Research & Literature

The clinical efficacy of surgical interventions for empty nose syndrome: A systematic review.

Leong SC

The Laryngoscope 2015; (125(7)):1557-62 doi:10.1002/lary.25170.

Topical mitomycin C as an adjunct to surgical debulking and medical treatment in rhinoscleroma.

Awad OG, Hammad MS

American journal of rhinology & allergy 2015; (29(4)):e95-9 doi:10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4197.

Inferior turbinate augmentation with auricular cartilage for the treatment of empty nose syndrome.

Chang AA, Watson D

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2015; (94(10-11)):E14-5.

[Squamous epithelium in the nasal cytology].

Myszkowska D, Kubicka J, Gawlik J, et al.

Przeglad lekarski 2015; (72(12)):731-5.

Ozena in Immigrants of Differing Backgrounds.

Yelenich-Huss MJ, Boyer H, Alpern JD, et al.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2016; (95(1)):35-7 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0885.

ß-Tricalcium Phosphate Implants in the Surgical Treatment of Empty Nose Syndrome.

Bastier PL, Fierens S, Champel S, et al.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016; (155(3)):514-7 doi:10.1177/0194599816644908.

The Empty Nose Syndrome 6-Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q): a validated 6-item questionnaire as a diagnostic aid for empty nose syndrome patients.

Velasquez N, Thamboo A, Habib AR, et al.

International forum of allergy & rhinology 2017; (7(1)):64-71 doi:10.1002/alr.21842.

Intranasal trigeminal function in patients with empty nose syndrome.

Konstantinidis I, Tsakiropoulou E, Chatziavramidis A, et al.

The Laryngoscope 2017; (127(6)):1263-1267 doi:10.1002/lary.26491.

Role of Histopathology in Differentiating Primary Atrophic Rhinitis from Atrophic Stage of Rhinoscleroma.

Nagalotimath US, Naveen K, Puranik RB, et al.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2017; (69(1)):62-66 doi:10.1007/s12070-017-1053-1.

Computational fluid dynamics and trigeminal sensory examinations of empty nose syndrome patients.

Li C, Farag AA, Leach J, et al.

The Laryngoscope 2017; (127(6)):E176-E184 doi:10.1002/lary.26530.

Successful management of primary atrophic rhinitis by turbinate reconstruction using autologous costal cartilage.

Park MJ, Jang YJ

Auris, nasus, larynx 2018; (45(3)):613-616 doi:10.1016/j.anl.2017.06.003.

Is submucosal fat injection effective in atrophic rhinitis? An experimental animal study.

Balur MB, Koçak HE, Altınay S, et al.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 2017; (274(10)):3637-3642 doi:10.1007/s00405-017-4670-0.

Investigation of the abnormal nasal aerodynamics and trigeminal functions among empty nose syndrome patients.

Li C, Farag AA, Maza G, et al.

International forum of allergy & rhinology 2018; (8(3)):444-452 doi:10.1002/alr.22045.

Surgical Management of Turbinate Hypertrophy.

Bergmark RW, Gray ST

Otolaryngologic clinics of North America 2018; (51(5)):919-928 doi:10.1016/j.otc.2018.05.008.

Histopathological Findings in an Unclassifiable Case of Empty Nose Syndrome with Long-term Follow-up.

Dzhenkov DL, Stoyanov GS, Georgiev R, Sapundzhiev N

Cureus 2018; (10(5)):e2655 doi:10.7759/cureus.2655.

The evaluation of malignant mucosal melanoma of nasal cavity with a rare occasion.

Kepekci AH, Kig C, Gundogan GI

International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology 2018; (10(4)):139-143.

Is Ozone (O3) Treatment Effective in Atrophic Rhinitis? Experimental Animal Study.

Altaş B, Koçak HE, Altınay S, et al.

Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology 2018; (72(5)):37-44 doi:10.5604/01.3001.0012.1265.

Computational fluid dynamics after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery-possible empty nose syndrome in the context of middle turbinate resection.

Maza G, Li C, Krebs JP, et al.

International forum of allergy & rhinology 2019; (9(2)):204-211 doi:10.1002/alr.22236.

Topical Mitomycin-C can help as an adjunct to alkaline nasal wash and rifampicin in primary atrophic rhinitis.

Abdel-Naby Awad OG, Hasan MM

American journal of otolaryngology 2019; (40(2)):137-142 doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.01.007.

Use of intranasal submucosal fillers as a transient implant to alter upper airway aerodynamics: implications for the assessment of empty nose syndrome.

Borchard NA, Dholakia SS, Yan CH, et al.

International forum of allergy & rhinology 2019; (9(6)):681-687 doi:10.1002/alr.22299.

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, with retrobulbar extraconal phlegmon and naso-oral fistula.

Wong DJY, Parry LA, Bloch AE, Agar N

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(3)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227160.

Update on empty nose syndrome: disease mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies.

Gill AS, Said M, Tollefson TT, Steele TO

Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery 2019; (27(4)):237-242 doi:10.1097/MOO.0000000000000544.

The Degree of Stress in Patients With Empty Nose Syndrome, Compared With Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Allergic Rhinitis.

Kim CH, Kim J, Song JA, et al.

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2021; (100(2)):NP87-NP92 doi:10.1177/0145561319858912.

What drives depression in empty nose syndrome? A Sinonasal Outcome Test-25 subdomain analysis.

Huang CC, Wu PW, Fu CH, et al.

Rhinology 2019; (57(6)):469-476 doi:10.4193/Rhin19.085.

Role of α-Tocopherol Acetate on Nasal Respiratory Functions: Mucociliary Clearance and Rhinomanometric Evaluations in Primary Atrophic Rhinitis.

Testa D, Marcuccio G, Lombardo N, et al.

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2021; (100(6)):NP290-NP295 doi:10.1177/0145561319870483.

Case Report: Nasal Myiasis in an Elderly Patient with Atrophic Rhinitis and Facial Sequelae of Leprosy.

Serafim RA, do Espírito Santo RB, de Mello RAF, et al.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2020; (102(2)):448-450 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0708.

The cotton test redistributes nasal airflow in patients with empty nose syndrome.

Malik J, Thamboo A, Dholakia S, et al.

International forum of allergy & rhinology 2020; (10(4)):539-545 doi:10.1002/alr.22489.

Distinct Histopathology Characteristics in Empty Nose Syndrome.

Wu CL, Fu CH, Lee TJ

The Laryngoscope 2021; (131(1)):E14-E18 doi:10.1002/lary.28586.

Title not available

Blaison F, Faganello D, Goigoux C, et al.

La Revue de medecine interne 2020; (41(9)):622-627 doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2020.04.010.

Olfaction in Primary Atrophic Rhinitis and Effect of Treatment.

Mishra A, Mishra Shukla N, Verma V, Mishra SC

OTO open 2020; (4(3)):2473974X20949503 doi:10.1177/2473974X20949503.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Patients with Atrophic Rhinitis.

Kim DH, Lee MH, Lee J, et al.

ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties 2021; (83(2)):104-111 doi:10.1159/000513099.

Long-Term Outcomes of Inferior Meatus Augmentation Procedure to Treat Empty Nose Syndrome.

Dholakia SS, Yang A, Kim D, et al.

The Laryngoscope 2021; (131(11)):E2736-E2741 doi:10.1002/lary.29593.

Empty Nose Syndrome Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review.

Kanjanawasee D, Campbell RG, Rimmer J, et al.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022; (167(3)):434-451 doi:10.1177/01945998211052919.

Sublabial bioactive glass implantation for the management of primary atrophic rhinitis and empty nose syndrome: Operative technique.

Hassan CH, Malheiro E, Béquignon E, et al.

Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology 2022; (7(1)):6-11 doi:10.1002/lio2.713.

Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms and Their Role in Disease Pathogenesis.

Guerra MES, Destro G, Vieira B, et al.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2022; (12()):877995 doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.877995.

Atrophic Rhinitis Secondary to an Infection of Unusual Bacteria: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Alyousef M, Alroqi A, AlAmari N

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2025; (104(1_suppl)):162S-164S doi:10.1177/01455613221115048.

Altered Nasal Microbiome in Atrophic Rhinitis: A Novel Theory of Etiopathogenesis and Therapy.

Sarkar S, Magne F, Venugopal G, et al.

Microorganisms 2022; (10(11)) doi:10.3390/microorganisms10112092.

Factors Affecting the Complication Rate of Septoplasty: Analysis of 1,506 Consecutive Cases of Single Surgeon.

Shin CH, Jang YJ

Facial plastic surgery : FPS 2023; (39(4)):387-392 doi:10.1055/a-1990-2818.

An Updated Review on Atrophic Rhinitis and Empty Nose Syndrome.

Sumaily IA, Hakami NA, Almutairi AD, et al.

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2026; (105(2)):NP150-NP161 doi:10.1177/01455613231185022.

IgG4 Autoimmune Disease Masquerading As Oroantral Fistula.

Schmidt P, Qasim A, Ali HR, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(7)):e42475 doi:10.7759/cureus.42475.

Threshold and suprathreshold component analysis in olfactory dysfunction: a retrospective study.

Brabahar BS, Kurien R, Panicker R, et al.

The Journal of laryngology and otology 2024; (138(6)):647-651 doi:10.1017/S0022215123002268.

Therapeutic Management of Primary Atrophic Rhinitis (Ozene): About 4 Cases.

Maalej F, Chaabouni MA, Ayadi S, et al.

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2024; 1455613241252586 doi:10.1177/01455613241252586.

Epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella ozaenae infection and its antibiotic susceptibility: Experience of a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

AlJindan R

Journal of family & community medicine 2024; (31(2)):148-152 doi:10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_280_23.

Tissue specific stem cell therapy for airway regeneration.

Park DB, Lee JY, Kim SW, Kim DH

Cell proliferation 2024; (57(10)):e13662 doi:10.1111/cpr.13662.

Surgical and Regenerative Treatment Options for Empty Nose Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Kim DH, Basurrah MA, Kim SW, Kim SW

Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology 2024; (17(3)):241-252 doi:10.21053/ceo.2023.00038.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Management Options for Empty Nose Syndrome: A Proposed Management Algorithm.

Hussain S, Hayat J, Almhanedi H, et al.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2025; (172(1)):1-12 doi:10.1002/ohn.929.

A Case of Saddle Nose Deformity Secondary to Lepromatous Leprosy.

Pokala U, Poondru AR, Laxmi Santhi Swetha M S, et al.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2025; (77(2)):1014-1018 doi:10.1007/s12070-024-05238-x.

Palatal Perforation Due to Nasal Myiasis in a Patient With Atrophic Rhinitis: A Case Report.

Agrawal A, Pandey S, Shah K, Paudel D

Ear, nose, & throat journal 2025; 1455613251324351 doi:10.1177/01455613251324351.

Serum Hormone Levels in Female Patients With Atrophic Rhinitis.

Bhoi S, Panda S, Pradhan P, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(3)):e80309 doi:10.7759/cureus.80309.

Treatment Outcomes of the Inferior Meatus Augmentation Procedure With Autologous Costal Cartilage for Empty Nose Syndrome.

Gwak JW, Jang YJ

Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology 2026; (19(1)):79-85 doi:10.21053/ceo.2025-00107.

Severe Secondary Atrophic Rhinitis with Extensive Osteomyelitis Following COVID-19-Associated Necrotizing Rhinitis: A Case Report and Microbiological Analysis.

Danylevych A, Tsolko S, Tymechko I, et al.

Reports (MDPI) 2025; (8(4)) doi:10.3390/reports8040237.

From Commensal to Pathogen: Unveiling Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae as a Cause of Meningitis and a Literature Review.

Cs P, P VD, Palukuru SR, Jakkam C

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96255 doi:10.7759/cureus.96255.

Empty Nose Syndrome Treated With Inferior Turbinate Augmentation Using Homologous Costal Cartilage.

Chiu YH, Hao CY, Kuo YX, Hung WL

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open 2026; (14(2)):e7466 doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000007466.

ANCA-Negative Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Mimicking Sinusitis and Rhinoscleroma: A Case Report.

Gorbunov S, Polev G

Case reports in medicine 2026; (2026()):4144957 doi:10.1155/carm/4144957.

Beyond Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Multisystem Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Presenting With Cavitary Pulmonary Nodules and Sinonasal Destruction.

Memari K, Reinoso E, Boutros JP, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(8)):e114445 doi:10.7759/cureus.114445.

Airflow Characteristics of Empty Nose Syndrome: Insights From Patient-Specific Computational Modeling of Airflow Distribution Patterns and Nasal Air-Conditioning.

Na Y, Kwon KW, Jang YJ

Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology 2026; (11(5)):e70567 doi:10.1002/lio2.70567.