Cervical Polyp: A Patient Guide

A cervical polyp is a common, typically benign growth that develops on the cervix, the opening of the uterus. These small, fleshy lesions are usually shaped like a grape on a thin stalk and are often discovered by surprise during a routine pelvic exam or Pap test ^[1]. For most people, finding out there is a growth on the cervix can be alarming, but it is reassuring to know that the vast majority of these polyps are harmless and not cancerous ^[2].

While many cervical polyps are “silent” and cause no symptoms at all, they can sometimes lead to abnormal bleeding, such as spotting between periods or bleeding after sexual intercourse ^[3]. Because the tissue of a polyp is fragile and rich in tiny blood vessels, it can bleed easily when touched or irritated. However, a polyp rarely causes pain, so significant cramping or discomfort usually prompts a healthcare provider to look for other underlying causes ^[2].

The management of a cervical polyp depends largely on whether it is causing symptoms, its appearance, and your personal medical history. If a polyp is small and asymptomatic, a “wait and see” approach is often appropriate, provided your regular cancer screenings are up to date ^[4]. For polyps that are bleeding or look unusual, a simple office procedure called a polypectomy can remove them quickly. When removed, the tissue should be sent to a pathology lab to be examined under a microscope, which is the definitive way to confirm the growth is benign ^[5].

Special care must be taken when polyps are found during pregnancy or after menopause. In pregnancy, doctors must carefully weigh the risks and benefits of removal, as intervention can sometimes carry risks to the pregnancy ^[6]. For those who have reached menopause, any bleeding must be investigated thoroughly—including checking the lining of the uterus—to ensure that a visible polyp isn’t masking a separate, more serious issue ^[7]. Regardless of your stage of life, the discovery of a cervical polyp is a manageable condition that your care team can help you navigate with clarity and confidence.