Research & Literature

Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of persistent BK viremia and BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.

Vu D, Shah T, Ansari J, et al.

Transplantation proceedings 2015; (47(2)):394-8.

Clinical and pathological features of kidney transplant patients with concurrent polyomavirus nephropathy and rejection-associated endarteritis.

McGregor SM, Chon WJ, Kim L, et al.

World journal of transplantation 2015; (5(4)):292-9 doi:10.5500/wjt.v5.i4.292.

BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.

Jamboti JS

Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 2016; (21(8)):647-54 doi:10.1111/nep.12728.

Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in preventing BK polyomavirus infection after renal transplant: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Song TR, Rao ZS, Qiu Y, et al.

The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2016; (32(3)):152-9.

Bright Field Microscopy to Detect Decoy Cells Due to BK Virus Infection in the Fresh and Unstained Urine Sediment in Kidney Allograft Recipients.

Poloni JA, Pinto GG, Giordani MS, et al.

Journal of clinical laboratory analysis 2016; (30(6)):1044-1050 doi:10.1002/jcla.21978.

BK Virus in Kidney Transplant: Current Concepts, Recent Advances, and Future Directions.

Sharma R, Tzetzo S, Patel S, et al.

Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2016; (14(4)):377-84 doi:10.6002/ect.2016.0030.

High-level viruria as a screening tool for BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.

Chon WJ, Aggarwal N, Kocherginsky M, et al.

Kidney research and clinical practice 2016; (35(3)):176-81 doi:10.1016/j.krcp.2016.05.005.

BK Virus Nephropathy: Histological Evolution by Sequential Pathology.

Nankivell BJ, Renthawa J, Sharma RN, et al.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 2017; (17(8)):2065-2077 doi:10.1111/ajt.14292.

The Banff Working Group Classification of Definitive Polyomavirus Nephropathy: Morphologic Definitions and Clinical Correlations.

Nickeleit V, Singh HK, Randhawa P, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2018; (29(2)):680-693 doi:10.1681/ASN.2017050477.

Prediction of BK viremia by urine viral load in renal transplant patients: An analysis of BK viral load results in paired urine and plasma samples.

Madden K, Janitell C, Sower D, Yang S

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society 2018; (20(5)):e12952 doi:10.1111/tid.12952.

Reducing calcineurin inhibitor first for treating BK polyomavirus replication after kidney transplantation: long-term outcomes.

Bischof N, Hirsch HH, Wehmeier C, et al.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2019; (34(7)):1240-1250 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfy346.

Automated Intelligent Microscopy for the Recognition of Decoy Cells in Urine Samples of Kidney Transplant Patients.

D'Alessandro M, Poli L, Lai Q, et al.

Transplantation proceedings 2019; (51(1)):157-159 doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.05.030.

Clinical utility of leflunomide for BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter retrospective study.

Keller N, Duquennoy S, Conrad A, et al.

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society 2019; (21(2)):e13058 doi:10.1111/tid.13058.

Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of BK polyomavirus infection after kidney transplantation.

Favi E, Puliatti C, Sivaprakasam R, et al.

World journal of clinical cases 2019; (7(3)):270-290 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i3.270.

BK polyomavirus in solid organ transplantation-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.

Hirsch HH, Randhawa PS,

Clinical transplantation 2019; (33(9)):e13528 doi:10.1111/ctr.13528.

Renal Function Impairment in Kidney Transplantation: Importance of Early BK Virus Detection.

Manzano Sánchez D, Jimeno García L, Manzano Sánchez D, et al.

Transplantation proceedings 2019; (51(2)):350-352 doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.12.016.

Comparing Urine and Blood Screening Methods to Detect BK Virus After Renal Transplant.

McGann K, DeWolfe D, Jacobs M, et al.

Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2021; (19(2)):104-109 doi:10.6002/ect.2019.0295.

The Importance of Kidney Medullary Tissue for the Accurate Diagnosis of BK Virus Allograft Nephropathy.

Nankivell BJ, Renthawa J, Shingde M, Khan A

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2020; (15(7)):1015-1023 doi:10.2215/CJN.13611119.

T-cell adoptive immunotherapy for BK nephropathy in renal transplantation.

Jahan S, Scuderi C, Francis L, et al.

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society 2020; (22(6)):e13399 doi:10.1111/tid.13399.

The 2018 Banff Working Group classification of definitive polyomavirus nephropathy: A multicenter validation study in the modern era.

Nickeleit V, Singh HK, Dadhania D, et al.

American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons 2021; (21(2)):669-680 doi:10.1111/ajt.16189.

Non-permissive human conventional CD1c+ dendritic cells enable trans-infection of human primary renal tubular epithelial cells and protect BK polyomavirus from neutralization.

Sikorski M, Coulon F, Peltier C, et al.

PLoS pathogens 2021; (17(2)):e1009042 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009042.

Presence of decoy cells for 6 months on urine cytology efficiently predicts BK virus nephropathy in renal transplant recipients.

Sekito T, Araki M, Yoshinaga K, et al.

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association 2021; (28(12)):1240-1246 doi:10.1111/iju.14679.

Everolimus reduces BK polyomavirus infection by suppressing its replication and spread of infection.

Sato N, Shiraki A, Mori KP, et al.

Antiviral research 2022; (208()):105456 doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105456.

The Chronology of Renal Allograft Dysfunction: The Pathological Perspectives.

Hara S

Nephron 2023; (147 Suppl 1()):67-73 doi:10.1159/000531575.

Importance of Follow-Up Biopsies in the Prediction of Renal Allograft Survival Following Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy.

Özdemir BH, Ok Atılgan A, Akyüz Özdemir A, et al.

Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2023; (21(7)):568-577 doi:10.6002/ect.2023.0080.

Treatment of BK Polyomavirus-Associated Nephropathy in Paediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients: Leflunomide Versus Cidofovir.

Kaya Aksoy G, Erkan M, Koyun M, et al.

Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2024; (22(1)):29-34 doi:10.6002/ect.2023.0091.

Efficacy of mTOR Inhibitors and Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Treatment of Polyoma BK Nephropathy in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Biopsy-Proven Study.

Karatas M, Tatar E, Okut G, et al.

Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation 2024; (22(Suppl 1)):118-127 doi:10.6002/ect.MESOT2023.O29.

The Second International Consensus Guidelines on the Management of BK Polyomavirus in Kidney Transplantation.

Kotton CN, Kamar N, Wojciechowski D, et al.

Transplantation 2024; (108(9)):1834-1866 doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000004976.

Polyomavirus nephropathy: diagnosis, histologic features, and differentiation from acute rejection.

Nast CC

Clinical transplantation and research 2024; (38(2)):71-89 doi:10.4285/ctr.24.0006.

BK polyomavirus infection: more than 50 years and still a threat to kidney transplant recipients.

Parajuli S, Aziz F, Zhong W, Djamali A

Frontiers in transplantation 2024; (3()):1309927 doi:10.3389/frtra.2024.1309927.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation phase I/II multicenter trial of low-dose cidofovir for BK polyomavirus nephropathy.

Imlay H, Gnann JW, Rooney J, et al.

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society 2024; (26(6)):e14367 doi:10.1111/tid.14367.

Interventions for BK virus infection in kidney transplant recipients.

Wajih Z, Karpe KM, Walters GD

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024; (10()):CD013344 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013344.pub2.

Risk of cellular or antibody-mediated rejection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus replication-an international CERTAIN registry study.

Fichtner A, Schmidt J, Süsal C, et al.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2025; (40(3)):835-848 doi:10.1007/s00467-024-06501-7.

Single-cell RNA-sequencing of BK polyomavirus replication in primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells identifies specific transcriptome signatures and a novel mitochondrial stress pattern.

Weissbach FH, Follonier OM, Schmid S, et al.

Journal of virology 2024; (98(12)):e0138224 doi:10.1128/jvi.01382-24.

BK Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy - diagnostic and treatment standard.

Al-Talib M, Welberry-Smith M, Macdonald A, Griffin S

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2025; (40(4)):651-661 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaf002.

A Phase I Study Evaluating Safety and Tolerability of Viral-Specific T Cells Against BK-Virus in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Ptak L, Meyers RO, Radko-Ganz O, et al.

Journal of medical virology 2025; (97(4)):e70357 doi:10.1002/jmv.70357.

The Prevalence and Outcomes of BK Polyoma Virus Nephropathy in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Rana A, Bansal SB, Kotton CN, et al.

Indian journal of nephrology 2025; (35(3)):343-348 doi:10.25259/ijn_87_23.

A highly potent human antibody neutralizing all serotypes of BK polyomavirus.

Weber M, Schmitt S, Eicher B, et al.

PLoS pathogens 2025; (21(7)):e1013122 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013122.

Case Report: Extracorporeal photopheresis for BK virus nephropathy as a novel treatment for high-risk rejection kidney transplant recipient.

Gregorini M, Del Fante C, Islami T, et al.

Frontiers in nephrology 2025; (5()):1625060 doi:10.3389/fneph.2025.1625060.

Demographic and Histopathological Features of Graft Dysfunction in Renal Transplant Biopsies: A Retrospective Study.

Yıldırım Ş, Aslaner A, Eyvaz K, İnci A

Transplantation proceedings 2025; (57(9)):1726-1730 doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2025.07.007.

Digital spatial profiling reveals the molecular signatures of BK virus infection in renal transplant recipients.

He L, Zhang Y, Dong K, et al.

Translational andrology and urology 2025; (14(7)):2089-2105 doi:10.21037/tau-2025-451.

Late BK Nephropathy 15 years post kidney transplant following chemotherapy: A case report.

Hamiduzzaman A, Hou J, Higgins T, et al.

IDCases 2025; (41()):e02340 doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2025.e02340.

Immune Responses to BK Virus in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment.

He KD, Gressens SB, Dadhania DM, et al.

The Journal of infectious diseases 2026; (233(2)):e392-e403 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaf525.

Ten tips on management of BK nephropathy in kidney transplant patients.

Geddes CC, Phelan PJ

Clinical kidney journal 2026; (19(4)):sfag061 doi:10.1093/ckj/sfag061.

Case Report: Late-onset BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: two cases and insights into underlying mechanisms.

Belčič Mikič T, Bošnjak M, Arnol M

Frontiers in medicine 2026; (13()):1799421 doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1799421.