Research & Literature

Management of valvular disease in pregnancy: a global perspective.

Sliwa K, Johnson MR, Zilla P, Roos-Hesselink JW

European heart journal 2015; (36(18)):1078-89 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv050.

Approaches to Improving Adherence to Secondary Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Literature Review with a Global Perspective.

Rémond MG, Coyle ME, Mills JE, Maguire GP

Cardiology in review 2016; (24(2)):94-8 doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000065.

Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, et al.

Circulation 2015; (131(20)):1806-18 doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000205.

Anti-inflammatory treatment for carditis in acute rheumatic fever.

Cilliers A, Adler AJ, Saloojee H

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2015; CD003176 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003176.pub3.

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among children--American Samoa, 2011-2012.

Beaudoin A, Edison L, Introcaso CE, et al.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2015; (64(20)):555-8.

Pregnancy in Women With a Mechanical Heart Valve: Data of the European Society of Cardiology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease (ROPAC).

van Hagen IM, Roos-Hesselink JW, Ruys TP, et al.

Circulation 2015; (132(2)):132-42 doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015242.

M-Protein Analysis of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates Associated with Acute Rheumatic Fever in New Zealand.

Williamson DA, Smeesters PR, Steer AC, et al.

Journal of clinical microbiology 2015; (53(11)):3618-20 doi:10.1128/JCM.02129-15.

Evaluation and Treatment of Pericarditis: A Systematic Review.

Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M

JAMA 2015; (314(14)):1498-506 doi:10.1001/jama.2015.12763.

Tuberculous Constrictive Pericarditis.

Tse G, Ali A, Alpendurada F, et al.

Research in cardiovascular medicine 2015; (4(4)):e29614 doi:10.5812/cardiovascmed.29614.

Update on diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever: 2015 Jones criteria.

Eroğlu AG

Turk pediatri arsivi 2016; (51(1)):1-7 doi:10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2016.2397.

The 2015 revision of the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever: implications for practice in low-income and middle-income countries.

Beaton A, Carapetis J

Heart Asia 2015; (7(2)):7-11 doi:10.1136/heartasia-2015-010648.

Red blood cell distribution width: can it be a predictive marker for long-term valvular involvement in children with acute rheumatic carditis?

Kucuk M, Ozdemir R, Karadeniz C, et al.

International journal of laboratory hematology 2016; (38(5)):569-75 doi:10.1111/ijlh.12544.

Preliminary consultation on preferred product characteristics of benzathine penicillin G for secondary prophylaxis of rheumatic fever.

Wyber R, Boyd BJ, Colquhoun S, et al.

Drug delivery and translational research 2016; (6(5)):572-8 doi:10.1007/s13346-016-0313-z.

Sharing success - understanding barriers and enablers to secondary prophylaxis delivery for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Chamberlain-Salaun J, Mills J, Kevat PM, et al.

BMC cardiovascular disorders 2016; (16(1)):166 doi:10.1186/s12872-016-0344-x.

Clinical Outcomes in 3343 Children and Adults With Rheumatic Heart Disease From 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Two-Year Follow-Up of the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY Study).

Zühlke L, Karthikeyan G, Engel ME, et al.

Circulation 2016; (134(19)):1456-1466 doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024769.

Effect of Anakinra on Recurrent Pericarditis Among Patients With Colchicine Resistance and Corticosteroid Dependence: The AIRTRIP Randomized Clinical Trial.

Brucato A, Imazio M, Gattorno M, et al.

JAMA 2016; (316(18)):1906-1912 doi:10.1001/jama.2016.15826.

Pathophysiology of the Pericardium.

Hoit BD

Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2017; (59(4)):341-348 doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2016.11.001.

Exercise Testing and Stress Imaging in Mitral Valve Disease.

Voilliot D, Lancellotti P

Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine 2017; (19(3)):17 doi:10.1007/s11936-017-0516-8.

Congenital and Acquired Valvular Heart Disease in Pregnancy.

Goldstein SA, Ward CC

Current cardiology reports 2017; (19(10)):96 doi:10.1007/s11886-017-0910-6.

Tamponade: Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Diagnosis.

Kearns MJ, Walley KR

Chest 2018; (153(5)):1266-1275 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.11.003.

Acute rheumatic fever presenting as complete heart block: report of an adolescent case and review of literature.

Umapathy S, Saxena A

BMJ case reports 2018; (2018()) doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-223792.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease: Results From the Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease.

van Hagen IM, Thorne SA, Taha N, et al.

Circulation 2018; (137(8)):806-816 doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032561.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation in the Contemporary Era: Insights Into Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions.

El Sabbagh A, Reddy YNV, Nishimura RA

JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 2018; (11(4)):628-643 doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.01.009.

Rheumatic Heart Disease Prophylaxis in Older Patients: A Register-Based Audit of Adherence to Guidelines.

Holland JV, Hardie K, de Dassel J, Ralph AP

Open forum infectious diseases 2018; (5(6)):ofy125 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy125.

Delayed Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever in a Patient with Multiple Emergency Department Visits.

Kaminecki I, Verma R, Brunetto J, Rivera LI

Case reports in pediatrics 2018; (2018()):9467131 doi:10.1155/2018/9467131.

Acute rheumatic fever.

Karthikeyan G, Guilherme L

Lancet (London, England) 2018; (392(10142)):161-174 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30999-1.

Streptococcal Serology in Acute Rheumatic Fever Patients: Findings From 2 High-income, High-burden Settings.

Jack S, Moreland NJ, Meagher J, et al.

The Pediatric infectious disease journal 2019; (38(1)):e1-e6 doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000002190.

Prevalence, risk determinants and consequences of atrial fibrillation in rheumatic heart disease: 6 years hospital based-Himachal Pradesh- Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease (HP-RF/RHD) Registry.

Negi PC, Sondhi S, Rana V, et al.

Indian heart journal 2018; (70 Suppl 3()):S68-S73 doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2018.05.013.

Separating Acute Rheumatic Fever from Nonrheumatic Streptococcal Myocarditis.

Derbas LA, Samanta A, Potla S, et al.

Case reports in medicine 2019; (2019()):4674875 doi:10.1155/2019/4674875.

Molecular Mimicry, Autoimmunity, and Infection: The Cross-Reactive Antigens of Group A Streptococci and their Sequelae.

Cunningham MW

Microbiology spectrum 2019; (7(4)) doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0045-2018.

Acute rheumatic fever diagnosis and management: Review of the global implications of the new revised diagnostic criteria with a focus on Saudi Arabia.

Alqanatish J, Alfadhel A, Albelali A, Alqahtani D

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association 2019; (31(4)):273-281 doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2019.07.002.

Anakinra for corticosteroid-dependent and colchicine-resistant pericarditis: The IRAP (International Registry of Anakinra for Pericarditis) study.

Imazio M, Andreis A, De Ferrari GM, et al.

European journal of preventive cardiology 2020; (27(9)):956-964 doi:10.1177/2047487319879534.

Tolerability of IM penicillin G benzathine diluted or not with local anesthetics, or different gauge needles for syphilis treatment: a randomized clinical trial.

Estrada V, Santiago E, Cabezas I, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2019; (19(1)):883 doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4490-5.

Features of heritable disorders of connective tissue in children with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Boyarchuk O

Reumatologia 2020; (58(1)):21-25 doi:10.5114/reum.2020.93509.

Development and Evaluation of a New Triplex Immunoassay That Detects Group A Streptococcus Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever.

Whitcombe AL, Hanson-Manful P, Jack S, et al.

Journal of clinical microbiology 2020; (58(9)) doi:10.1128/JCM.00300-20.

Colchicine ameliorates the chronic inflammatory state in patients with chronic rheumatic valvular heart disease: a pilot study.

Rifaie O, Badr M, Salam AA, Galal H

The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology 2020; (72(1)):42 doi:10.1186/s43044-020-00080-2.

RHAPSODY: Rationale for and design of a pivotal Phase 3 trial to assess efficacy and safety of rilonacept, an interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β trap, in patients with recurrent pericarditis.

Klein AL, Imazio M, Brucato A, et al.

American heart journal 2020; (228()):81-90 doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2020.07.004.

Unusual presentation of rheumatic fever in a 3-year-old child in the UK.

Miller T, Aung Y, Blundell D, Kona ASESA

BMJ case reports 2020; (13(9)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-232595.

The personal and clinical impact of screen-detected maternal rheumatic heart disease in Uganda: a prospective follow up study.

Voleti S, Okello E, Murali M, et al.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2020; (20(1)):611 doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03189-z.

Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatic Heart Disease: Implications for Closing the Gap: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Kumar RK, Antunes MJ, Beaton A, et al.

Circulation 2020; (142(20)):e337-e357 doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000921.

The 2020 Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Ralph AP, Noonan S, Wade V, Currie BJ

The Medical journal of Australia 2021; (214(5)):220-227 doi:10.5694/mja2.50851.

Phase 3 Trial of Interleukin-1 Trap Rilonacept in Recurrent Pericarditis.

Klein AL, Imazio M, Cremer P, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2021; (384(1)):31-41 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027892.

Rheumatic heart disease: A review of the current status of global research activity.

Dooley LM, Ahmad TB, Pandey M, et al.

Autoimmunity reviews 2021; (20(2)):102740 doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102740.

Effusive-constrictive pericarditis in the spectrum of pericardial compressive syndromes.

Janus SE, Hoit BD

Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2021; doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316664.

Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease Pathophysiology and Underlying Mechanisms.

Passos LSA, Nunes MCP, Aikawa E

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 2020; (7()):612716 doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.612716.

A case report of isolated rheumatic tricuspid regurgitation and pericarditis.

Alhadramy O

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 2021; (16(1)):121-126 doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.11.007.

An evidence-based scoring system to diagnose acute rheumatic fever with carditis in children.

Narang R, Saxena A, Ramakrishnan S, et al.

International journal of cardiology 2021; (333()):146-151 doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.084.

Pericarditis in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.

Diaz-Arocutipa C, Saucedo-Chinchay J, Imazio M

Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) 2021; (22(9)):693-700 doi:10.2459/JCM.0000000000001202.

Aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity and anemia in children with acute rheumatic fever.

Altay D, Pamukçu Ö, Baykan A, et al.

The Turkish journal of pediatrics 2021; (63(2)):193-199.

In Search of the Holy Grail: A Specific Diagnostic Test for Rheumatic Fever.

McMillan DJ, Rafeek RAM, Norton RE, et al.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 2021; (8()):674805 doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.674805.

Non-infectious thrombotic endocarditis associated with chronic rheumatic heart disease and disseminated tuberculosis.

Sekar A, Naganur S

Autopsy & case reports 2021; (11()):e2021269 doi:10.4322/acr.2021.269.

Right Atrial Thrombus in a Patient of Rheumatic Heart Disease with Severe Mitral Regurgitation: A Rare Association.

Rohila AK, Kumar S, Khichar S, et al.

Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets 2021; (21(3)):202-205 doi:10.2174/1871529X21666211018104733.

Comparison of group A streptococcal titres in healthy children and those with pharyngitis and skin infections.

Bennett J, Moreland NJ, Williamson DA, et al.

The Journal of infection 2022; (84(1)):24-30 doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.10.014.

Suspected acute rheumatic fever in a young man in England.

Wilson ZM, Craster K

BMJ case reports 2021; (14(11)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2021-244469.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating pharmacologic therapies for acute and recurrent pericarditis.

Melendo-Viu M, Marchán-Lopez Á, Guarch CJ, et al.

Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2023; (33(5)):319-326 doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2022.02.001.

Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Highlighting the Role of Group A Streptococcus in the Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease.

Auala T, Zavale BG, Mbakwem AÇ, Mocumbi AO

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; (11(5)) doi:10.3390/pathogens11050496.

Pericardial tamponade: A comprehensive emergency medicine and echocardiography review.

Alerhand S, Adrian RJ, Long B, Avila J

The American journal of emergency medicine 2022; (58()):159-174 doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.001.

Acute Rheumatic Fever: Case Report and Literature Review.

Noguchi K, Arain N, Galloway C

South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association 2022; (75(5)):212-215.

From Streptococcal Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis to Myocarditis: A Systematic Review.

Schmutzler L, Mirna M, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease 2022; (9(6)) doi:10.3390/jcdd9060170.

Acute rheumatic fever in adult patients.

Wang CR, Lee NY, Tsai HW, et al.

Medicine 2022; (101(26)):e29833 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000029833.

Cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis due to Actinomyces meyeri bacterial pericarditis: a case report.

Eng-Frost J, Murray L, Lorensini S, Harjit-Singh RS

European heart journal. Case reports 2022; (6(7)):ytac260 doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytac260.

[Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in an adult male].

Usme MMN, Bublak A, Atmowihardjo I, Spencker S

Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) 2022; (63(9)):990-993 doi:10.1007/s00108-022-01357-1.

Therapeutics for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Ralph AP, Currie BJ

Australian prescriber 2022; (45(4)):104-112 doi:10.18773/austprescr.2022.034.

Recommendations for the Use of Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography.

Pandian NG, Kim JK, Arias-Godinez JA, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 2023; (36(1)):3-28 doi:10.1016/j.echo.2022.10.009.

Qualitative assessment of healthy volunteer experience receiving subcutaneous infusions of high-dose benzathine penicillin G (SCIP) provides insights into design of late phase clinical studies.

Enkel SL, Kado J, Hla TK, et al.

PloS one 2023; (18(4)):e0285037 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0285037.

A Rare Case of Congestive Heart Failure due to Isolated Aortic Valve Disease in a Middle-Aged Man Secondary to Rheumatic Fever.

Panduranga VT, Gorantla A, Ahmed A, et al.

Journal of medical cases 2023; (14(5)):149-154 doi:10.14740/jmc4090.

Echocardiography Assessment of Rheumatic Heart Disease: Implications for Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty.

Mohamed Ali A, Packer EJS, Omdal TR, et al.

Current problems in cardiology 2023; (48(12)):102021 doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102021.

2023 World Heart Federation guidelines for the echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease.

Rwebembera J, Marangou J, Mwita JC, et al.

Nature reviews. Cardiology 2024; (21(4)):250-263 doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00940-9.

Subcutaneous infusion of high-dose benzathine penicillin G is safe, tolerable, and suitable for less-frequent dosing for rheumatic heart disease secondary prophylaxis: a phase 1 open-label population pharmacokinetic study.

Kado J, Salman S, Hla TK, et al.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2023; (67(12)):e0096223 doi:10.1128/aac.00962-23.

Outcome following acute and recurrent rheumatic fever.

Silvilairat S, Sornwai A, Sethasathien S, et al.

Paediatrics and international child health 2024; (44(1)):13-17 doi:10.1080/20469047.2024.2313330.

Comparing the outcomes of rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy complicated with and without atrial fibrillation: A propensity score matched analysis.

Keepanasseril A, Pande SN, Suriya Y, et al.

American heart journal 2024; (273()):140-147 doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2024.04.002.

Local anaesthetic to reduce injection pain in patients who are prescribed intramuscular benzathine penicillin G: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pelone F, Kwok B, Ahmed S, et al.

EClinicalMedicine 2024; (76()):102817 doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102817.

Long-term antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of rheumatic fever recurrence and progression to rheumatic heart disease.

Bray JJ, Thompson S, Seitler S, et al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024; (9()):CD015779 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015779.

Unmasking Rheumatic Heart Disease Decades Later in a Patient With a Remote History of Rheumatic Fever Despite Prolonged Antibiotic Prophylaxis.

Hayee S, Maliha M, Chowdhury S, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(9)):e69367 doi:10.7759/cureus.69367.

Elevated Trans-mitral Pressure Gradient Predicts Surgery in Young People with Moderate-Severe Rheumatic Mitral Regurgitation.

Williamson JM, Whalley GA, Horton AE, et al.

Pediatric cardiology 2025; (46(8)):2328-2338 doi:10.1007/s00246-024-03660-0.

Acceptability and Implementation Challenges of Benzathine Penicillin G Secondary Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study.

Birru EM, Batty KT, Manning L, et al.

Global heart 2025; (20(1)):8 doi:10.5334/gh.1393.

Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Early Identification of Tamponade: A Case Series.

Kovacevic M, Cooper JM, Krater R

Cureus 2025; (17(2)):e78823 doi:10.7759/cureus.78823.

Acute Rheumatic Fever in an Adult Female Patient Presenting With Chest Pain: A Case Report.

Reel M, Haidar J, Blanco A, Boccio E

Cureus 2025; (17(3)):e80133 doi:10.7759/cureus.80133.

Pregnancy with a prosthetic heart valve, thrombosis, and bleeding: the ESC EORP Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease III.

van der Zande JA, Ramlakhan KP, Sliwa K, et al.

European heart journal 2026; (47(11)):1318-1335 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf265.

Beyond rheumatic: therapeutic implications in mitral regurgitation.

Selvam N, Brown K, Puello YC, et al.

Cardiology in the young 2025; (35(7)):1518-1522 doi:10.1017/S1047951125101248.

Integrating secondary prevention of rheumatic heart disease into the primary healthcare system in Northern Uganda.

Minja NW, Pulle J, Rwebembera J, et al.

BMJ global health 2025; (10(8)) doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2024-018835.

Global Longitudinal Strain and Biomarker Dynamics in Children With Acute Rheumatic Fever and Mitral Regurgitation: A 12-Month Prospective Study.

Çelik SF, Karagoz U

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e97492 doi:10.7759/cureus.97492.

Implementing the World Health Organization Guidelines for Rheumatic Heart Disease in Highly Endemic Settings: Balancing Evidence with Reality.

Ali SKM

Global heart 2026; (21(1)):9 doi:10.5334/gh.1527.

Atrial fibrillation-induced severe left ventricular dysfunction postmitral valve replacement in an adolescent with rheumatic mitral regurgitation.

Chawla R, Shrivastava Y, Gupta A, Duggal B

BMJ case reports 2026; (19(2)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2025-267313.

Multiparametric CMR in Myocarditis: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnostic Advances, Prognostic Value, and the Challenge of Genetic Mimics.

Alam W, Hamrouni H, Choneva I, Moini C

Biomedicines 2026; (14(3)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines14030588.

Myocarditis Following Invasive Group A Streptococcus Infection: Important Differential Diagnostic Distinctions.

Oxman JM, Bourne M, Perlman DC, Sells N

Case reports in infectious diseases 2026; (2026()):5349221 doi:10.1155/crdi/5349221.

Sydenham's Chorea as the Sole Presenting Symptom of Acute Rheumatic Fever in a 14-Year-Old Boy: A Case Report.

Nashwan O, Elmezayen ZW, Alrabadi B, et al.

Clinical medicine insights. Case reports 2026; (19()):11795476261437634 doi:10.1177/11795476261437634.

Determinants of secondary prophylaxis for childhood rheumatic heart disease in Ethiopia: A qualitative study of children and caregivers.

Birru EM, Batty KT, Manning L, et al.

PloS one 2026; (21(5)):e0349776 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0349776.

A forgotten cause of chest pain in the United States: a case report on acute rheumatic fever.

Miller JA, Kim R, Kadiyala M, et al.

Journal of medical case reports 2026; (20(1)).

Echocardiographic evidence of silent carditis in asymptomatic children with elevated antistreptolysin O titers: a cross-sectional study.

Koç S, Arslan D

Cardiology in the young 2026; 1-5 doi:10.1017/S1047951126113730.

LIMIT Trial: Lidocaine with Intramuscular Injection of Benzathine Penicillin G for Treponema pallidum Treatment.

Cherabie J, Weatherall G, Kojima P, et al.

Sexually transmitted diseases 2026; doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000002400.