183/aeb.2016.104.

Health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Katchamart W, Narongroeknawin P, Chanapai W, Thaweeratthakul P

BMC rheumatology 2019; (3()):34 doi:10.1186/s41927-019-0080-9.

A Patient with Type 3 Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome who Developed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 8 years after the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Mifune-Morioka T, Uchida HA, Fukushima K, et al.

Acta medica Okayama 2019; (73(4)):367-372 doi:10.18926/AMO/56940.

Autoimmune polyglandular diseases.

Kahaly GJ, Frommer L

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2019; (33(6)):101344 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2019.101344.

Clinical management of autoimmune hepatitis.

Pape S, Schramm C, Gevers TJ

United European gastroenterology journal 2019; (7(9)):1156-1163 doi:10.1177/2050640619872408.

Thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity: Pathophysiology and implications for patient management.

Lahner E, Conti L, Cicone F, et al.

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2020; (34(1)):101373 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2019.101373.

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome type 2.

Martins SC, Venade G, Teixeira M, et al.

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2019; (65(12)):1434-1437 doi:10.1590/1806-9282.65.12.1434.

Autoimmune Addison's disease.

Saverino S, Falorni A

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2020; (34(1)):101379 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101379.

Prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in polyglandular autoimmune syndromes type II and III.

Pham-Dobor G, Hanák L, Hegyi P, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2020; (43(9)):1-9 doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01229-1.

Autoimmune Hepatitis: 2019 Update.

Tanaka A

Gut and liver 2020; (14(4)):430-438 doi:10.5009/gnl19261.

First proof of association between autoimmune polyglandular syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia in humans.

Manso J, Censi S, Iacobone M, et al.

Endocrine journal 2020; (67(9)):929-934 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ20-0099.

A rare simultaneous manifestation of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II.

Dick M, Croxson M

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2020; (2020()).

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APECED) in the Indian population: case report and review of a series of 45 patients.

Fierabracci A, Arena A, Toto F, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2021; (44(4)):661-677 doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01376-5.

AAV9-mediated AIRE gene delivery clears circulating antibodies and tissue T-cell infiltration in a mouse model of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1.

Almaghrabi S, Azzouz M, Tazi Ahnini R

Clinical & translational immunology 2020; (9(9)):e1166 doi:10.1002/cti2.1166.

A rare case of coexistence of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 with growth hormone deficiency and hyperthyroidism in a patient with pseudo-Turner's syndrome.

Zhou W, Lin H, Chen M, Ning J

The Journal of international medical research 2020; (48(10)):300060520961684 doi:10.1177/0300060520961684.

Relationship between disease activity, organ damage and health-related quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Shi Y, Li M, Liu L, et al.

Autoimmunity reviews 2021; (20(1)):102691 doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102691.

[The prevalence of newly diagnosed autoimmune diseases among patients with Graves' disease and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome of adults].

Troshina EA, Larina AA, Sheremeta MS, Malisheva NM

Terapevticheskii arkhiv 2020; (92(10)):9-14 doi:10.26442/00403660.2020.10.000737.

EndoERN patient survey on their perception of health care experience and of unmet needs for rare endocrine diseases.

Webb SM, Kristensen J, Vitali D, et al.

Endocrine 2021; (71(3)):569-577 doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02625-0.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: an Italian survey on 158 patients.

Garelli S, Dalla Costa M, Sabbadin C, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2021; (44(11)):2493-2510 doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01585-6.

Multiplex Autoantibody Detection in Patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes.

Savvateeva EN, Yukina MY, Nuralieva NF, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2021; (22(11)) doi:10.3390/ijms22115502.

Novel Gene Mutations Regulating Immune Responses in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome With an Atypical Course.

Yukina M, Erofeeva T, Nuralieva N, et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2021; (5(8)):bvab077 doi:10.1210/jendso/bvab077.

LUPUS-BEST-treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: study protocol for a three-armed cluster-randomised trial.

Mucke J, Kuss O, Brinks R, et al.

Lupus science & medicine 2021; (8(1)) doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000516.

Adrenal crisis and mortality rate in adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Lousada LM, Mendonca BB, Bachega TASS

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2021; (65(4)):488-494.

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy.

Ferré EMN, Schmitt MM, Lionakis MS

Frontiers in pediatrics 2021; (9()):723532 doi:10.3389/fped.2021.723532.

A case report: subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord and pernicious anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis.

Sun Z, Yu X

Medicine 2022; (101(26)):e29226 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000029226.

Characterisation of APS-1 Experimental Models Is Crucial for Development of Novel Therapies.

Almaghrabi S, Lovewell T, Azzouz M, Tazi Ahnini R

BioMed research international 2023; (2023()):7960443 doi:10.1155/2023/7960443.

Acute adrenal crisis precipitated by thyroid storm in a patient with undiagnosed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.

Lassoued N, Alaya W, Rebai S, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2023; (2023(2)).

Evaluation of a large set of patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome from a single reference centre in context of different classifications.

Gatta E, Maltese V, Cimino E, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2024; (47(4)):857-864 doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02200-6.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 4: experience from a single reference center.

Gatta E, Anelli V, Cimino E, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2023; (14()):1236878 doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1236878.

A Case of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 3B and Peripheral Neuropathy Due to Thiamine Deficiency.

Suzuki A, Hayashi K, Hayashi M, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(1)):e52123 doi:10.7759/cureus.52123.

Analysis of the AIRE Gene Promoter in Patients Affected by Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes.

Cudini A, Nardella C, Bellacchio E, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2024; (25(5)) doi:10.3390/ijms25052656.

Challenges in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 with the full triad induced by anti-programmed cell death 1: a case report and review of the literature.

Pan Q, Li P

Frontiers in immunology 2024; (15()):1366335 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366335.

A patient diagnosed with new-onset type 1 diabetes and Addison's disease at initial presentation.

Towslee E, Macdonald A, Shoar Z

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2024; (2024(2)).

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome with shock and high anion gap metabolic acidosis.

Kounatidis D, Kontos G, Kotsi E, et al.

The American journal of the medical sciences 2024; (368(2)):162-166 doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2024.05.019.

An uncommon presentation of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1)-A case report.

Alrufaidi AM, Alnashery MM, Alghanimi AA, et al.

Clinical case reports 2024; (12(6)):e9015 doi:10.1002/ccr3.9015.

Rituximab is a safe and effective alternative treatment for patients with autoimmune hepatitis: Results from the ColHai registry.

Riveiro-Barciela M, Barreira-Díaz A, Esteban P, et al.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2024; (44(9)):2303-2314 doi:10.1111/liv.15970.

A Silent Cause of Shock: Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes.

Colantonio MA, Hartzell M, Shannon B, Iyer A

European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2024; (11(6)):004627 doi:10.12890/2024_004627.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Manoharan J, Albers MB, Rinke A, et al.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2024; (121(16)):527-533.

Increased frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) compared to isolated autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus: A real-life study.

Radellini S, Vigneri E, Ferreri O, et al.

Diabetes research and clinical practice 2024; (213()):111746 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111746.

Emotional intelligence: a novel predictor of quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Karagianni DM, Simopoulou T, Bogdanos D, Sakkas LI

Rheumatology international 2024; (44(10)):1967-1974 doi:10.1007/s00296-024-05656-8.

Pernicious anemia is a common cause of cobalamin deficiency-caused megaloblastic anemia in Hainan, China.

Shen M, Luo X, Wu C, et al.

Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2024; (29(1)):2399375 doi:10.1080/16078454.2024.2399375.

Where AIRE we now? Where AIRE we going?

Bez P, Ceraudo M, Vianello F, et al.

Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 2024; (24(6)):448-456 doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000001041.

The Putative Role of TIM-3 Variants in Polyendocrine Autoimmunity: Insights from a WES Investigation.

Ariolli A, Agolini E, Mazza T, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2024; (25(20)) doi:10.3390/ijms252010994.

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3: A Case Report.

Subtil J, Carvalho R, Rebelo AF, Subtil P

Cureus 2024; (16(12)):e76152 doi:10.7759/cureus.76152.

Diverse clinical manifestations and management strategies in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome: a review of cases.

Lalrehman U, Hamza HM, Malik MM, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2025; (87(5)):2774-2783 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000003207.

Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review.

Vaidya A, Findling J, Bancos I

JAMA 2025; (334(8)):714-725 doi:10.1001/jama.2025.5485.

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 Presentation with Alopecia Universalis, Hashimoto's Disease, and Addison's Disease.

Sales-Morales KD, Torres-Neme N, Barrera-Villanueva V, Martínez-Carreón A

International medical case reports journal 2025; (18()):719-725 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S515059.

Where Do We Stand in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis Ahead of EULAR/ACR 2025?

Vlad AL, Popazu C, Lescai AM, et al.

Clinics and practice 2025; (15(6)) doi:10.3390/clinpract15060103.

Thyroxine Reveals Addison's Disease: A Case Report.

Tsinopoulou VR, Kolanis S, Katsarou D, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(6)):e86299 doi:10.7759/cureus.86299.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome among Chinese celiac disease patients: a survey of 243 individuals in China.

Xue S, Feng Y, Shi T, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2025; (16()):1606237 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1606237.

Health-related quality of life of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 patients: A mixed methods systematic review.

Salomé V, Antoine J, Côme L, et al.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) 2025; (227()):115671 doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.115671.

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3 and Overlapping Autoimmune Endocrinopathies: A Case Report.

Nagarajan DR, Mani Jacob D, Ottu Para NK

Cureus 2025; (17(7)):e88574 doi:10.7759/cureus.88574.

Slow Evolution of Non-Familial Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II in A 54-Year-Old Female, First Presenting with Addison's Disease, then Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, which then Transitioned to Graves' Disease and then the Development of Type 1 Diabetes.

E'leimat G, Nguyen TH, Thawani H

European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2025; (12(10)):005779 doi:10.12890/2025_005779.

Case Report: Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 4 involving diabetes mellitus type 1, autoimmune hepatitis, immune thrombocytopenia, and celiac disease.

Nesterowicz M, Anikiej K, Borysewicz-Sańczyk H, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2025; (16()):1655483 doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1655483.

Long-term follow-up of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Norway.

Kucuka I, Wolff ASB, Breivik L, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2026; (111(7)):1927-1939 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgag060.

When eye disease affects the mind: Psychological burden and functioning in autoimmune ophthalmology.

Capobianco M, Zeppieri M, Nicolosi SG, et al.

World journal of clinical cases 2026; (14(4)):117692 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i4.117692.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Seronegative Autoimmune Hepatitis With Concurrent Graves Disease and Immune Thrombocytopenia.

McLeod B, Walia N, Rao V, et al.

ACG case reports journal 2026; (13(3)):e02054 doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000002054.

Acute-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in a Patient With Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 3A Following Influenza A Infection: A Case Report.

Doi S, Kenzaka T, Kiriishi N, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(3)):e104545 doi:10.7759/cureus.104545.

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type II.

Gandhi P, Gandhi P, Solanki S, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(6)):e110735 doi:10.7759/cureus.110735.

MCCs in adults with autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases: evidence to date and future directions.

Singh N, Gurwitz JH, Lieber SB

Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease 2026; (18()):1759720X261462685 doi:10.1177/1759720X261462685.

Under-recognition of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes in T1DM: results from an extended screening workup.

Velardi V, Sanson L, Toffoli B, et al.

Endocrine 2026; (91(1)).