Research & Literature

Pathogenesis and Management of Buerger's Disease.

Liew NC, Lee L, Nor Hanipah Z, et al.

The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2015; (14(3)):231-5 doi:10.1177/1534734615599654.

The Epidemiologic and Clinical Findings of Patients with Buerger Disease.

Igari K, Inoue Y, Iwai T

Annals of vascular surgery 2016; (30()):263-9.

Corkscrew Collateral Vessels in Buerger Disease: Vasa Vasorum or Vasa Nervorum.

Baş A, Dikici AS, Gülşen F, et al.

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2016; (27(5)):735-9.

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease).

Rivera-Chavarría IJ, Brenes-Gutiérrez JD

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2016; (7()):79-82 doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2016.03.028.

Structural Abnormality or Vascular Dysfunction? A Road to Ruin.

Yamagishi SI

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 2016; (23(11)):1255-1256 doi:10.5551/jat.ED047.

Successful sequential drug eluting balloon angioplasty to chronic total occluded popliteal artery in a patient with thromboangitis obliterans by PCR.

Kaçmaz F, Kaya A, Yazıcı A

Anatolian journal of cardiology 2016; (16(6)):450-1 doi:10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2016.6979.

[Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): state of the art].

Zerbino DD, Zimba EA, Bagry NN

Angiologiia i sosudistaia khirurgiia = Angiology and vascular surgery 2016; (22(4)):185-192.

Very distal vein bypass in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans.

Neufang A, Vargas-Gomez C, Ewald P, et al.

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten 2017; (46(4)):304-309 doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000624.

Outcomes of endovascular recanalization versus autogenous venous bypass for thromboangiitis obliterans patients with critical limb ischemia due to tibioperoneal arterial occlusion.

Ye K, Shi H, Qin J, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2017; (66(4)):1133-1142.e1 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.425.

Conservative treatment of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans or cannabis-associated arteritis presenting with critical lower limb ischaemia.

Galyfos G, Kerasidis S, Kastrisios G, et al.

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten 2017; (46(6)):471-475 doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000649.

Pathogenesis of thromboangiitis obliterans: Gene polymorphism and immunoregulation of human vascular endothelial cells.

Sun XL, Law BY, de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, et al.

Atherosclerosis 2017; (265()):258-265 doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.009.

Unexpected Inflammation in the Sympathetic Ganglia in Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Farzadnia M, Ravari H, Masoudian M, et al.

The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc 2017; (26(4)):212-217 doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604410.

Immediate and late outcomes of endovascular therapy for lower extremity arteries in Buerger disease.

Kim DH, Ko YG, Ahn CM, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2018; (67(6)):1769-1777 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.09.020.

[Thromboangiitis obliterans: notions for practice].

Calanca L, Alatri A, Krieger C, et al.

Revue medicale suisse 2017; (13(586)):2129-2133.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes Survey of Bone Marrow-Derived Cell Therapy in Critical Limb Ischemia in Japan.

Kondo K, Yanishi K, Hayashida R, et al.

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2018; (82(4)):1168-1178 doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0510.

Autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy in Chinese patients with critical limb ischemia due to thromboangiitis obliterans: 10-year results.

Guo J, Guo L, Cui S, et al.

Stem cell research & therapy 2018; (9(1)):43 doi:10.1186/s13287-018-0784-6.

Levistilide A Ameliorates NLRP3 Expression Involving the Syk-p38/JNK Pathway and Peripheral Obliterans in Rats.

Guo H, Sun L, Ling S, Xu JW

Mediators of inflammation 2018; (2018()):7304096 doi:10.1155/2018/7304096.

Cilostazol on the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and inflammatory factors in plasma in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans.

Song F, Ji B, Chen T

Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2018; (16(3)):2349-2354 doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6436.

Outcomes of endovascular treatment versus bypass surgery for critical limb ischemia in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans.

Lee CY, Choi K, Kwon H, et al.

PloS one 2018; (13(10)):e0205305 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205305.

Long-Term Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Complications in Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease): A Multicenter Study of 224 Patients.

Le Joncour A, Soudet S, Dupont A, et al.

Journal of the American Heart Association 2018; (7(23)):e010677 doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.010677.

Risk Factors, Mechanisms and Treatments of Thromboangiitis Obliterans: An Overview of Recent Research.

Li MD, Wang YF, Yang MW, et al.

Current medicinal chemistry 2020; (27(35)):6057-6072 doi:10.2174/0929867326666190816233042.

A Non-smoking Woman with Anti-phospholipid Antibodies Proved to Have Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Shima N, Akiyama Y, Yamamoto S, et al.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2020; (59(3)):439-443 doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.3372-19.

D-dimer levels in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans.

Emmanuel A, Selvaraj D, Sen I, et al.

The National medical journal of India 2019; (32(3)):134-136 doi:10.4103/0970-258X.278685.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Implantation in Patients With Severe Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Mohamad Yusoff F, Kajikawa M, Takaeko Y, et al.

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2020; (84(4)):650-655 doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-19-1041.

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation　- A New Standard Treatment for Thromboangiitis Obliterans?

Shibata R, Yamaguchi S, Murohara T

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2020; (84(4)):549-550 doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0137.

Herbal therapy treatment in thromboangiitis obliterans: a retrospective clinical study.

Li G, Zefr C, Yang B, et al.

Annals of palliative medicine 2020; (9(4)):1696-1707 doi:10.21037/apm-19-578.

The IL-33/sST2 Axis in Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Sharebiani H, Mohareri M, Mirhosseini A, Fazeli B

Journal of inflammation research 2020; (13()):317-323 doi:10.2147/JIR.S253980.

Current Trends in Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Thromboangiitis Obliterans in Japan　- A Nationwide Survey Using the Medical Support System Database.

Watanabe Y, Miyata T, Shigematsu K, et al.

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2020; (84(10)):1786-1796 doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-19-1165.

MiR-223 alleviates thrombus and inflammation in thromboangiitis obliterans rats by regulating NLRP3.

Zhou H, Li CL, Xia PZ, He YX

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2020; (24(20)):10605-10611 doi:10.26355/eurrev_202010_23418.

The incidence, prevalence, and survival rate of thromboangiitis obliterans in Korea: a retrospective population-based study.

Choi B, Jang SY, Kim SK, et al.

Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy 2020; (10(5)):1238-1244 doi:10.21037/cdt-20-582.

Thromboangiitis Obliterans Biomarker Shifts in Different Acute Phase Stages: A Case Study.

Hofmann GA, Zierfuss B, Koppensteiner R, et al.

Annals of vascular surgery 2021; (73()):509.e5-509.e9 doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2020.11.004.

Therapeutic Angiogenesis Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cell Implantation for Patients With Critical Limb-Threatening Ischemia Caused by Thromboangiitis Obliterans　- Study Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Interventional Trial.

Fujioka A, Yanishi K, Shoji K, et al.

Circulation reports 2020; (2(10)):630-634 doi:10.1253/circrep.CR-20-0086.

Application of nanofat grafting to rescue a severe ischaemic hand with thromboangiitis obliterans: A case report about promising salvage procedure.

Ng KLB, Hsieh MW, Lin YN, et al.

Medicine 2021; (100(42)):e27577 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000027577.

Recent Updates and Advances in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): Biomolecular Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Clinical Consequences.

Fazeli B, Ligi D, Keramat S, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (11(10)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics11101736.

Long-term outcomes of large artery thromboangiitis obliterans and comparison with small artery thromboangiitis obliterans.

Lee SA, Jeong MJ, Ko GY, et al.

Medicine 2022; (101(1)):e28512 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000028512.

Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Thromboangiitis Obliterans With Superimposed Osteomyelitis.

Kidron A, Daahir C

Cureus 2022; (14(1)):e21423 doi:10.7759/cureus.21423.

Nails Involvement in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease.

Starace MVR, Alessandrini A, Tosti A, Piraccini BM

Skin appendage disorders 2022; (8(2)):142-145 doi:10.1159/000518982.

Buerger Disease: Pathological Changes in Elderly Patients.

Iwai T, Kume H, Koizumi S, et al.

Annals of vascular diseases 2022; (15(1)):29-36 doi:10.3400/avd.oa.21-00142.

Clinical outcomes in patients with infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease treated by lower extremity bypass surgery: a comparison of atherosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans.

Yan K, Yuan ZH, Zheng Y, Wang J

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2022; (26(12)):4228-4237 doi:10.26355/eurrev_202206_29059.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of early and late outcomes after endovascular angioplasty among patients with thromboangiitis obliterans and chronic limb ischemia.

Galyfos G, Liakopoulos D, Chamzin A, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2023; (77(5)):1534-1541.e2 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2022.09.017.

Do Patients With Arterial Occlusive Disease of Different Etiologies Benefit Equally From Cilostazol?

Can Depboylu B, Yazman S, Harmandar B, et al.

Texas Heart Institute journal 2023; (50(1)) doi:10.14503/THIJ-21-7747.

The Effect of Smoking Cessation on the Technical Success of Endovascular Treatment for Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Gundogmus CA, Samadli V, Sorkun M, Oguzkurt L

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2023; (34(6)):1038-1044 doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2023.02.008.

Buerger's Disease in the Testicle: A Case of Testicular Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Harwood EA, Blazek AJ, Radio SJ, Deibert CM

Cureus 2023; (15(4)):e37693 doi:10.7759/cureus.37693.

Demographic Traits, Clinical Status, and Comorbidities of Patients With Thromboangiitis Obliterans in Japan.

Watanabe Y, Shimizu Y, Hashimoto T, et al.

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2024; (88(3)):319-328 doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-23-0211.

Senescent CD153+ T Lymphocytes Increase in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Mashhadi N, Kasraian L, Ghoddusi Johari H, et al.

Iranian journal of immunology : IJI 2023; (20(3)):262-275 doi:10.22034/iji.2023.99188.2622.

Efficacy of Supervised Exercise Therapy for Intermittent Claudication in a Case With Buerger's Disease.

Komiya D, Iwai K, Ohno T

Cureus 2023; (15(8)):e43537 doi:10.7759/cureus.43537.

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway involved in pathogenesis of thromboangiitis obliterans through activating of NF-κB.

Guo F, Bi Y, Yin J, Guo Y

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024; (79()):100357 doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100357.

Gene Therapy of Thromboangiitis Obliterans with Growth Factor Plasmid (VEGF165) and Autologous Bone Marrow Cells.

Barć P, Lubieniecki P, Antkiewicz M, et al.

Biomedicines 2024; (12(7)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines12071506.

Mailuoning oral liquid ameliorates vasculitis in thromboangiitis obliterans rats via inactivating cGAS-STING-IRF3 and TLR4-MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathways.

Fan L, Tang K, Li J, et al.

Journal of ethnopharmacology 2025; (337(Pt 1)):118707 doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118707.

Tetrahydrocannabinol vape-associated cannabis arteritis in a patient with minimal tobacco exposure.

Colling M, Souri Y, Reifsnyder T

Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques 2025; (11(1)):101673 doi:10.1016/j.jvscit.2024.101673.

Evaluation of Ultrasound Microflow Imaging as an Assessment Tool for Digital Arteries in Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Mohamedi N, Guédon AF, Wang LZ, et al.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology 2025; (51(9)):1411-1417 doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2025.05.001.

Indocyanine Green Angiography in the Evaluation of Surgical Amputation Level in Patients with Arterial Ulcers Due to Thromboangiitis Obliterans.

Akyüz S, Güven HE, Yılmaz KB

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2025; (61(9)) doi:10.3390/medicina61091678.

[Thromboangiitis obliterans: an update 2025].

Stammler F

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2025; (150(23)):1440-1446 doi:10.1055/a-2660-1858.

Serum heavy metal levels from tobacco smoke and Buerger's disease.

Asadollahi Shahir AA, Khoshakhlagh AH, Mehrzad F, et al.

Scientific reports 2025; (15(1)):40821 doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24542-2.

An Unusual Case of Thromboangiitis Obliterans With Concurrent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism.

Vaezi Z, Baker DL

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96506 doi:10.7759/cureus.96506.

Transcatheter arterialization of deep veins in a patient with no-option CLTI with thromboangiitis obliterans: A case report.

Asano K, Nakama T, Kojima S, Obunai K

Journal of cardiology cases 2026; (33(1)):31-35 doi:10.1016/j.jccase.2025.10.004.

Predictors of Reamputation in Patients With Advanced-Stage Thromboangiitis Obliterans Ulcers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Önaloğlu Y, Gümüş ÖF, Karakılıç B, et al.

International wound journal 2026; (23(2)):e70853 doi:10.1111/iwj.70853.

Diabetic Peripheral Arterial Disease Versus Thromboangiitis Obliterans: A Multidimensional Comparison of Clinical Phenotype, Biomarkers, and Outcomes.

Yücel M, Çomaklı H, Sağlam MF, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (16(4)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics16040560.