Research & Literature

Clinical efficacy and safety of ICS/LABA in patients with combined idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Dong F, Zhang Y, Chi F, et al.

International journal of clinical and experimental medicine 2015; (8(6)):8617-25.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in comparison with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Tomioka H, Mamesaya N, Yamashita S, et al.

BMJ open respiratory research 2016; (3(1)):e000099 doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2015-000099.

Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Thrombosis with Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: A Case Report.

Agrawal MB, Awad NT

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR 2016; (10(5)):OD07-8 doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/18558.7721.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: The many aspects of a cohabitation contract.

Papaioannou AI, Kostikas K, Manali ED, et al.

Respiratory medicine 2016; (117()):14-26.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis.

Zhang L, Zhang C, Dong F, et al.

BMC pulmonary medicine 2016; (16(1)):137 doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0300-7.

Histological analysis of vasculopathy associated with pulmonary hypertension in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or emphysema alone.

Awano N, Inomata M, Ikushima S, et al.

Histopathology 2017; (70(6)):896-905 doi:10.1111/his.13153.

Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor-β1 and susceptibility to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a Chinese population.

Xu L, Bian W, Gu XH, Shen C

The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2017; (33(3)):124-129 doi:10.1016/j.kjms.2016.12.004.

Functional and prognostic effects when emphysema complicates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Jacob J, Bartholmai BJ, Rajagopalan S, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2017; (50(1)) doi:10.1183/13993003.00379-2017.

Severe pulmonary hypertension due to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: another cause of death among smokers.

Hirano ACG, Targueta EP, Ferraz de Campos FP, et al.

Autopsy & case reports 2017; (7(2)):15-26 doi:10.4322/acr.2017.022.

Recent lessons learned in the management of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Kondoh Y, Cottin V, Brown KK

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2017; (26(145)) doi:10.1183/16000617.0050-2017.

Likelihood of pulmonary hypertension in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Jacob J, Bartholmai BJ, Rajagopalan S, et al.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 2018; (23(6)):593-599 doi:10.1111/resp.13231.

[THE SYNDROME OF COMBINED PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND EMPHYSEMA - CPFE].

Wand O, Kramer MR

Harefuah 2018; (157(1)):28-33.

Comparison of CPI and GAP models in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a nationwide cohort study.

Lee SH, Park JS, Kim SY, et al.

Scientific reports 2018; (8(1)):4784 doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23073-3.

Presence of lung cancer and high gender, age, and physiology score as predictors of acute exacerbation in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: A retrospective study.

Oh JY, Lee YS, Min KH, et al.

Medicine 2018; (97(31)):e11683 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011683.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in systemic sclerosis: A syndrome associated with heavy morbidity and mortality.

Champtiaux N, Cottin V, Chassagnon G, et al.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2019; (49(1)):98-104 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.10.011.

HRCT diagnosis of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a patient of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with pulmonary hypertension and clinical or radiograph suspicion of pulmonary fibrosis.

Manjunath KS, Udnur H

BJR case reports 2016; (2(4)):20150070 doi:10.1259/bjrcr.20150070.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema as a clinicoradiologic entity: Characterization of presenting lung fibrosis and implications for survival.

Alsumrain M, De Giacomi F, Nasim F, et al.

Respiratory medicine 2019; (146()):106-112 doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2018.12.003.

Distribution of emphysema and fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with coexisting emphysema.

Kinoshita Y, Watanabe K, Ishii H, et al.

Histopathology 2019; (74(7)):1103-1108 doi:10.1111/his.13831.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema characteristics in a Greek cohort.

Malli F, Papakosta D, Antoniou K, et al.

ERJ open research 2019; (5(1)) doi:10.1183/23120541.00014-2018.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: How does cohabitation affect respiratory functions?

Çiftci F, Gülpınar B, Atasoy Ç, et al.

Advances in medical sciences 2019; (64(2)):285-291 doi:10.1016/j.advms.2019.03.005.

Adenosine and hyaluronan promote lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Collum SD, Molina JG, Hanmandlu A, et al.

Disease models & mechanisms 2019; (12(5)) doi:10.1242/dmm.038711.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Pulmonary Function Testing and a Pathophysiology Perspective.

Amariei DE, Dodia N, Deepak J, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2019; (55(9)) doi:10.3390/medicina55090580.

Antifibrotic therapy for fibrotic lung disease beyond idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Collins BF, Raghu G

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2019; (28(153)) doi:10.1183/16000617.0022-2019.

Uncovering the mechanisms of exertional dyspnoea in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Costa CM, Neder JA, Verrastro CG, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2020; (55(1)) doi:10.1183/13993003.01319-2019.

Improvement of pulmonary arterial compliance by pulmonary vasodilator in pulmonary hypertension from combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Kusaka K, Morio Y, Kimura Y, et al.

Respiratory medicine case reports 2019; (28()):100940 doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100940.

The Gly82Ser mutation in AGER contributes to pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in Japanese patients.

Kinjo T, Kitaguchi Y, Droma Y, et al.

Scientific reports 2020; (10(1)):12811 doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69184-8.

Objective quantitative multidetector computed tomography assessments in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis with emphysema: Relationship with pulmonary function and clinical events.

Suzuki M, Kawata N, Abe M, et al.

PloS one 2020; (15(9)):e0239066 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239066.

Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: A new concept and indication of nintedanib.

Makino S

Modern rheumatology 2021; (31(1)):13-19 doi:10.1080/14397595.2020.1826665.

Home Oxygen Therapy for Adults with Chronic Lung Disease. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Jacobs SS, Krishnan JA, Lederer DJ, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2020; (202(10)):e121-e141 doi:10.1164/rccm.202009-3608ST.

Lung cancer in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a large retrospective cohort analysis.

Nasim F, Moua T

ERJ open research 2020; (6(4)) doi:10.1183/23120541.00521-2020.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE) Clinical Features and Management.

Hage R, Gautschi F, Steinack C, Schuurmans MM

International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021; (16()):167-177 doi:10.2147/COPD.S286360.

Impact of lung morphology on clinical outcomes with riociguat in patients with pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the RISE-IIP study.

Nathan SD, Cottin V, Behr J, et al.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 2021; (40(6)):494-503 doi:10.1016/j.healun.2021.02.006.

An increased risk of lung cancer in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema patients with usual interstitial pneumonia compared with patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chen Q, Liu P, Zhou H, et al.

Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 2021; (15()):17534666211017050 doi:10.1177/17534666211017050.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema After Lung Transplantation.

Takahashi T, Terada Y, Pasque MK, et al.

Chest 2021; (160(5)):1743-1750 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.036.

Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Munchel JK, Shea BS

Rhode Island medical journal (2013) 2021; (104(7)):26-29.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease.

Choi JY, Song JW, Rhee CK

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 2022; (85(2)):122-136 doi:10.4046/trd.2021.0141.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (an Update) and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Adults: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline.

Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Richeldi L, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2022; (205(9)):e18-e47 doi:10.1164/rccm.202202-0399ST.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema and Digital Clubbing.

Rasul TF, Bergholz DR, Rovinski R, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(4)):e24231 doi:10.7759/cureus.24231.

Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Research Statement.

Cottin V, Selman M, Inoue Y, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2022; (206(4)):e7-e41 doi:10.1164/rccm.202206-1041ST.

Outcomes of Lung Transplantation in Patients With Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: A Single-Center Experience.

Narula T, Martin AK, Asif AA, et al.

Transplantation proceedings 2023; (55(2)):449-455 doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.01.010.

Connective Tissue Disease Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

Matson SM, Demoruelle MK

Immunology and allergy clinics of North America 2023; (43(2)):229-244 doi:10.1016/j.iac.2023.01.005.

An increased risk of pulmonary hypertension in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a meta-analysis.

Ni H, Wei Y, Yang L, Wang Q

BMC pulmonary medicine 2023; (23(1)):221 doi:10.1186/s12890-023-02425-4.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Comparative Evidence on a Complex Condition.

Calaras D, Mathioudakis AG, Lazar Z, Corlateanu A

Biomedicines 2023; (11(6)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines11061636.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema in a Patient With Chronic Occupational Exposure to Trichloroethylene.

Asif H, Braman SS

Military medicine 2024; (189(3-4)):e907-e910 doi:10.1093/milmed/usad359.

Mortality surrogates in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Zhao A, Gudmundsson E, Mogulkoc N, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2024; (63(4)) doi:10.1183/13993003.00127-2023.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Caceres JD, Venkata A

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2024; (30(2)):167-173 doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000001044.

Pulmonary Hypertension With Interstitial Pneumonia: Initial Treatment Effectiveness and Severity in a Japan Registry.

Tanabe N, Kumamaru H, Tamura Y, et al.

JACC. Asia 2024; (4(5)):403-417 doi:10.1016/j.jacasi.2024.01.009.

Clinical implications of six-minute walk test in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study.

Kim MJ, Nathan SD, Kim HH, Kim HC

Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 2024; (18()):17534666241275329 doi:10.1177/17534666241275329.

Incidence of and predictive factors for lung cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A retrospective long-term follow-up study.

Mori S, Hasegawa M, Sakai F, et al.

Modern rheumatology 2025; (35(2)):240-248 doi:10.1093/mr/roae084.

Pirfenidone as a Cornerstone in the Management of Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases and Its Emerging Applications: A Comprehensive Review.

Babariya H, Gaidhane SA, Acharya S, Kumar S

Cureus 2024; (16(9)):e70497 doi:10.7759/cureus.70497.

The Potential Role of Cigarette Smoke, Elastic Fibers, and Secondary Lung Injury in the Transition of Pulmonary Emphysema to Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema.

Cantor J

International journal of molecular sciences 2024; (25(21)) doi:10.3390/ijms252111793.

Prognostic value of a composite physiologic index developed by adding bronchial and hyperlucent volumes quantified via artificial intelligence technology.

Uyama M, Handa T, Uozumi R, et al.

Respiratory research 2024; (25(1)):442 doi:10.1186/s12931-024-03075-8.

Emphysema or fibrosis progression in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Zhai L, Wang F, Liu H, et al.

The American journal of the medical sciences 2025; (369(5)):562-567 doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2025.01.004.

Association of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in rheumatoid arthritis with high titer of rheumatoid factor and autoimmunity to the lung.

Ma A, Huang R, Guo J, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2025; (16()):1514552 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1514552.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE): A "New" Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD).

Afloarei CA, Birladeanu T, Pintilie AL, et al.

Biomedicines 2025; (13(11)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines13112703.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a narrative review.

Zeng W, Liang B, Ou X

Frontiers in medicine 2025; (12()):1683252 doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1683252.

Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease: Early Diagnosis and Treatment.

León-Román F, Martínez-Besteiro E, Iturbe D, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2025; (61(12)) doi:10.3390/medicina61122097.

Radiologic Pattern of Fibrosis in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Impact on Disease Trajectories and Prognostic Outcomes.

Kim MS, Choe J, Hwang HJ, et al.

Radiology 2026; (318(2)):e251686 doi:10.1148/radiol.251686.

Prognostic factors in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Xu L, Zang D, Yan R, et al.

Journal of thoracic disease 2026; (18(2)):92 doi:10.21037/jtd-2025-aw-2054.

Long-term follow-up results of patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: A single-center experience.

Calis AG, Uzer F, Gurbuz AF, et al.

Respiratory medicine 2026; (255()):108780 doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2026.108780.

[Analysis of external respiratory function disturbances in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema].

Markov NV, Khodorik NA, Ilkovich MM, et al.

Terapevticheskii arkhiv 2026; (98(3)):154-161 doi:10.26442/00403660.2026.03.203538.

Use of Oxygen in the Emergency Department.

Guglielmi R, Campanella A, Villar J, Ferrando C

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine 2026; doi:10.1055/a-2946-5854.

The Efficacy of Antifibrotics in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: A Nationwide Multicentre Retrospective Cohort Study.

Gwon HR, Lee J, Chung MP, et al.

Archivos de bronconeumologia 2026; doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2026.08.001.