Research & Literature

Tolerability of High-dose Baclofen in the Treatment of Patients with Alcohol Disorders: A Retrospective Study.

Rigal L, Legay Hoang L, Alexandre-Dubroeucq C, et al.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) 2015; (50(5)):551-7 doi:10.1093/alcalc/agv052.

Persistent Singultus Associated with Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections in a Septuagenarian: A Case Report and Review.

Odonkor CA, Smith B, Rivera K, Chhatre A

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation 2017; (96(1)):e1-e4 doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000526.

Neurotransmitters in hiccups.

Nausheen F, Mohsin H, Lakhan SE

SpringerPlus 2016; (5(1)):1357 doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3034-3.

Singultus: Avoiding a hiccup in care.

Gardecki J, Espinosa J, Lucerna A, Bernhardt J

The American journal of emergency medicine 2017; (35(6)):938.e1-938.e3 doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2016.12.056.

Persistent Hiccups After an Epidural Steroid Injection Successfully Treated With Baclofen: A Case Report.

Colorado B, Decker G

PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation 2017; (9(12)):1290-1293 doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.013.

Pharmacologic Interventions for Intractable and Persistent Hiccups: A Systematic Review.

Polito NB, Fellows SE

The Journal of emergency medicine 2017; (53(4)):540-549 doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.05.033.

Recurrent hiccups may signal brainstem pathology and should be investigated.

Shastin D, Nidamanuri P, Nannapaneni R

BMJ case reports 2018; (2018()) doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-222926.

Brain Abscess of Basal Ganglia Presenting with Persistent Hiccups.

Sweeney J, Bodman A, Hall WA

World neurosurgery 2018; (112()):182-185 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.139.

Intractable Hiccups.

Rouse S, Wodziak M

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2018; (18(8)):51 doi:10.1007/s11910-018-0856-0.

Intractable Hiccups Associated with Chiari Type I Malformation: Case Report and Literature Review.

Chen Z, Shang H, Zhao W, et al.

World neurosurgery 2018; (118()):329-331 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.065.

Persistent hiccups following cervical epidural steroid injection with betamethasone.

Ritz ML, Bailey C, Overstreet K, Gorlin A

International medical case reports journal 2018; (11()):263-264 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S174014.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with area postrema syndrome.

Okada K, Kobata M, Naruke S

Neurology. Clinical practice 2019; (9(2)):173-175 doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000586.

Intractable Hiccups: A Pearl in Demyelinating Disease.

Camara-Lemarroy CR, Abo Al Samh D, Boyko M, et al.

The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques 2019; (46(5)):623-624 doi:10.1017/cjn.2019.60.

Poetic Justice: A Case of Resolved Intractable Hiccups Following POEM for Achalasia.

Christian K, Wellington J, Kim R, et al.

ACG case reports journal 2019; (6(4)):e00001 doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000001.

Medication treatment of singultus in palliative care.

Kováčová B

Casopis lekaru ceskych 2019; (158(7-8)):306-309.

Intractable Hiccups as the Primary Symptom of a Perimedullary Arteriovenous Fistula at the Craniocervical Junction.

Sasaki K, Inoue T, Inoue T, et al.

World neurosurgery 2020; (141()):64-68 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.013.

Intractable hiccups as a rare gastrointestinal manifestation in severe endocrine and metabolic crisis: case report and review of the literature.

Li A, Jiang X, Zhong M, et al.

Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism 2020; (11()):2042018820934307 doi:10.1177/2042018820934307.

Hiccups: You got to be kidney me!

Nguyen V, Deeb K, Rathakrishnan R

SAGE open medical case reports 2020; (8()):2050313X20962641 doi:10.1177/2050313X20962641.

Treatment of hiccups in stroke rehabilitation with gabapentin: A case series and focused clinical review.

Got T, Vivas L, Fan C, MacNeill H

Topics in stroke rehabilitation 2021; (28(6)):475-480 doi:10.1080/10749357.2020.1834274.

Gabapentin versus baclofen for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux-induced chronic cough.

Zhang M, Zhu Y, Dong R, Qiu Z

Journal of thoracic disease 2020; (12(9)):5243-5250 doi:10.21037/jtd-2020-icc-002.

A case report of Vagus nerve stimulation for intractable hiccups.

Tariq K, Das JM, Monaghan S, et al.

International journal of surgery case reports 2021; (78()):219-222 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.023.

GABAB Receptor Chemistry and Pharmacology: Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators.

Nieto A, Bailey T, Kaczanowska K, McDonald P

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences 2022; (52()):81-118 doi:10.1007/7854_2021_232.

Persistent hiccups - A rare complication of suprahepatic inferior vena cava stenting.

Sebastian JJ, Raju R, Mathur K, Ayyappan MK

BMJ case reports 2021; (14(7)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-242707.

Hiccups as a Rare Presentation of Thyrotoxicosis Triaged by an Epidural Steroid Injection.

Al-Radideh O, Farouji I, DaCosta T, et al.

Cureus 2021; (13(7)):e16438 doi:10.7759/cureus.16438.

Intractable Hiccups in a Young Male: Is it a Tell-Tale Sign of Pseudocyst of Pancreas?

Talwar D, Kumar S, Acharya S, et al.

Cureus 2021; (13(9)):e17951 doi:10.7759/cureus.17951.

Intractable hiccups as the harbinger of a diffuse pontine glioma.

Shankar T, Pillai A, Kaeley N, Vempalli N

BMJ case reports 2022; (15(3)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-247830.

Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Anisodamine and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Intractable Hiccup after Stroke.

Wang J, Zhu Q, Zhang S, et al.

BioMed research international 2022; (2022()):6563193 doi:10.1155/2022/6563193.

Tips and tricks for the persistent hiccup management in a Telemedicine encounter.

Accorsi TAD, Moreira FT, Amicis K, et al.

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2022; (20()):eCE0155 doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2022CE0155.

Cervical repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation relieves idiopathic persistent hiccups: A preliminary study of case report.

Cai W, Xu G, Tian Z, et al.

Medicine 2022; (101(43)):e31324 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000031324.

Psychogenic hiccups in an older adult: A case report and literature review.

Al-Mahrouqi T, Al-Sabahi F, Al-Harrasi A, et al.

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 2023; (18(3)):560-565 doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.10.017.

Single-arm trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of baclofen in treatment of intractable hiccup caused by malignant tumor chemotherapy.

Mei M, Fang M, Mao Y, et al.

Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) 2023; (18(1)):20230664 doi:10.1515/med-2023-0664.

Area postrema syndrome: Intractable hiccups and vomiting as a result of neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum disorder.

Prabhu K, Woodman M

JRSM open 2023; (14(4)):20542704231159601 doi:10.1177/20542704231159601.

Successful Treatment of Persistent Hiccups in an Advanced Palliative Cancer Patient With Gabapentin: A Case Report.

Alshammary SA, Al Fraihat LAS, Farahat YH, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(3)):e36982 doi:10.7759/cureus.36982.

Rare case report of moxifloxacin-induced persistent hiccups.

Zhou J, Wang F, Li S

European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice 2024; (31(2)):165-167 doi:10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-003819.

Phrenic nerve block combined with stellate ganglion block for postoperative intractable hiccups: a case report.

Zhong Y, Deng J, Wang L, Zhang Y

The Journal of international medical research 2023; (51(8)):3000605231197069 doi:10.1177/03000605231197069.

Amantadine for the intractable hiccup when weaning a patient with a brainstem lesion-a case study.

Sangeetha RP, Srinivasaiah B, Sudhir V, Naik S

Indian journal of anaesthesia 2023; (67(9)):835-837 doi:10.4103/ija.ija_78_23.

[Persistent hiccups after perforated cholecystitis].

Olsen JE, Vandsemb EN, Treider MA, et al.

Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 2024; (144(1)) doi:10.4045/tidsskr.23.0437.

An Unusual Hiccup: Severe Singultus as a Symptom in Ulcerative Colitis.

Zaher A, Hans AK, Lukin DJ

ACG case reports journal 2024; (11(1)):e01258 doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000001258.

Prolonged hiccups induced by renal infarction: a case report.

Kato A, Sato N, Hirose Y, et al.

Journal of medical case reports 2024; (18(1)):34 doi:10.1186/s13256-024-04347-z.

Hiccups: An Atypical Manifestation of Miliary Tuberculosis and Myocardial Ischemia.

Ramrattan A, Aguilar C

Cureus 2024; (16(2)):e53595 doi:10.7759/cureus.53595.

Intractable Hiccups in a Patient With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Five-Month Ordeal Resolved Through Hemodialysis.

Minoretti P

Cureus 2024; (16(6)):e61725 doi:10.7759/cureus.61725.

The annoyance of singultus: a case report of a rare adverse effect after epidural steroid injection.

Mena S, Raj A, Caldwell W, Kaushal A

BMC anesthesiology 2024; (24(1)):302 doi:10.1186/s12871-024-02682-8.

A Case of Bronchopneumonia Presenting With Persistent Hiccups Successfully Treated With Clonazepam and a Traditional Kampo Medicine.

Yoshida N, Tanaka T, Suzuki Y, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(12)):e75237 doi:10.7759/cureus.75237.

Perioperative hiccup mystery: A comprehensive case report.

Batista C, Brandão JC, Valente S, Guedes A

Journal of perioperative practice 2025; (35(10)):422-425 doi:10.1177/17504589251318121.

COVID-19 Presenting With Intractable Hiccups: A Literature Review and a New Case.

Aloqaily M, Tarazi A, Ammar A, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(2)):e78701 doi:10.7759/cureus.78701.

Innovative neurovascular decompression for chronic intractable hiccups secondary to vertebral artery dolichoectasia: a novel surgical technique. Illustrative case.

Altayyar AA, Brokinkel B, Schick U, Fistouris P

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons 2025; (9(19)).

Intractable Hiccups Treated With Stellate Ganglion Block: Case Report.

Levin D, Alabre J, Gualtier R

Pain medicine case reports 2024; (8(7)):257-260.

Chylous ascites and persistent hiccups as complications after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.

Chang NW, Wang SC

BMJ case reports 2025; (18(8)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2025-267164.

Rapid Relief of Intractable Hiccups Through Bedside Diagnosis of Supragastric Belching: A Case Report.

Ueda T

Clinical case reports 2025; (13(8)):e70786 doi:10.1002/ccr3.70786.

Hiccups with a Twist: A Rare and Surprising Cause Behind Those Involuntary Spasms.

Mavuri V, Chudasama J, Chandnani SJ, et al.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2025; (73(7S)):61-62 doi:10.59556/japi.73.0959.

Successful Management of Intractable Hiccups in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Case Report on the Efficacy of Inhaled Nebulized Lidocaine.

Rizwanullah U, Dare Ibrahim A, Hyderi FA, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(7)):e88287 doi:10.7759/cureus.88287.

Efficacy and safety of peripheral magnetic stimulation for the treatment of intractable hiccups after stroke: a prospective, blinded, parallel randomized controlled clinical trial.

Liu Q, Jiang Y, Sun J, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2025; (16()):1615318 doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1615318.

Pharmacotherapy for Chronic & Intractable Hiccups in Palliative Care: A Mixed Methods Systematic & Umbrella Review.

Das A, Halpin S, Kondasinghe JS

Journal of pain and symptom management 2026; (71(3)):e336-e358 doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.11.010.

Amitriptyline for Refractory Idiopathic Intractable Hiccups: A Case Report.

Chowdhury D, McCarthy C, Bateman MT

Clinical neuropharmacology 2026; (49(2)):95-99 doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000665.

Phrenic Nerve Block for Intractable Hiccups: A Case Series.

Kalava A, Parikh S, Nguyen P, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96975 doi:10.7759/cureus.96975.

Unusual Presentation of Hyponatremia: Persistent Hiccups.

Lee S, Seo HW, Lee J, et al.

Electrolyte & blood pressure : E & BP 2025; (23(2)):43-48 doi:10.5049/EBP.2025.23.e6.

Intractable hiccup leading to life-threatening malnutrition: case report.

Miaśkiewicz K, Janiak M, Folwarski M

Frontiers in nutrition 2025; (12()):1729025 doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1729025.

Comparative efficacy and safety of acupoint injection-related therapies for the treatment of intractable hiccup after stroke: a network meta-analysis.

Tan J, Xu R, Lin L, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2026; (17()):1698913 doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1698913.

Case Report: Intractable hiccups induced by gallbladder necrosis after laparoscopic distal D2 radical gastrectomy: two cases report.

Zhao Z, Lin J

Frontiers in surgery 2026; (13()):1744253 doi:10.3389/fsurg.2026.1744253.