Research & Literature

Chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea monophora in a man with nephritic syndrome.

Tan H, Xu Y, Lan XM, et al.

Mycopathologia 2015; (179(5-6)):447-52 doi:10.1007/s11046-014-9856-z.

Clinical and demographic profile of chromoblastomycosis in a referral service in the midwest of São Paulo state (Brazil).

Marques GF, Masuda PY, Sousa JM, et al.

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2015; (90(1)):140-2.

Squamous cell carcinoma derived from chronic chromoblastomycosis in Brazil.

Azevedo CM, Marques SG, Santos DW, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2015; (60(10)):1500-4 doi:10.1093/cid/civ104.

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS: A NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASE.

Queiroz-Telles F

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 2015; (57 Suppl 19()):46-50.

Global Spread of Human Chromoblastomycosis Is Driven by Recombinant Cladophialophora carrionii and Predominantly Clonal Fonsecaea Species.

Deng S, Tsui CK, Gerrits van den Ende AH, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2015; (9(10)):e0004004 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004004.

Predisposing factors and histopathological variants of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Experience from a North Indian teaching hospital.

Khullar G, Saikia UN, De D, et al.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology 2016; (82(3)):273-8 doi:10.4103/0378-6323.168936.

Chromoblastomycosis.

Queiroz-Telles F, de Hoog S, Santos DW, et al.

Clinical microbiology reviews 2017; (30(1)):233-276 doi:10.1128/CMR.00032-16.

Molecular Epidemiology of Agents of Human Chromoblastomycosis in Brazil with the Description of Two Novel Species.

Gomes RR, Vicente VA, Azevedo CM, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2016; (10(11)):e0005102 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005102.

Wide Morphologic Variability of Chromoblastomycosis in the Western Hemisphere.

Mugleston BJ, Usatine RP, Rosen T

Skinmed 2016; (14(6)):423-427.

Molecular identification of chromoblastomycosis clinical isolates in Guangdong.

Fransisca C, He Y, Chen Z, et al.

Medical mycology 2017; (55(8)):851-858 doi:10.1093/mmy/myw140.

Chromoblastomycosis in India: Review of 169 cases.

Agarwal R, Singh G, Ghosh A, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2017; (11(8)):e0005534 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005534.

Chromoblastomycosis and sporotrichosis, two endemic but neglected fungal infections in Madagascar.

Rasamoelina T, Raharolahy O, Rakotozandrindrainy N, et al.

Journal de mycologie medicale 2017; (27(3)):312-324 doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.08.003.

Chromoblastomycosis of the leg.

Sali AP, Sahay A

Polish journal of pathology : official journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists 2017; (68(2)):182-184 doi:10.5114/pjp.2017.69695.

Chromoblastomycosis in Taiwan: A report of 30 cases and a review of the literature.

Yang CS, Chen CB, Lee YY, et al.

Medical mycology 2018; (56(4)):395-405 doi:10.1093/mmy/myx075.

Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis of 10-year duration due to Fonsecaea nubica.

He L, Ma J, Mei X, et al.

Mycoses 2018; (61(4)):231-236 doi:10.1111/myc.12732.

Chromoblastomycosis: an etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment update.

Brito AC, Bittencourt MJS

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2018; (93(4)):495-506 doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187321.

An impressive case of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi in a patient with a long history of fungal infection.

Romero-Navarrete M, Ruíz LF, Castillo A, et al.

Journal de mycologie medicale 2018; (28(4)):663-665 doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.07.008.

Exophiala psychrophila: A new agent of chromoblastomycosis.

Garzon LM, Rueda LJ, Celis AM, et al.

Medical mycology case reports 2019; (23()):31-33 doi:10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.10.001.

Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis of Face with Verrucous Lesions: A Case Report.

Verma S, Verma G, Rattan R

Indian dermatology online journal 2019; (10(3)):303-306 doi:10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_272_18.

[Long-pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser combined with terbinafine against chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea nubica and the effect of laser therapy in a Wistar rat model].

Luo J, Feng P, Hu Y, et al.

Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University 2019; (39(6)):712-717 doi:10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.06.13.

Chromoblastomycosis in the Amazon region, Brazil, caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea nubica, and Rhinocladiella similis: Clinicopathology, susceptibility, and molecular identification.

de Andrade TS, de Almeida AMZ, Basano SA, et al.

Medical mycology 2020; (58(2)):172-180 doi:10.1093/mmy/myz034.

The Diagnosis of Fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases (Fungal NTDs) and the Role of Investigation and Laboratory Tests: An Expert Consensus Report.

Hay R, Denning DW, Bonifaz A, et al.

Tropical medicine and infectious disease 2019; (4(4)) doi:10.3390/tropicalmed4040122.

5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy associated with Itraconazole successfully treated a case of chromoblastomycosis.

Yang W, Zhang W, Luo J, et al.

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 2020; (29()):101589 doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101589.

An optimized Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for random insertional mutagenesis in Fonsecaea monophora.

Xiao X, Li Y, Qin J, et al.

Journal of microbiological methods 2020; (170()):105838 doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105838.

[Management of chromoblastomycosis, a challenge for limited-resource countries such as Madagascar].

Sendrasoa FA, Rakotoarisaona MF, Ranaivo IM, et al.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie 2020; (147(5)):377-382 doi:10.1016/j.annder.2020.01.018.

Case for diagnosis. Pruritic erythematosquamous lesion in the auricle.

Melo ED, Morais PM, Fernandes DCL, Rebello PFB

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2020; (95(4)):521-523 doi:10.1016/j.abd.2019.11.011.

Retinoid combined with photodynamic therapy against hyperkeratotic chromoblastomycosis: A case report and literature review.

Lan Y, Lu S, Zhang J

Mycoses 2021; (64(1)):18-23 doi:10.1111/myc.13190.

Clinical aspects of previously treated chromoblastomycosis: A case series from Madagascar.

Sendrasoa FA, Razanakoto NH, Rakotoarisaona MF, et al.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 2020; (101()):228-232 doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1479.

Chromoblastomycosis in an Endemic Area of Brazil: A Clinical-Epidemiological Analysis and a Worldwide Haplotype Network.

Santos DWCL, Vicente VA, Weiss VA, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2020; (6(4)) doi:10.3390/jof6040204.

Environmental Screening of Fonsecaea Agents of Chromoblastomycosis Using Rolling Circle Amplification.

Voidaleski MF, Gomes RR, Azevedo CMPES, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2020; (6(4)) doi:10.3390/jof6040290.

[Chromoblastomycosis].

Molochkov VA, Khlebnikova AN, Petrova MS, Bobrov MA

Arkhiv patologii 2020; (82(6)):59-62 doi:10.17116/patol20208206159.

[Treatment of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis].

Dobiáš R, Havlíček V

Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi 2020; (26(2)):62-68.

Melanin and chromoblastomycosis agents: Characterization, functions, and relation with antifungals.

Koehler A, Heidrich D, Pagani DM, et al.

Journal of basic microbiology 2021; (61(3)):203-211 doi:10.1002/jobm.202000664.

Chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea monophora in Mexico.

Campos-Macias P, Arenas R, Aquino CJ, et al.

Journal de mycologie medicale 2021; (31(2)):101114 doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101114.

Lower Limb Nodulo-ulcerative Lesion in Kidney Transplant Recipient - An Unusual Diagnosis.

Khandelwal S, Beniwal P, Malhotra V, et al.

Indian journal of nephrology 2020; (30(6)):427-429 doi:10.4103/ijn.IJN_131_19.

Doubly Misdiagnosed: Exophiala Masquerading as Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Chromoblastomycosis.

Guerra R, Guffey D, Russell M

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2022; (44(1)):e8-e10 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000001994.

The global burden of chromoblastomycosis.

Santos DWCL, de Azevedo CMPES, Vicente VA, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2021; (15(8)):e0009611 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009611.

Chromoblastomycosis evolving to sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

Belda Junior W, Criado PR, Casteleti P, Domingues Passero LF

Dermatology reports 2021; (13(2)):9009 doi:10.4081/dr.2021.9009.

Chromoblastomycosis in Latin America and the Caribbean: Epidemiology over the past 50 years.

Guevara A, Siqueira NP, Nery AF, et al.

Medical mycology 2021; (60(1)) doi:10.1093/mmy/myab062.

Successful treatment of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis with fester as primary manifestation with photodynamic therapy and anti-tubercular drugs.

Zhang Z, Liu J, Wan C, et al.

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy 2022; (38()):102763 doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102763.

Combination therapy for an elderly patient with chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea monophora: a case report.

Shen Y, Jiang B, Zhang H, et al.

Annals of translational medicine 2022; (10(2)):114 doi:10.21037/atm-21-6119.

Accuracy of direct examination and culture as compared to the anatomopathological examination for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis: a systematic review.

Borges JR, Ximenes BÁS, Miranda FTG, et al.

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2022; (97(4)):424-434 doi:10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.007.

The Role of Excision for Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis: A Cutaneous Fungal Infection Frequently Mistaken for Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Rolon AM, Tolaymat LM, Sokumbi O, Bodiford K

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] 2023; (49(7)):649-653 doi:10.1097/DSS.0000000000003800.

Chromoblastomycosis: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Shenoy MM, Girisha BS, Krishna S

Indian dermatology online journal 2023; (14(5)):665-669 doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_292_23.

Chromoblastomycosis Presenting with Sporotrichoid Distribution and Bony Destruction: A Rare Presentation.

Rao AG, Marepally N, Sindhu V, et al.

Indian journal of dermatology 2023; (68(4)):450-454 doi:10.4103/ijd.ijd_664_22.

New Immunological Markers in Chromoblastomycosis-The Importance of PD-1 and PD-L1 Molecules in Human Infection.

Cavallone IN, Belda W, de Carvalho CHC, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (9(12)) doi:10.3390/jof9121172.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and Th-2 dominant immune responses in chronic granulomatous chromobalstomycosis.

Huang H, Li M, Luo M, et al.

Medical mycology 2024; (62(2)) doi:10.1093/mmy/myae008.

Identification of Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis Agents through ITS-RFLP.

Sousa GSM, De Oliveira RS, De Souza AB, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (10(2)) doi:10.3390/jof10020159.

Nodular lesions of the buttock for 20 years: the challenge of chromoblastomycosis in non-endemic settings.

Osborne W, Langman G, Ladoyanni E, Chue A

BMJ case reports 2024; (17(3)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2023-258097.

Chromoblastomycosis in French Guiana: Epidemiology and Practices, 1955-2023.

Valentin J, Grotta G, Muller T, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (10(3)) doi:10.3390/jof10030168.

Triple therapy approach for treating chromoblastomycosis in a Lebanese patient.

Khodeir J, Ohanian P, Megarbane HAR

Clinical case reports 2024; (12(10)):e9392 doi:10.1002/ccr3.9392.

Chromoblastomycosis in Brazil: A review of 450 published cases.

Barbosa LSP, Souza YRC, Sasaki CS, et al.

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2024; (57()) doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0132-2024.

Secondary Myiasis in an Immunocompetent Patient With Severe Chromoblastomycosis.

Torres A, LeRoy CE, Sheth BS, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(10)):e72733 doi:10.7759/cureus.72733.

Treatment-Resistant Chromoblastomycosis Successfully Managed With Surgical Excision.

Martinelli MB, Cockerell CJ, Cohen PR

Cureus 2024; (16(11)):e73619 doi:10.7759/cureus.73619.

Deep Fungal Infections of Skin and Role of Histopathology in Diagnosis.

Dhar S, Pradhan S, Saha A, et al.

Indian journal of dermatology 2024; (69(6)):442-452 doi:10.4103/ijd.ijd_419_23.

Chromoblastomycosis is curable with DAT therapy (debulking, intralesional amphotericin B, oral terbinafine); case series of 16 patients.

Ranawaka RR, Abeywickrama V

Indian journal of pharmacology 2024; (56(6)):437-439 doi:10.4103/ijp.ijp_397_24.

Electric Heating Pad as an Adjuvant Treatment of Extensive Chromoblastomycosis in Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report.

Hidayah RMN, Gunawan H, Fauziah N, Rianty F

International medical case reports journal 2025; (18()):315-320 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S507453.

Establishment of epidemiological cutoff values for Fonsecaea pedrosoi, the primary etiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis, and eight antifungal medications.

Smith DJ, Melhem MSC, Dirven J, et al.

Journal of clinical microbiology 2025; (63(5)):e0190324 doi:10.1128/jcm.01903-24.

Molecular identification of Fonsecaea pedrosoi in chromoblastomycosis: Insights from paraffin-embedded human skin biopsies and clinicopathology.

Hernandez-Castro R, Arenas R, Esquivel-Pinto I, Rattananukrom T

Medical mycology 2025; (63(7)) doi:10.1093/mmy/myaf055.

Concurrent chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma: a unique case of dual neglected tropical fungal diseases in Asia.

Liu W, Xie S, Zhu G, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2025; (19(9)):e0013484 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013484.

Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycotic abscess-associated hospitalizations, United States, 2016-2021.

Smith DJ, Benedict K, Lockhart SR, Revankar SG

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2025; (19(9)):e0013499 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013499.

Quality of Life, Disability, and Fungal Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Cavanaugh AM, Ribeiro Dos Santos A, Freitas DFS, et al.

Current fungal infection reports 2025; (19(1)) doi:10.1007/s12281-025-00503-0.

An Atypical Case of Exophiala Bergeri Chromoblastomycosis in an Immunosuppromised Individual.

Mbatidde L, Thaliath L, Ethington EG, et al.

Clinical medicine & research 2025; (23(3)):125-128 doi:10.3121/cmr.2025.2044.

A Case of Chromoblastomycosis Caused by Knufia epidermidis Presenting as Multiple Dark Brown Papules in the Nasal Area.

Akimoto R, Nakamura K, Fukuda T

Medical mycology journal 2025; (66(4)):171-175 doi:10.3314/mmj.25-00015.

First Japanese Case of Chromoblastomycosis Caused by Phialophora europaea.

Okuyama C, Iwasawa MT, Miyachi H, et al.

Medical mycology journal 2025; (66(4)):213-217 doi:10.3314/mmj.25-00018.

Chromoblastomycosis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report.

Ullah M, Shahzad MK, Khan AM, Ramzan E

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96406 doi:10.7759/cureus.96406.

[Overview of Chromoblastomycosis, a neglected tropical disease: case report and narrative review].

Paternina-Colorado AJ, Melo-Maecha Y, Velasco-Castro JC, et al.

Revista alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico : 1993) 2025; (72(4)):367-371 doi:10.29262/ram.v72i4.1467.

In Vitro Activities of Five Antifungal Drugs Against Conidia and Sclerotic Cells of Chromoblastomycosis Agent Fonsecaea spp.

Takahashi AB, Grisólia DPA, Silva MBD, et al.

Microbiology and immunology 2026; (70(3)):139-147 doi:10.1111/1348-0421.70038.

Tricyclazole alleviates Fonsecaea pedrosoi-induced immune suppression of neutrophils by inhibiting DHN-melanin biosynthesis.

Zheng C, Li W, Wang Y, et al.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology 2025; (15()):1697287 doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1697287.

A Case of Recurrent Chromoblastomycosis Treated with Multiple Surgical Management Options.

Kelly M, Williams C, Miller R

Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (13(1)) doi:10.3390/dermatopathology13010010.

Implantation mycoses: A nationwide survey on diagnostic and treatment modalities in Nepal.

Parajuli N, Kiran U, Shrestha R, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2026; (20(4)):e0014223 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0014223.

Commentary on Charlier et al. article "Paleoproteomics reveals chromoblastomycosis as possible cause of King of France Louis XIV's death (1715)".

Demas A

Annales pharmaceutiques francaises 2026; (84(4)):553-555 doi:10.1016/j.pharma.2026.04.005.

Updates on Chromoblastomycosis: Evolving Insights in Clinical Management and Therapeutic Strategies.

Popovic K, Henao-Martínez AF, Teixeira MM, et al.

Current fungal infection reports 2026; (20()) doi:10.1007/s12281-026-00532-3.

Squamous cell carcinoma in chronic lesions of recalcitrant chromoblastomycosis. Study of ten patients treated at the Dermatological Center of Yucatán, Mexico.

Calderón Quiroz ER, Torres Guerrero E, Proy Trujillo H, et al.

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2026; (101(4)):501372 doi:10.1016/j.abd.2026.501372.

Chromoblastomycosis Leading to Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Overlooked Outcome of a Neglected Tropical Disease.

Smith DJ, Grijsen ML, Chincha O, et al.

Cutis 2026; (117(5)):143-145 doi:10.12788/cutis.1392.

Impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation by chitin underlies refractory chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi muriform cells.

Chen Y, Qu Z, Xie Z, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2026; (17()):1843553 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1843553.

Atypical Chromoblastomycosis Presenting as a Large Lesion of the Hand and Forearm Resembling Lupus Vulgaris: A Clinicopathological Case Report.

Wadhwa G, Mahendra A, Gupta S, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(8)):e115302 doi:10.7759/cureus.115302.