Research & Literature

Multifocal electroretinogram in birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Chiquet C, Berthemy-Pellet S, Altayrac-Bethenod J, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2015; (35(6)):1256-65 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000437.

Pointwise linear regression analysis of serial Humphrey visual fields and a correlation with electroretinography in birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Arya B, Westcott M, Robson AG, et al.

The British journal of ophthalmology 2015; (99(7)):973-8 doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306003.

Birdshot retinochoroidopathy.

Vitale AT

Journal of ophthalmic & vision research 2014; (9(3)):350-61 doi:10.4103/2008-322X.143376.

Epidemiology of uveitis in a Western urban multiethnic population. The challenge of globalization.

Llorenç V, Mesquida M, Sainz de la Maza M, et al.

Acta ophthalmologica 2015; (93(6)):561-7 doi:10.1111/aos.12675.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) Polymorphism Relevant to Inflammatory Disease Shapes the Peptidome of the Birdshot Chorioretinopathy-Associated HLA-A*29:02 Antigen.

Alvarez-Navarro C, Martín-Esteban A, Barnea E, et al.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2015; (14(7)):1770-80 doi:10.1074/mcp.M115.048959.

Diagnostic Sensitivity of Indocyanine Green Angiography for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Reddy AK, Gonzalez MA, Henry CR, et al.

JAMA ophthalmology 2015; (133(7)):840-3 doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0822.

Visual Electrodiagnostic Testing in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Tzekov R, Madow B

Journal of ophthalmology 2015; (2015()):680215 doi:10.1155/2015/680215.

PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY IN BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY: A NOVEL ASSOCIATION.

Carey A, Cohen S

Retinal cases & brief reports 2016; (10(2)):151-3 doi:10.1097/ICB.0000000000000212.

Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry Parameters at Baseline and Following Remission in Patients With Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy.

Maleki A, Swan RT, Silpa-Archa S, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2016; (163()):83-92.e6 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2015.11.024.

BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINITIS LESIONS ON INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY AS AN INDICATOR OF DISEASE ACTIVITY.

Cao JH, Silpa-Archa S, Freitas-Neto CA, Foster CS

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2016; (36(9)):1751-7 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000967.

Birdshot chorioretinopathy: current knowledge and new concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.

Minos E, Barry RJ, Southworth S, et al.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2016; (11(1)):61 doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0429-8.

Multimodal imaging of the disease progression of birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Teussink MM, Huis In Het Veld PI, de Vries LA, et al.

Acta ophthalmologica 2016; (94(8)):815-823 doi:10.1111/aos.13114.

Efficacy of Methylprednisolone Pulse Followed by Oral Prednisone in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Hafidi M, Loria O, Kodjikian L, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2017; (25(5)):596-603 doi:10.1080/09273948.2016.1178778.

Choroidal Findings in Eyes With Birdshot Chorioretinitis Using Enhanced-Depth Optical Coherence Tomography.

Böni C, Thorne JE, Spaide RF, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2016; (57(9)):OCT591-9 doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18832.

New insights into the genetic component of non-infectious uveitis through an Immunochip strategy.

Márquez A, Cordero-Coma M, Martín-Villa JM, et al.

Journal of medical genetics 2017; (54(1)):38-46 doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104144.

Efficacy of Anti-IL6-Receptor Tocilizumab in Refractory Cystoid Macular Edema of Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.

Calvo-Río V, Blanco R, Santos-Gómez M, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2017; (25(5)):604-609 doi:10.1080/09273948.2016.1231331.

Adalimumab in refractory cystoid macular edema associated with birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Steeples LR, Spry P, Lee RWJ, Carreño E

International ophthalmology 2018; (38(3)):1357-1362 doi:10.1007/s10792-017-0592-5.

The Value of Diagnostic Work-Up in the Evaluation of White Dot Syndromes.

Palejwala NV, Sawhney G, Raecker M, et al.

Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina 2017; (48(7)):540-545 doi:10.3928/23258160-20170630-04.

Guidance on Noncorticosteroid Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapy in Noninfectious Uveitis: Fundamentals Of Care for UveitiS (FOCUS) Initiative.

Dick AD, Rosenbaum JT, Al-Dhibi HA, et al.

Ophthalmology 2018; (125(5)):757-773 doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.11.017.

Allele-specific Alterations in the Peptidome Underlie the Joint Association of HLA-A*29:02 and Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Sanz-Bravo A, Martín-Esteban A, Kuiper JJW, et al.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2018; (17(8)):1564-1577 doi:10.1074/mcp.RA118.000778.

Anxiety and Depression among Patients with Uveitis and Ocular Inflammatory Disease at a Tertiary Center in Southern Thailand: Vision-Related Quality of Life, Sociodemographics, and Clinical Characteristics Associated.

Sittivarakul W, Wongkot P

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2019; (27(5)):731-742 doi:10.1080/09273948.2018.1484495.

ADALIMUMAB THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Huis Het Veld PI, van Asten F, Kuijpers RWAM, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2019; (39(11)):2189-2197 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002281.

Outcomes of "Early" Withdrawal of Corticosteroid Sparing Immunomodulatory Therapy for Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy.

You C, Meese H, Stephenson A, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2019; (27(7)):1165-1173 doi:10.1080/09273948.2018.1506040.

Association Between Noninfectious Uveitis and Psychological Stress.

Berlinberg EJ, Gonzales JA, Doan T, Acharya NR

JAMA ophthalmology 2019; (137(2)):199-205 doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.5893.

Five-Year Trends in Multifocal Electroretinogram for Patients With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Mailhac A, Labarere J, Aptel F, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2019; (200()):138-149 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2018.11.022.

EVALUATION OF PHOTORECEPTORS, RETINAL CAPILLARY PLEXUSES, AND CHORIOCAPILLARIS IN PATIENTS WITH BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY.

Forte R, Saleh M, Aptel F, Chiquet C

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2020; (40(5)):977-988 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002457.

Long-term outcomes of systemic corticosteroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy for Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy.

You C, Lasave AF, Kubaisi B, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2020; (28(6)):966-974 doi:10.1080/09273948.2019.1641610.

Birdshot chorioretinopathy presenting in a teenager.

Lee J, Smith WM, Goldstein DA

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2020; (19()):100807 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100807.

Creating a Health Utility Value for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Sekaran A, Shamdas M, Barry RJ, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2022; (30(1)):73-80 doi:10.1080/09273948.2020.1799034.

Characteristics, Upon Presentation, of a Cohort of Hispanic Patients with Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy.

Marrero FM, De Jesus E, Alvarez S, et al.

Puerto Rico health sciences journal 2020; (39(3)):249-253.

HLA-A alleles including HLA-A29 affect the composition of the gut microbiome: a potential clue to the pathogenesis of birdshot retinochoroidopathy.

Sternes PR, Martin TM, Paley M, et al.

Scientific reports 2020; (10(1)):17636 doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74751-0.

The Impact of the 'Mis-Peptidome' on HLA Class I-Mediated Diseases: Contribution of ERAP1 and ERAP2 and Effects on the Immune Response.

Tedeschi V, Paldino G, Paladini F, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2020; (21(24)) doi:10.3390/ijms21249608.

ERAP2 Increases the Abundance of a Peptide Submotif Highly Selective for the Birdshot Uveitis-Associated HLA-A29.

Venema WJ, Hiddingh S, de Boer JH, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2021; (12()):634441 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.634441.

[Anatomic-functional correlations in birdshot chorioretinopathy: An observational single-center prospective study].

Servant M, Couret C, Lebreton O, et al.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie 2021; (44(5)):632-642 doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2020.07.028.

Classification Criteria for Birdshot Chorioretinitis.

American journal of ophthalmology 2021; (228()):65-71 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.059.

Efficacy of Tacrolimus in Uveitis, and the Usefulness of Serum Tacrolimus Levels in Predicting Disease Control. Results from a Single Large Center.

Luis J, Alsaedi A, Phatak S, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2022; (30(7-8)):1654-1658 doi:10.1080/09273948.2021.1930063.

Pediatric uveitis: A comprehensive review.

Maleki A, Anesi SD, Look-Why S, et al.

Survey of ophthalmology 2022; (67(2)):510-529 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.006.

Late recurrence in birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Maleki A, Look-Why S, Manhapra A, et al.

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2023; (58(2)):77-81 doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2021.08.006.

The Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab in Refractory Noninfectious Uveitis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Xiong A, Liu D, Chen H, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2021; (12()):620340 doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.620340.

ERAP1, ERAP2, and Two Copies of HLA-Aw19 Alleles Increase the Risk for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in HLA-A29 Carriers.

Gelfman S, Monnet D, Ligocki AJ, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2021; (62(14)):3 doi:10.1167/iovs.62.14.3.

Case Report: A Promising Treatment Strategy for Noninfectious Uveitis.

Liu XB, Tang LS, Chen JW, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2021; (12()):784860 doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.784860.

Treatment Outcomes in Birdshot Chorioretinitis: Corticosteroid Sparing, Corticosteroid Discontinuation, Remission, and Relapse.

Crowell EL, France R, Majmudar P, et al.

Ophthalmology. Retina 2022; (6(7)):620-627 doi:10.1016/j.oret.2022.03.003.

Electrophysiological Assessment in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Flicker Electroretinograms Recorded With a Handheld Device.

Waldie AM, Hobby AE, Chow I, et al.

Translational vision science & technology 2022; (11(5)):23 doi:10.1167/tvst.11.5.23.

A Case of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy following Varicella Zoster Virus-Induced Progressive Retinal Necrosis in the Contralateral Eye.

Fukushima A, Nagasawa T, Tabuchi H

Case reports in ophthalmology 2022; (13(2)):393-397 doi:10.1159/000524991.

Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: A Review.

Bousquet E, Duraffour P, Debillon L, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(16)) doi:10.3390/jcm11164772.

Acute macular neuroretinopathy in a patient with birdshot chorioretinopathy after intravitreal triamcinolone suspension injection.

Maleki A, Fernandez CC, Philip AM, et al.

European journal of ophthalmology 2023; (33(5)):NP35-NP40 doi:10.1177/11206721221124653.

Efficacy and safety of abatacept to treat active birdshot uveitis: a prospective open label interventional proof-of-concept trial.

Schauwvlieghe PP, Van Calster J, Herbort CP, et al.

The British journal of ophthalmology 2024; (108(2)):244-252 doi:10.1136/bjo-2022-321585.

Update on the systemic management of noninfectious uveitis in children and adolescents.

Leal I, Steeples LR, Wong SW, et al.

Survey of ophthalmology 2024; (69(1)):103-121 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.01.002.

Birdshot chorioretinopathy in an HLA-A29 positive Asian patient.

Regenold J, Ghoraba H, Akhavanrezayat A, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2023; (29()):101802 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101802.

Atypical Unilateral Birdshot Chorioretinitis in a Hispanic Female.

Marrero VM, Durán DJ, Fernández-Santos CC, et al.

Puerto Rico health sciences journal 2023; (42(2)):180-182.

Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in Early Adulthood: Review of Current Literature and Case Report.

Pham BH, Uludag G, Hien DL, et al.

International medical case reports journal 2023; (16()):815-831 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S430981.

Visual acuity and visual field as a function of disease duration in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis.

Loeliger J, Monnet D, Thorne J, et al.

The British journal of ophthalmology 2024; (108(11)):1543-1547 doi:10.1136/bjo-2023-324636.

Retinal vasculitis in HLA-A29 birdshot retinochoroiditis, particularities and imaging narrative of an under-estimated and diagnostic component of the disease.

Galand J, Papasavvas I, Herbort CP

Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection 2024; (14(1)):31 doi:10.1186/s12348-024-00406-0.

Quality of Life in Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinitis Aged 80 and Older.

Kaisari E, Loeliger J, Thorne JE, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2025; (33(2)):280-286 doi:10.1080/09273948.2024.2400172.

The Impact of HLA-A29 Homozygosity and of the Second HLA-A Allele on Susceptibility and Severity of Birdshot Chorioretinitis.

Loeliger J, Lhotte R, Gelfman S, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2024; (65(13)):47 doi:10.1167/iovs.65.13.47.

Spectrum of Imaging Characteristics of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.

Kherani S, Alapati A, Kaisari E, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2025; (33(7)):1399-1407 doi:10.1080/09273948.2024.2448529.

Electroretinography of disease activity and treatment response in birdshot chorioretinopathy.

Rosenberg CR, White E, Alsamarraie A, et al.

Eye (London, England) 2025; (39(9)):1853-1859 doi:10.1038/s41433-025-03769-3.

Prognostic Factors of Treatment Failure with First-Line Corticosteroid-Sparing Agents in Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: A Retrospective Study.

Goupillou P, Leclercq M, Muraine M, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2025; (33(7)):1298-1302 doi:10.1080/09273948.2025.2491570.

Uveitis in Adults: A Review.

Maghsoudlou P, Epps SJ, Guly CM, Dick AD

JAMA 2025; (334(5)):419-434 doi:10.1001/jama.2025.4358.

Evidence and Consensus-based Imaging Guidelines in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Multimodal Imaging in Uveitis (MUV) Taskforce Report 8.

Pichi F, Miserocchi E, Grewal DS, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2025; (278()):271-281 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2025.06.029.

Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in a Patient on Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis.

Pasol J, Roth EB, Albini TA

Case reports in ophthalmological medicine 2025; (2025()):4861600 doi:10.1155/crop/4861600.

Guidelines From the French-Speaking Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (SFHI) for Harmonisation of HLA Genotyping in Autoimmune Diseases, Drug Hypersensitivity and Pharmacogenetics.

Renac V, Moalic V, Dautin G, et al.

HLA 2025; (106(4)):e70442 doi:10.1111/tan.70442.

Sex-Related Effects on the Clinical Presentation of Uveitis.

Samalia PD, Sims JL, Tomkins-Netzer O, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2026; (282()):82-89 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2025.10.028.

Birdshot Chorioretinopathy with Cystoid Macular Oedema.

Valmaggia P, Loeliger J, Habra O

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde 2026; (243(4)):457-460 doi:10.1055/a-2795-6069.

Noninfectious uveitis: Management with biologic agents.

Rathinam SR, Anjana S

Indian journal of ophthalmology 2026; (74(6)):837-844 doi:10.4103/IJO.IJO_3239_25.

Incidence and Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidal Ideation in Patients with Uveitis and Scleritis in the TriNetX Database.

Agarwal R, Lee D, Mendez Bermudez I, Berkenstock MK

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2026; 1-9 doi:10.1080/09273948.2026.2633447.

Noninfectious Posterior Uveitides - Atypicals, Variants, and Masquerades: The Jungle of Differential Diagnosis.

Bianco L, Berni A, Del Fabbro S, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2026; (287()):67-92 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2026.03.015.

Immune Mediators in Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: A Systematic Review.

Gao A, Zaslavsky K, Ahmed Y, et al.

Ocular immunology and inflammation 2026; (34(5)):1118-1134 doi:10.1080/09273948.2026.2655441.

Deconstructing White Dot Syndromes-Multimodal Imaging in Uveitis (MUV) Taskforce: Report 11.

Invernizzi A, Agarwal A, Jampol LM, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2026; (289()):168-181 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2026.05.006.

Long-term safety of steroid-sparing immunosuppression in uveitis.

Placide J, Uner OE, Suhler EB

Current opinion in ophthalmology 2026; (37(6)):442-447 doi:10.1097/ICU.0000000000001242.