Research & Literature

Outcomes and prognostic factors after emergent carotid artery stenting for hyperacute stroke within 6 hours of symptom onset.

Yoon W, Kim BM, Kim DJ, et al.

Neurosurgery 2015; (76(3)):321-9 doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000610.

Carotid Near-Occlusion: A Comprehensive Review, Part 1--Definition, Terminology, and Diagnosis.

Johansson E, Fox AJ

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2016; (37(1)):2-10 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4432.

Definition of Best Medical Treatment in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Paraskevas KI, Mikhailidis DP, Veith FJ, Spence JD

Angiology 2016; (67(5)):411-9 doi:10.1177/0003319715624526.

Influence of smoking cessation drugs on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with cardiovascular disease or high risk score: real life setting.

Silva AP, Scholz J, Abe TO, et al.

BMC cardiovascular disorders 2016; (16()):2 doi:10.1186/s12872-015-0180-4.

Recurrent stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis awaiting revascularization: A pooled analysis.

Johansson E, Cuadrado-Godia E, Hayden D, et al.

Neurology 2016; (86(6)):498-504 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002354.

Time-Resolved 4-Dimensional Computed-Tomography Angiography Can Correctly Identify Carotid Pseudo-Occlusion.

Ng FC, Datta M, Choi PM

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2016; (25(4)):1005-6.

Relative Mean Transit Time Predicts Subsequent Stroke in Symptomatic Carotid Occlusion.

Grubb RL, Derdeyn CP, Videen TO, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2016; (25(6)):1421-4.

Circle of Willis Collateral During Temporary Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion II: Observations From Computed Tomography Angiography.

Wang BH, Leung A, Lownie SP

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 2016; (43(4)):538-42 doi:10.1017/cjn.2016.10.

Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Jusufovic M, Sandset EC, Skagen K, Skjelland M

Current hypertension reviews 2016; (12(2)):148-55 doi:10.2174/157340211202160525010133.

The Dual Role of Cerebral Autoregulation and Collateral Flow in the Circle of Willis After Major Vessel Occlusion.

Kennedy McConnell F, Payne S

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering 2017; (64(8)):1793-1802 doi:10.1109/TBME.2016.2623710.

Distinctive patterns on CT angiography characterize acute internal carotid artery occlusion subtypes.

Hong JM, Lee SE, Lee SJ, et al.

Medicine 2017; (96(5)):e5722 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005722.

Achieving low density lipoprotein-cholesterol<70mg/dL may be associated with a trend of reduced progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis in ischemic stroke patients.

Zhang Q, Liu S, Liu Y, et al.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2017; (378()):26-29 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.04.024.

Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Surgery, Stenting, or Medical Therapy?

Wabnitz AM, Turan TN

Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine 2017; (19(8)):62 doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0564-0.

Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Malhotra K, Goyal N, Tsivgoulis G

Current atherosclerosis reports 2017; (19(10)):41 doi:10.1007/s11883-017-0677-7.

Carotid near-occlusion frequently has high peak systolic velocity on Doppler ultrasound.

Khangure SR, Benhabib H, Machnowska M, et al.

Neuroradiology 2018; (60(1)):17-25 doi:10.1007/s00234-017-1938-4.

Inflammation in human carotid atheroma plaques.

Goikuria H, Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I

Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2018; (39()):62-70 doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.006.

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics among Subtypes of Visual Symptoms in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack: Analysis of the PROspective Multicenter registry to Identify Subsequent cardiovascular Events after TIA (PROMISE-TIA) Registry.

Tanaka K, Uehara T, Kimura K, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2018; (27(6)):1711-1716 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.01.031.

Pseudo-Occlusion of the Internal Carotid Artery Predicts Poor Outcome After Reperfusion Therapy.

Chen Z, Zhang M, Shi F, et al.

Stroke 2018; (49(5)):1204-1209 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021229.

Acute retinal arterial ischemia.

Dattilo M, Newman NJ, Biousse V

Annals of eye science 2018; (3()) doi:10.21037/aes.2018.05.04.

Rare Phenomenon of Limb-shaking TIA, Resolved With Intracranial Wingspan Stenting.

Ranasinghe T, Boo S, Adcock A

The neurologist 2019; (24(1)):37-39 doi:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000208.

Carotid artery stenting: Current state of evidence and future directions.

Lamanna A, Maingard J, Barras CD, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2019; (139(4)):318-333 doi:10.1111/ane.13062.

Evolution of surgical treatment of carotid artery stenosis: a single center observational study.

Soenens G, Moreels N, Vermassen F, et al.

Acta chirurgica Belgica 2020; (120(5)):301-309 doi:10.1080/00015458.2019.1607489.

Comparison of Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting for Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Near-Occlusion.

Kim J, Male S, Damania D, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2019; (40(7)):1207-1212 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6085.

Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al.

Stroke 2019; (50(12)):e344-e418 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000211.

Association of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization vs Transfemoral Carotid Artery Stenting With Stroke or Death Among Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Schermerhorn ML, Liang P, Eldrup-Jorgensen J, et al.

JAMA 2019; (322(23)):2313-2322 doi:10.1001/jama.2019.18441.

Pattern of Activated Pathways and Quality of Collateral Status in Patients with Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.

Connolly F, Röhl JE, Lopez-Prieto J, et al.

Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2019; (48(3-6)):244-250 doi:10.1159/000504663.

Anatomic criteria in the selection of treatment modality for atherosclerotic carotid artery disease.

Kumins NH, King AH, Ambani RN, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2020; (72(4)):1395-1404 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.041.

BE-FAST: A Sensitive Screening Tool to Identify In-Hospital Acute Ischemic Stroke.

El Ammar F, Ardelt A, Del Brutto VJ, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2020; (29(7)):104821 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104821.

Evaluation of chronic carotid artery occlusion by non-contrast 3D-MERGE MR vessel wall imaging: comparison with 3D-TOF-MRA, contrast-enhanced MRA, and DSA.

Zhang J, Ding S, Zhao H, et al.

European radiology 2020; (30(11)):5805-5814 doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06989-1.

Early Outcomes in the ROADSTER 2 Study of Transcarotid Artery Revascularization in Patients With Significant Carotid Artery Disease.

Kashyap VS, Schneider PA, Foteh M, et al.

Stroke 2020; (51(9)):2620-2629 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030550.

TransCarotid Revascularization With Dynamic Flow Reversal Versus Carotid Endarterectomy in the Vascular Quality Initiative Surveillance Project.

Malas MB, Dakour-Aridi H, Kashyap VS, et al.

Annals of surgery 2022; (276(2)):398-403 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004496.

Rationale, Design, and Implementation of Intensive Risk Factor Treatment in the CREST2 Trial.

Turan TN, Voeks JH, Chimowitz MI, et al.

Stroke 2020; (51(10)):2960-2971 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030730.

Cholesterol, carotid artery disease and stroke: what the vascular specialist needs to know.

Paraskevas KI, Veith FJ, Eckstein HH, et al.

Annals of translational medicine 2020; (8(19)):1265 doi:10.21037/atm.2020.02.176.

Chronic total occlusion and spontaneous recanalization of the internal carotid artery: Natural history and management strategy.

Lall A, Yavagal DR, Bornak A

Vascular 2021; (29(5)):733-741 doi:10.1177/1708538120978043.

Near-occlusion is difficult to diagnose with common carotid ultrasound methods.

Johansson E, Vanoli D, Bråten-Johansson I, et al.

Neuroradiology 2021; (63(5)):721-730 doi:10.1007/s00234-021-02687-x.

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.

Mendelson SJ, Prabhakaran S

JAMA 2021; (325(11)):1088-1098 doi:10.1001/jama.2020.26867.

[Imaging-based patient selection for mechanical thrombectomy based on time since symptom onset].

Cheng B, Broocks G

Der Nervenarzt 2021; (92(8)):733-743 doi:10.1007/s00115-021-01121-0.

Management of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis May Need to Be Individualized: A Multidisciplinary Call for Action.

Paraskevas KI, Mikhailidis DP, Baradaran H, et al.

Journal of stroke 2021; (23(2)):202-212 doi:10.5853/jos.2020.04273.

Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease.

AbuRahma AF, Avgerinos ED, Chang RW, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2022; (75(1S)):4S-22S doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.073.

European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis.

Bonati LH, Kakkos S, Berkefeld J, et al.

European stroke journal 2021; (6(2)):I-XLVII doi:10.1177/23969873211012121.

European Stroke Organisation guideline on endarterectomy and stenting for carotid artery stenosis.

Bonati LH, Kakkos S, Berkefeld J, et al.

European stroke journal 2021; (6(2)):I doi:10.1177/23969873211026990.

A narrative review of the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke in carotid plaques: a distinction versus a compromise between hemodynamic and embolic mechanism.

Mechtouff L, Rascle L, Crespy V, et al.

Annals of translational medicine 2021; (9(14)):1208 doi:10.21037/atm-20-7490.

In-Hospital Outcomes of Urgent, Early, or Late Revascularization for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Cui CL, Dakour-Aridi H, Lu JJ, et al.

Stroke 2022; (53(1)):100-107 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032410.

Computational modeling of atherosclerotic plaque progression in carotid lesions with moderate degree of stenosis.

Mantzaris MD, Siogkas PK, Tsakanikas VD, et al.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference 2021; (2021()):4209-4212 doi:10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630376.

New Cortical Spot Cerebral Infarction Out of Border Zone in ICA Occlusion Suggests Recanalization: A Case Report.

Inoue H, Oomura M, Nishikawa Y, et al.

NMC case report journal 2022; (9()):49-53 doi:10.2176/jns-nmc.2021-0403.

Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis Without Surgical Intervention.

Chang RW, Tucker LY, Rothenberg KA, et al.

JAMA 2022; (327(20)):1974-1982 doi:10.1001/jama.2022.4835.

Association of carotid revascularization approach with perioperative outcomes based on symptom status and degree of stenosis among octogenarians.

Kibrik P, Stonko DP, Alsheekh A, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2022; (76(3)):769-777.e2 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2022.04.027.

Antiplatelet regimens following carotid artery revascularization.

Lee M, Ahmed ZV, Huang J, et al.

American heart journal 2022; (253()):48-52 doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2022.07.004.

Spotlight on clinical strategies of Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion: Endovascular interventions and external-intracarotid bypasses compared to conservative treatment.

Wu J, Fang C, Wei L, et al.

Frontiers in surgery 2022; (9()):971066 doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.971066.

The Natural History of Carotid Artery Occlusions Diagnosed on Duplex Ultrasound.

Speranza G, Harish K, Rockman C, et al.

Annals of vascular surgery 2023; (91()):1-9 doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2022.11.030.

Endovascular recanalization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion: proposal of a modified angiographic classification and clinical outcomes.

Zhou C, Cao YZ, Liu S, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2023; (233()):107935 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107935.

Limb-Shaking And Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review.

Pitton Rissardo J, Fornari Caprara AL

The neurologist 2024; (29(2)):126-132 doi:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000526.

Duplex ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging in carotid artery occlusion diagnosis.

Speranza G, Harish K, Rockman C, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2024; (79(3)):577-583 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.11.029.

Mechanical thrombectomy for AIS from large vessel occlusion - current trends and future perspectives.

Parvathy G, Dey RC, Kutikuppala LVS, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2023; (85(12)):6021-6028 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000001385.

An analysis of the recommendations of the 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis.

AbuRahma A

Journal of vascular surgery 2024; (79(5)):1235-1239 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2023.12.041.

Seven years of the transcarotid artery revascularization surveillance project, comparison to transfemoral stenting and endarterectomy.

Straus S, Yadavalli SD, Allievi S, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2024; (80(5)):1455-1463 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2024.05.048.

Hemodynamic Stroke: Emerging Concepts, Risk Estimation, and Treatment.

Wegener S, Baron JC, Derdeyn CP, et al.

Stroke 2024; (55(7)):1940-1950 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.044386.

Appropriateness of care: Asymptomatic carotid stenosis including transcarotid artery revascularization.

Columbo JA, Stone DH

Seminars in vascular surgery 2024; (37(2)):179-187 doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2024.03.002.

The pitfalls and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with carotid near-occlusion: a narrative review.

Xia F, Zhao J, Bao L, Lyu X

Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery 2024; (14(12)):9600-9619 doi:10.21037/qims-24-1037.

Smoking Cessation Strategies After Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Nazir A, Shetty Ujjar S, Seddiki MO, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(4)) doi:10.3390/jcm14041388.

Carotid Stump Syndrome: A Case That Highlights the Necessity of Digital Subtraction Angiography for the Prompt Management of the Syndrome.

Stenos C, Anastasiou A, Nikolopoulou G, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (15(10)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics15101273.

A Case of Delayed-Onset Stent-Induced Dissection of the Internal Carotid Artery After Stenting for Near-Occlusion.

Terada E, Ozaki A, Tohara K, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(5)):e83855 doi:10.7759/cureus.83855.

Pathophysiology of Atherosclerotic Carotid Disease.

Bo-Ran Ho B, Batarseh P, Dardik A

Seminars in neurology 2026; (46(4)):326-335 doi:10.1055/a-2735-9854.

Endovascular Recanalization for Nonacute Carotid Artery Occlusion: A Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort Study.

Hou C, Shi X, Huo S, et al.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) 2024; (4(1)):e001002 doi:10.1161/SVIN.123.001002.

Optimal treatment of preclinical cardiovascular disease: A narrative review with a focus on carotid artery stenosis.

Paraskevas KI, Mikhailidis DP, Myrcha P, et al.

Seminars in vascular surgery 2026; (39(1)):2-11 doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2025.11.003.

An international, multispecialty consensus document on the optimal management of patients with internal carotid artery occlusion.

Paraskevas KI, Sultan S, Podlasek A, et al.

Journal of vascular surgery 2026; doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2026.04.044.

Beyond COSS: The Evolution of Hemodynamic Imaging and Revascularization Strategies in Chronic Cerebrovascular Occlusion.

Jumah F, Brooks H, Siddiq F, Otvos B

Missouri medicine 2026; (123(3)):253-257.

Short-term risk of recurrent stroke in symptomatic carotid near-occlusion: pooled analysis of three cohort studies.

García-Pastor A, Johansson E

European stroke journal 2026; (11(8)) doi:10.1093/esj/aakag100.