Research & Literature

Predicting success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy: validation of the ETV Success Score in a mixed population of adult and pediatric patients.

Labidi M, Lavoie P, Lapointe G, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery 2015; (123(6)):1447-55 doi:10.3171/2014.12.JNS141240.

Lower rates of symptom recurrence and surgical revision after primary compared with secondary endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis in adults.

Sankey EW, Goodwin CR, Jusué-Torres I, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery 2016; (124(5)):1413-20 doi:10.3171/2015.4.JNS15129.

Spontaneous third ventriculostomy 8 years after diagnosis of obstructive hydrocephalus.

Öğrenci A, Ekşi MŞ, Koban O

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2016; (32(9)):1727-30 doi:10.1007/s00381-016-3096-0.

Hydrocephalus in children.

Rekate HL, Blitz AM

Handbook of clinical neurology 2016; (136()):1261-73.

Surgical treatment of long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA).

Ved R, Leach P, Patel C

Acta neurochirurgica 2017; (159(1)):71-79 doi:10.1007/s00701-016-2998-7.

Three-Dimensional Constructive Interference in Steady State Sequences and Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Arrested Hydrocephalus.

Elkafrawy F, Reda I, Elsirafy M, et al.

World neurosurgery 2017; (98()):296-302 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.10.140.

The durability of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunts in children with hydrocephalus following posterior fossa tumor resection: a systematic review and time-to-failure analysis.

Dewan MC, Lim J, Shannon CN, Wellons JC

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2017; (19(5)):578-584 doi:10.3171/2017.1.PEDS16536.

Anatomical subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN cohort: ventriculomegaly.

Griffiths PD, Brackley K, Bradburn M, et al.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017; (50(6)):736-744 doi:10.1002/uog.17475.

Hydrocephalus due to multiple ependymal malformations is caused by mutations in the MPDZ gene.

Saugier-Veber P, Marguet F, Lecoquierre F, et al.

Acta neuropathologica communications 2017; (5(1)):36 doi:10.1186/s40478-017-0438-4.

Hydrocephalus presenting as idiopathic aqueductal stenosis with subsequent development of obstructive tumor: report of 2 cases demonstrating the importance of serial imaging.

Roland JL, Price RL, Kamath AA, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2017; (20(4)):329-333 doi:10.3171/2017.5.PEDS1779.

Letter: Spontaneous Third Ventriculostomy in a Patient Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Abdulsalam HA, Nissiri F, Das S

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) 2018; (14(2)):E26-E27 doi:10.1093/ons/opx268.

Congenital Aqueductal Stenosis: Findings at Fetal MRI That Accurately Predict a Postnatal Diagnosis.

Heaphy-Henault KJ, Guimaraes CV, Mehollin-Ray AR, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2018; (39(5)):942-948 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5590.

Clinical Outcomes of Isolated Congenital Aqueductal Stenosis.

Tonetti DA, Richter B, Andrews E, et al.

World neurosurgery 2018; (114()):e976-e981 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.123.

Successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children depends on age and etiology of hydrocephalus: outcome analysis in 51 pediatric patients.

Duru S, Peiro JL, Oria M, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2018; (34(8)):1521-1528 doi:10.1007/s00381-018-3811-0.

Phase-contrast and three-dimensional driven equilibrium (3D-DRIVE) sequences in the assessment of paediatric obstructive hydrocephalus.

Mohammad SA, Osman NM, Khalil RM

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2018; (34(11)):2223-2231 doi:10.1007/s00381-018-3850-6.

Clinical and genetic features of L1 syndrome patients: Definition of two novel mutations.

Isik E, Onay H, Atik T, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2018; (172()):20-23 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.06.007.

International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS): 5-year health outcome results of a prospective, multicenter comparison of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and shunt for infant hydrocephalus.

Kulkarni AV, Sgouros S, Leitner Y, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2018; (34(12)):2391-2397 doi:10.1007/s00381-018-3896-5.

Two novel pathogenic variants of L1CAM gene in two fetuses with isolated X‑linked hydrocephaly: A case report.

Xie B, Luo J, Lei Y, et al.

Molecular medicine reports 2018; (18(6)):5760-5764 doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.9583.

Isolated Antenatal Hydrocephalus After Fetal Exposure to Misoprostol: Teratogenic Effect of the Cytotec?

Beuriat PA, Cattiaux L, Guibaud L, et al.

World neurosurgery 2019; (124()):98-100 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.177.

A Case of Spontaneous Third Ventriculocisternostomy to the Interpeduncular Fossa.

Timmers AAC, Bos EM, Dammers R

World neurosurgery 2019; (127()):530-533 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.142.

Shunt independence in paediatric hydrocephalus: our 16-year experience and review.

Iglesias S, Ros B, Ibáñez G, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2019; (35(9)):1547-1555 doi:10.1007/s00381-019-04267-0.

Aqueductal Developmental Venous Anomaly Presenting with Mimic Symptoms of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report.

Kita D, Park C, Hayashi Y

NMC case report journal 2019; (6(3)):83-86 doi:10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2018-0244.

A case of developing obstructive hydrocephalus following aqueductal stenosis caused by developmental venous anomalies.

Higa N, Dwiutomo R, Oyoshi T, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2020; (36(7)):1549-1555 doi:10.1007/s00381-019-04489-2.

Cranial and ventricular size following shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in infants with aqueductal stenosis: further insights from the International Infant Hydrocephalus Study (IIHS).

Coulter IC, Kulkarni AV, Sgouros S, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2020; (36(7)):1407-1414 doi:10.1007/s00381-020-04503-y.

Simultanagnosia as the presenting symptom in neuro-ophthalmology.

Wang R, Hopping G, Al Othman B, et al.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) 2020; (33(1)):105-107 doi:10.1080/08998280.2019.1656013.

Obstructive hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis from developmental venous anomaly draining bilateral medial thalami: a case report.

Xian Z, Fung SH, Nakawah MO

Radiology case reports 2020; (15(6)):730-732 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2020.02.014.

External validation of the ETV success score in 313 pediatric patients: a Brazilian single-center study.

Furtado LMF, da Costa Val Filho JA, Dos Santos Júnior EC

Neurosurgical review 2021; (44(5)):2727-2734 doi:10.1007/s10143-020-01461-6.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children: problems and surgical outcome: analysis of 34 cases.

Rahman MM, Khan SIMKN, Khan RA, et al.

Chinese neurosurgical journal 2021; (7(1)):3 doi:10.1186/s41016-020-00228-8.

Porencephalic cyst after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and Ommaya reservoir placement: case report and review of the literature.

Dominguez JF, Shah S, Li B, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2021; (37(9)):2917-2921 doi:10.1007/s00381-021-05042-w.

Hydrocephalus Caused by Primary Fourth Ventricle Outlet Obstruction: Our Experience and Literature Review.

Krejčí O, Krejčí T, Mrůzek M, et al.

World neurosurgery 2021; (148()):e425-e435 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2021.01.008.

A case of rapid deterioration in a subacute period after endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

Ichinose T, Hayashi Y, Sasagawa Y, et al.

British journal of neurosurgery 2024; (38(2)):447-450 doi:10.1080/02688697.2021.1885624.

Transcranial ultrasonography as a reliable instrument for the measurement of the cerebral ventricles in rats with experimental hydrocephalus: a pilot study.

de Moura Silva GAP, da Silva SC, da Silva Beggiora P, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2021; (37(6)):1863-1869 doi:10.1007/s00381-021-05070-6.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) for hydrocephalus of infancy: a technical review.

Coulter IC, Dewan MC, Tailor J, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2021; (37(11)):3509-3519 doi:10.1007/s00381-021-05209-5.

Long-Standing Overt Ventriculomegaly in Adults (LOVA): Diagnostic Aspects, CSF Dynamics with Lumbar Infusion Test and Treatment Options in a Consecutive Series with Long-Term Follow-Up.

Tuniz F, Fabbro S, Piccolo D, et al.

World neurosurgery 2021; (156()):e30-e40 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.068.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the treatment of hydrocephalus: A 20-year retrospective analysis of 209 consecutive cases.

Faquini IV, Fonseca RB, Correia AO, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2021; (12()):383 doi:10.25259/SNI_458_2021.

Cognitive and gait outcomes after primary endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with chronic obstructive hydrocephalus.

Zwimpfer TJ, Salterio N, Williams MA, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery 2022; (136(3)):887-894 doi:10.3171/2021.3.JNS203424.

Surgical Outcome of CSF Drainage in Paediatric Obstructive Hydrocephalus.

Das S, Rashid MM, Khan SI, et al.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2021; (30(4)):1146-1153.

The Role of Early Postoperative Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Predicting the Outcome of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Performed in Infants With Congenital Hydrocephalus: A Prospective Analysis.

Yadav A, Verma R

Cureus 2022; (14(2)):e22354 doi:10.7759/cureus.22354.

Open-aqueduct LOVA, LIAS, iNPH: a comparative clinical-radiological study exploring the "grey zone" between different forms of chronic adulthood hydrocephalus.

Palandri G, Carretta A, La Corte E, et al.

Acta neurochirurgica 2022; (164(7)):1777-1788 doi:10.1007/s00701-022-05215-9.

Tectal Plate Gliomas Masquerading as Idiopathic Aqueduct Stenosis.

Afshari FT, English M, Lo WB

World neurosurgery 2022; (165()):92-94 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.063.

Mesencephalic developmental venous anomaly causing obstructive hydrocephalus: illustrative case.

Hiraga K, Hayashi S, Oshima R, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons 2023; (5(12)).

CSF dynamics in long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults.

Pirina A, Jusue-Torres I, Desestret V, et al.

Neurosurgical focus 2023; (54(4)):E8 doi:10.3171/2023.1.FOCUS22642.

Late-onset aqueductal membranous occlusion treated neuroendoscopic procedure and consideration of its pathological findings: A case report.

Nakamura K, Kuge A, Yamaki T, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2023; (14()):98 doi:10.25259/SNI_37_2023.

Predicting endoscopic third ventriculostomy success in pediatric shunt dysfunction: a monocentric retrospective case series of 70 consecutive children, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

Guida L, Grenier-Chartrand F, Benichi S, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2023; (32(6)):638-648 doi:10.3171/2023.9.PEDS23208.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for paediatric hydrocephalus due to primary aqueductal stenosis.

Konar S, Singha S, Shukla D, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2024; (40(3)):685-693 doi:10.1007/s00381-023-06210-w.

Long-Standing Overt Ventriculomegaly in Adults (LOVA) With Absent Septum Pellucidum and Spontaneous Ventriculostomy: Report of a Rare Case.

Seong J, Akmal R, Nigora K

Cureus 2024; (16(1)):e52292 doi:10.7759/cureus.52292.

Aqueductal developmental venous anomaly causing obstructive hydrocephalus: A case report and review of the literature.

Hayashi T, Uchino A, Tokushige K, Baba Y

Radiology case reports 2024; (19(5)):2024-2030 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.023.

A female case of L1 syndrome that may have developed due to skewed X inactivation.

Mori T, Nakano M, Tayama T, et al.

Brain & development 2024; (46(6)):230-233 doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2024.03.001.

Third Ventricle Diameter Is Inversely Related to Thalamic Massa Intermedia Thickness in Hydrocephalus Caused by Congenital Aqueductal Stenosis.

Simsek O, Manteghinejad A, Kotha A, Whitehead MT

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2024; (45(9)):1316-1321 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A8340.

Long-Term Success of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in the Pediatric Population with Aqueductal Stenosis.

García-Milán V, Moreno-Madueño G, Urreta Juárez G, et al.

World neurosurgery 2024; (189()):e364-e369 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.056.

Atypical Presentation of Longstanding Overt Ventriculomegaly in Adults: A Case Report.

Navarro Garcia E, Al-Rubaye H, Norton B, Sahib Din J

Cureus 2024; (16(4)):e58533 doi:10.7759/cureus.58533.

Prognostic factors for endoscopic third ventriculostomy success in hydrocephalus with myelomeningocele.

Macedo FAMC, Giannetti AV, Vandi HHS

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2024; (40(11)):3615-3620 doi:10.1007/s00381-024-06542-1.

Obstructive hydrocephalus due to developmental venous anomalies: a pediatric imaging case series.

Mertiri L, Singh V, Gentile F, et al.

Neuroradiology 2025; (67(2)):493-497 doi:10.1007/s00234-024-03484-y.

The clinical spectrum and management outcome of adult-onset aqueductal stenosis: Insight from South-West Nigeria.

Komolafe EO, Ezeaku CO, Ejembi GO, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2024; (15()):360 doi:10.25259/SNI_635_2024.

Mesencephalosynapsis and aqueductal stenosis.

Fisher Y, Shannon P, Greenberg O, et al.

Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology 2025; (84(3)):195-209 doi:10.1093/jnen/nlae128.

Success Rate of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in Children Younger Than 1 Year With Idiopathic Congenital Aqueductal Stenosis and Long-term Follow-up.

Krejcí T, Kubina L, Krejcí O, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2025; (40(2)):77-82 doi:10.1177/08830738241282356.

Impact of choroid plexus coagulation on the success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy in children with hydrocephalus: a single-center retrospective observational cohort study.

da Cunha AHGB, Valença MM, Guerra PLN, da Silva ICS

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2025; (41(1)):108 doi:10.1007/s00381-025-06755-y.

A Case of Aqueductal Stenosis with Bilateral Papilledema and Abducens Nerve Palsies without Headache.

Nakata D, Okada H, Doi T, et al.

Case reports in ophthalmology 2024; (15(1)):873-878 doi:10.1159/000542582.

Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging features of spontaneous third ventriculostomy in triventricular hydrocephalus.

Arslan S, Karaman AK, Korkmazer B, et al.

Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987) 2025; (66(7)):740-747 doi:10.1177/02841851251324925.

Long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) as a distinct entity on the neurologist's differential: a narrative review.

Mani R, Basem J, Schwartz G, Egnor M

BMJ neurology open 2025; (7(1)):e001021 doi:10.1136/bmjno-2024-001021.

Unreliable sagittal T2-weighted flow void MRI in diagnosing third ventriculostomy: a case of long-standing obstructive hydrocephalus. Illustrative case.

Neri N, Vignaroli A, Palandri G, Yamada S

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons 2025; (10(3)).

Short-term outcomes of endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in children with hydrocephalus at Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre in northern Tanzania: a retrospective study.

Mulla E, Rafka HE, Elahi C, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2025; (36(5)):563-569 doi:10.3171/2025.4.PEDS24549.

Surgical management of longstanding overt ventriculomegaly in adults: evaluating the role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy.

Afreen M, Khan H, Ali H, et al.

Langenbeck's archives of surgery 2025; (411(1)):17 doi:10.1007/s00423-025-03777-7.

Fetal mri of obstructive hydrocephalus: a review proposing a surgical etiology-based approach.

Tortora M, Pacchiano F, Doneda C, et al.

Neuroradiology 2026; (68(1)):39-56 doi:10.1007/s00234-025-03827-3.

Neuroendoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment of Adolescent-Onset Aqueductal Stenosis: A Report of Two Cases Demonstrating the Utility of Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy.

Sakakibara Y, Yamamoto M, Watanabe T, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96666 doi:10.7759/cureus.96666.

Fully Automated Deep Learning-Based Pipeline for Evans Index Measurement from Raw 3D MRI.

Barough SS, Bilgel M, Moghekar A, et al.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2025; doi:10.64898/2025.11.30.25341302.

Spontaneous Recovery From Post-hemorrhagic Obstructive Hydrocephalus: A Rare Case in an Elderly Patient.

Trejo Olguin E, Amparan SR, Rodriguez Saldivar AM, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(12)):e99888 doi:10.7759/cureus.99888.

Treatment failure after endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization, endoscopic third ventriculostomy alone, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt in congenital hydrocephalus: a network and time-to-event meta-analysis.

Darko K, Kumar NM, Ferguson R, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2026; (42(1)):68 doi:10.1007/s00381-026-07165-4.

Comprehensive review of the cerebral aqueduct: anatomy, embryology, imaging, genetics, molecular, and pathology.

Dituri G, Komune N, Ottone NE, et al.

Anatomy & cell biology 2026; (59(2)):207-218 doi:10.5115/acb.25.347.

Microsurgical anatomy of the cerebral aqueduct and periaqueductal region: implications for microscopic and neuroendoscopic approaches.

Bilgin B, Yuncu ME, Karadag A, et al.

Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA 2026; (48(1)).