Research & Literature

Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly: is it worth screening?

Wong CW

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi 2015; (21(2)):155-64 doi:10.12809/hkmj144383.

Impact of the angulus biopsy for the detection of gastric preneoplastic conditions and gastric cancer risk assessment.

Varbanova M, Wex T, Jechorek D, et al.

Journal of clinical pathology 2016; (69(1)):19-25 doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202858.

Functional anatomy and physiology of gastric secretion.

Schubert ML

Current opinion in gastroenterology 2015; (31(6)):479-85 doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000213.

Autoimmune gastritis: Pathologist's viewpoint.

Coati I, Fassan M, Farinati F, et al.

World journal of gastroenterology 2015; (21(42)):12179-89 doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.12179.

Deletion of Men1 and somatostatin induces hypergastrinemia and gastric carcinoids.

Sundaresan S, Kang AJ, Hayes MM, et al.

Gut 2017; (66(6)):1012-1021 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310928.

The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Adults.

Fallone CA, Chiba N, van Zanten SV, et al.

Gastroenterology 2016; (151(1)):51-69.e14.

Pathophysiology and laboratory diagnosis of pernicious anemia.

Toh BH

Immunologic research 2017; (65(1)):326-330 doi:10.1007/s12026-016-8841-7.

Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review.

Cavalcoli F, Zilli A, Conte D, Massironi S

World journal of gastroenterology 2017; (23(4)):563-572 doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.563.

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis: current perspectives.

Minalyan A, Benhammou JN, Artashesyan A, et al.

Clinical and experimental gastroenterology 2017; (10()):19-27 doi:10.2147/CEG.S109123.

The correlation between histological gastritis staging- 'OLGA/OLGIM' and serum pepsinogen test in assessment of gastric atrophy/intestinal metaplasia in China.

Wang X, Lu B, Meng L, et al.

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2017; (52(8)):822-827 doi:10.1080/00365521.2017.1315739.

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Autoimmune Gastritis.

Cellini M, Santaguida MG, Virili C, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2017; (8()):92 doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00092.

Pseudothrombotic microangiopathy and vitamin B12 deficiency in pernicious anemia.

Veit K

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) 2017; (30(3)):346-347 doi:10.1080/08998280.2017.11929643.

An Atypical Presentation of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: Hemolytic Anemia and Mesenteric Panniculitis.

Azmaiparashvili Z, Jorge VM, Antunes C

Case reports in hematology 2017; (2017()):5498034 doi:10.1155/2017/5498034.

Physiologic, pathophysiologic, and pharmacologic regulation of gastric acid secretion.

Schubert ML

Current opinion in gastroenterology 2017; (33(6)):430-438 doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000392.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management.

Langan RC, Goodbred AJ

American family physician 2017; (96(6)):384-389.

Occurrence and predictors of metaplastic atrophic gastritis in a nation-wide consecutive endoscopic population presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

Lahner E, Carabotti M, Esposito G, et al.

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2018; (30(11)):1291-1296 doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001246.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (190). Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD).

Pearce MC, Choy G, Chen RC

Singapore medical journal 2018; (59(9)):460-464 doi:10.11622/smedj.2018109.

OLGA Gastritis Staging for the Prediction of Gastric Cancer Risk: A Long-term Follow-up Study of 7436 Patients.

Rugge M, Genta RM, Fassan M, et al.

The American journal of gastroenterology 2018; (113(11)):1621-1628 doi:10.1038/s41395-018-0353-8.

Barrett's oesophagus: A qualitative study of patient burden, care delivery experience and follow-up needs.

Britton J, Hamdy S, McLaughlin J, et al.

Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy 2019; (22(1)):21-33 doi:10.1111/hex.12817.

The changing face of chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis: an updated comprehensive perspective.

Massironi S, Zilli A, Elvevi A, Invernizzi P

Autoimmunity reviews 2019; (18(3)):215-222 doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.08.011.

Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS II): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva (SPED) guideline update 2019.

Pimentel-Nunes P, Libânio D, Marcos-Pinto R, et al.

Endoscopy 2019; (51(4)):365-388 doi:10.1055/a-0859-1883.

Autoimmune Gastritis.

Hall SN, Appelman HD

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2019; (143(11)):1327-1331 doi:10.5858/arpa.2019-0345-RA.

The Physiology of the Gastric Parietal Cell.

Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR

Physiological reviews 2020; (100(2)):573-602 doi:10.1152/physrev.00016.2019.

Gastric Peptides-Gastrin and Somatostatin.

Schubert ML, Rehfeld JF

Comprehensive Physiology 2019; (10(1)):197-228 doi:10.1002/cphy.c180035.

Thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity: Pathophysiology and implications for patient management.

Lahner E, Conti L, Cicone F, et al.

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2020; (34(1)):101373 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2019.101373.

A current clinical overview of atrophic gastritis.

Annibale B, Esposito G, Lahner E

Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology 2020; (14(2)):93-102 doi:10.1080/17474124.2020.1718491.

Diagnosing chronic atrophic gastritis by gastroscopy using artificial intelligence.

Zhang Y, Li F, Yuan F, et al.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2020; (52(5)):566-572 doi:10.1016/j.dld.2019.12.146.

Response and relapse rates after treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogs in multifocal or recurrent type-1 gastric carcinoids: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rossi RE, Invernizzi P, Mazzaferro V, Massironi S

United European gastroenterology journal 2020; (8(2)):140-147 doi:10.1177/2050640619890465.

Effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in preventing metachronous gastric cancer and preneoplastic lesions. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Khan MY, Aslam A, Mihali AB, et al.

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2020; (32(6)):686-694 doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001740.

Recent Guidelines on the Management of Patients with Gastric Atrophy: Common Points and Controversies.

Matysiak-Budnik T, Camargo MC, Piazuelo MB, Leja M

Digestive diseases and sciences 2020; (65(7)):1899-1903 doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06272-9.

Current Perspectives in Atrophic Gastritis.

Lahner E, Conti L, Annibale B, Corleto VD

Current gastroenterology reports 2020; (22(8)):38 doi:10.1007/s11894-020-00775-1.

Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation masks the underlying presence of low-grade dysplasia on gastric lesions.

Panarese A, Galatola G, Armentano R, et al.

World journal of gastroenterology 2020; (26(26)):3834-3850 doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i26.3834.

Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus.

Liou JM, Malfertheiner P, Lee YC, et al.

Gut 2020; (69(12)):2093-2112 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322368.

Selective Resection of Type 1 Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and the Risk of Progression in an Endoscopic Surveillance Programme.

Chin JL, O'Connell J, Muldoon C, et al.

Digestive surgery 2021; (38(1)):38-45 doi:10.1159/000510962.

A meta-analysis and systematic review on subtypes of gastric intestinal metaplasia and neoplasia risk.

Wei N, Zhou M, Lei S, et al.

Cancer cell international 2021; (21(1)):173 doi:10.1186/s12935-021-01869-0.

Severity of gastric intestinal metaplasia predicts the risk of gastric cancer: a prospective multicentre cohort study (GCEP).

Lee JWJ, Zhu F, Srivastava S, et al.

Gut 2022; (71(5)):854-863 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324057.

Pernicious anemia: Pathophysiology and diagnostic difficulties.

Htut TW, Thein KZ, Oo TH

Journal of evidence-based medicine 2021; (14(2)):161-169 doi:10.1111/jebm.12435.

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Presenting as Hemolytic Anemia due to Severe Vitamin B12 Deficiency.

Woodford AM, Chaudhry R, Conte GA, et al.

Case reports in hematology 2021; (2021()):9571072 doi:10.1155/2021/9571072.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Atrophic Gastritis: Expert Review.

Shah SC, Piazuelo MB, Kuipers EJ, Li D

Gastroenterology 2021; (161(4)):1325-1332.e7 doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.078.

Progression From Antral G-Cell Hyperplasia to Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Patient With Autoimmune Gastritis.

Brown P, Tetali B, Suresh S, Varma A

ACG case reports journal 2021; (8(8)):e00649 doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000649.

Induction and Regulation of the Innate Immune Response in Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Gobert AP, Wilson KT

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology 2022; (13(5)):1347-1363 doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.022.

Endoscopic management of subepithelial lesions including neuroendocrine neoplasms: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline.

Deprez PH, Moons LMG, OʼToole D, et al.

Endoscopy 2022; (54(4)):412-429 doi:10.1055/a-1751-5742.

Pernicious Anemia: The Hematological Presentation of a Multifaceted Disorder Caused by Cobalamin Deficiency.

Esposito G, Dottori L, Pivetta G, et al.

Nutrients 2022; (14(8)) doi:10.3390/nu14081672.

Pseudo-Thrombotic Microangiopathy Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency.

Morrissey D, Sun Y, Koilpillai S, et al.

Case reports in medicine 2022; (2022()):7306070 doi:10.1155/2022/7306070.

Management of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Aumpan N, Mahachai V, Vilaichone RK

JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2023; (7(1)):3-15 doi:10.1002/jgh3.12843.

Rhein Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis via Nrf2 and MAPK Signaling.

Liu S, Shu L, Yang J, et al.

The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 2023; (34(5)):525-532 doi:10.5152/tjg.2023.22251.

A Simple Vitamin Deficiency With Life-Threatening Complications: A Case of B12 Deficiency and Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Thrombosis.

Khaliq L, Kabir KF, Pyai K, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(8)):e42908 doi:10.7759/cureus.42908.

Update on Serum Biomarkers in Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis.

Dottori L, Pivetta G, Annibale B, Lahner E

Clinical chemistry 2023; (69(10)):1114-1131 doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvad082.

ROLE OF INCISURA ANGULARIS BIOPSY IN GASTRITIS STAGING AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF GASTRIC CÂNCER.

Ferrari F, Ogata DC, Mello CAL

Arquivos de gastroenterologia 2023; (60(4)):478-489 doi:10.1590/S0004-2803.23042023-120.

A Case of Pernicious Anemia Presenting With Severe Hemolysis.

Romero KN, Patel F, Rai O, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(12)):e50534 doi:10.7759/cureus.50534.

Iron deficiency in pernicious anemia: Specific features of iron deficient patients and preliminary data on response to iron supplementation.

Rogez J, Urbanski G, Vinatier E, et al.

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2024; (43(4)):1025-1032 doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.011.

Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis: A Clinical Review.

Castellana C, Eusebi LH, Dajti E, et al.

Cancers 2024; (16(7)) doi:10.3390/cancers16071310.

Oral vitamin B12 supplementation in pernicious anemia: a prospective cohort study.

Lacombe V, Vinatier E, Roquin G, et al.

The American journal of clinical nutrition 2024; (120(1)):217-224 doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.019.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Expert Review.

DeLoughery TG, Jackson CS, Ko CW, Rockey DC

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2024; (22(8)):1575-1583 doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.046.

Distinguishing Features of Autoimmune Gastritis Depending on Previous Helicobacter pylori Infection or Positivity to Anti-Parietal Cell Antibodies: Results From the Autoimmune gastRitis Italian netwOrk Study grOup (ARIOSO).

Lenti MV, Miceli E, Lahner E, et al.

The American journal of gastroenterology 2024; (119(12)):2408-2417 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002948.

Autoimmune Gastritis and Hypochlorhydria: Known Concepts from a New Perspective.

Vavallo M, Cingolani S, Cozza G, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2024; (25(13)) doi:10.3390/ijms25136818.

Pernicious anemia is a common cause of cobalamin deficiency-caused megaloblastic anemia in Hainan, China.

Shen M, Luo X, Wu C, et al.

Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2024; (29(1)):2399375 doi:10.1080/16078454.2024.2399375.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Screening and Surveillance in Individuals at Increased Risk for Gastric Cancer in the United States: Expert Review.

Shah SC, Wang AY, Wallace MB, Hwang JH

Gastroenterology 2025; (168(2)):405-416.e1 doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.001.

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Gastric Premalignant Conditions.

Morgan DR, Corral JE, Li D, et al.

The American journal of gastroenterology 2025; (120(4)):709-737 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000003350.

OLGA and OLGIM staging systems on the risk assessment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of prospective cohorts.

Benites-Goñi H, Cabrera-Hinojosa D, Latorre G, et al.

Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology 2025; (18()):17562848251325461 doi:10.1177/17562848251325461.

Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and early neoplasia of the stomach (MAPS III): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group (EHMSG) and European Society of Pathology (ESP) Guideline update 2025.

Dinis-Ribeiro M, Libânio D, Uchima H, et al.

Endoscopy 2025; (57(5)):504-554 doi:10.1055/a-2529-5025.

A long-standing undiagnosed case of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report.

Mesgarankarimi A, Rezapour M, Tabrizi N

Journal of medical case reports 2025; (19(1)):151 doi:10.1186/s13256-025-05149-7.

Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine Elian Granule for chronic atrophic gastritis: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Jia Q, Jia Y, Chen Y, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2025; (16()):1545313 doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1545313.

Hybrid identity and distinct methylation profiles of incomplete intestinal metaplasia in the stomach.

Kim H, Kim J, Jeong IH, et al.

Gut 2025; (75(1)):10-23 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2025-335793.

Symmetric Pseudoathetosis of Hands and Feet: A Rare Manifestation of Subacute Combined Cord Degeneration With Life-Threatening Thromboembolic Risk.

Siddiqui R, Canenguez J, Thatikonda N, et al.

Case reports in neurological medicine 2025; (2025()):1862715 doi:10.1155/crnm/1862715.

Associations of Patient Experience With Doctor-Patient Communication and Patient-Reported Physical and Mental Health in Seriously Ill Adults.

D'Ambruoso SF, Walling AM, Wenger NS, et al.

Journal of patient experience 2025; (12()):23743735251352601 doi:10.1177/23743735251352601.

Multifaceted Clinical Spectrum of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - a Case Report and Literature Review.

Pustelnik E, Pikora K, Hartman MZ, et al.

Journal of blood medicine 2025; (16()):391-411 doi:10.2147/JBM.S524466.

A Comprehensive Overview of Subacute Combined Degeneration: MRI Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Pathways.

Bernetti C, Cea L, Buoso A, et al.

Brain sciences 2025; (15(9)) doi:10.3390/brainsci15090972.

The indolent nature of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumors under 1 cm.

Dell'Unto E, Mandair D, Riding G, et al.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2026; (58(1)):119-124 doi:10.1016/j.dld.2025.09.011.

Autoimmune gastritis: Diagnosis, clinical management and natural history. A position paper by the Autoimmune gastRitis Italian netwOrk Study grOup (ARIOSO).

Lahner E, Lenti MV, Massironi S, et al.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2026; (58(1)):38-50 doi:10.1016/j.dld.2025.10.015.

Intramuscular Cyanocobalamin Treatment in Patients with Corpus Atrophic Gastritis and Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Efficacy and Predictors of Increased Requirement-A Monocentric Longitudinal Real-Life Cohort Study.

Schiavone FP, Pivetta G, Scalamonti S, et al.

Nutrients 2026; (18(2)) doi:10.3390/nu18020271.

Efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus R0011 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 as an adjuvant for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.

Kiattiweerasak A, Aumpan N, Chonprasertsuk S, et al.

Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) 2023; (2()):1245993 doi:10.3389/fgstr.2023.1245993.

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis-Risk of Cancer, Cancer Prevention, and Long-Term Consequences: Learnings from Five Decades with the Danish Polyposis Register.

Karstensen JG

APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2026; (134(5)):e70191 doi:10.1111/apm.70191.

Atrophic gastritis of distinct etiologies: malignant potential in Helicobacter pylori-associated and autoimmune forms.

Rokkas T, Rugge M

Annals of gastroenterology 2026; (39(3)):283-293 doi:10.20524/aog.2026.1065.

Breaking the Size Barrier: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of a Massive Flat Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Tagliamonte G, Giunta M, Ravizza D, et al.

ACG case reports journal 2026; (13(7)):e02228 doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000002228.

Incomplete Intestinal Metaplasia as a High-Risk Clinical Phenotype in Gastric Carcinogenesis: Implications for Surveillance and Management.

Wei H, Chen W, Chen X, et al.

Digestion 2026; 1-15 doi:10.1159/000553633.

Pernicious Anemia: A Rare Case of Vitamin B12 Deficiency With Hyperpigmentation and Pancytopenia.

Aryee EJ, Agyei-Yeboah H

Case reports in medicine 2026; (2026()):1262770 doi:10.1155/carm/1262770.

Gastric Mucosa Cancer Risk: The Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment Staging System.

Rugge M, Sbaraglia M, Fiorini G, et al.

The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research 2026; (26(3)):265-274 doi:10.7704/kjhugr.2026.0027.