Research & Literature

Early ART After Cryptococcal Meningitis Is Associated With Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis and Macrophage Activation in a Multisite Randomized Trial.

Scriven JE, Rhein J, Hullsiek KH, et al.

The Journal of infectious diseases 2015; (212(5)):769-78 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv067.

Cryptococcal meningitis in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Zhong Y, Li M, Liu J, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2015; (131()):59-63.

Flucytosine Pharmacokinetics in a Critically Ill Patient Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Kunka ME, Cady EA, Woo HC, Thompson Bastin ML

Case reports in critical care 2015; (2015()):927496 doi:10.1155/2015/927496.

Toxicity of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate-Based Induction Therapy in Patients with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Bicanic T, Bottomley C, Loyse A, et al.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2015; (59(12)):7224-31 doi:10.1128/AAC.01698-15.

Direct Invasion of the Optic Nerves, Chiasm, and Tracts by Cryptococcus neoformans in an Immunocompetent Host.

Merkler AE, Gaines N, Baradaran H, et al.

The Neurohospitalist 2015; (5(4)):217-22 doi:10.1177/1941874415569072.

Clinical study of 23 pediatric patients with cryptococcosis.

Luo FL, Tao YH, Wang YM, Li H

European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2015; (19(20)):3801-10.

Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment Strategies Affected by the Explosive Cost of Flucytosine in the United States: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis.

Merry M, Boulware DR

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016; (62(12)):1564-8 doi:10.1093/cid/ciw151.

Prognostic implications of baseline anaemia and changes in haemoglobin concentrations with amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis.

Tugume L, Morawski BM, Abassi M, et al.

HIV medicine 2017; (18(1)):13-20 doi:10.1111/hiv.12387.

Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin.

Cogliati M, D'Amicis R, Zani A, et al.

FEMS yeast research 2016; (16(4)).

Repeated therapeutic lumbar punctures in cryptococcal meningitis - necessity and/or opportunity?

Chang CC, Perfect JR

Current opinion in infectious diseases 2016; (29(6)):539-545 doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000315.

Corticosteroids for the management of severe intracranial hypertension in meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus gattii: A case report and review.

Maciel RA, Ferreira LS, Wirth F, et al.

Journal de mycologie medicale 2017; (27(1)):109-112 doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.09.003.

Integrated therapy for HIV and cryptococcosis.

Srichatrapimuk S, Sungkanuparph S

AIDS research and therapy 2016; (13(1)):42 doi:10.1186/s12981-016-0126-7.

Central nervous system infections in immunocompromised patients.

Sonneville R, Magalhaes E, Meyfroidt G

Current opinion in critical care 2017; (23(2)):128-133 doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000397.

Cerebrovascular injury in cryptococcal meningitis.

Mishra AK, Arvind VH, Muliyil D, et al.

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society 2018; (13(1)):57-65 doi:10.1177/1747493017706240.

Noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.

Bollela VR, Frigieri G, Vilar FC, et al.

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica 2017; (50(9)):e6392 doi:10.1590/1414-431X20176392.

Long-term Mortality and Disability in Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Systematic Literature Review.

Pasquier E, Kunda J, De Beaudrap P, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2018; (66(7)):1122-1132 doi:10.1093/cid/cix870.

CD4+ T Cells Orchestrate Lethal Immune Pathology despite Fungal Clearance during Cryptococcus neoformans Meningoencephalitis.

Neal LM, Xing E, Xu J, et al.

mBio 2017; (8(6)) doi:10.1128/mBio.01415-17.

Neurological Sequelae of Adult Meningitis in Africa: A Systematic Literature Review.

Goldberg DW, Tenforde MW, Mitchell HK, Jarvis JN

Open forum infectious diseases 2018; (5(1)):ofx246 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx246.

Community-Acquired Meningitis in HIV-Infected Patients in the United States.

Vigil KJ, Salazar L, Hasbun R

AIDS patient care and STDs 2018; (32(2)):42-47 doi:10.1089/apc.2017.0286.

Visual loss in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: A case series and review of the mechanisms involved.

Moodley A, Rae W, Bhigjee A

Southern African journal of HIV medicine 2015; (16(1)):305 doi:10.4102/sajhivmed.v16i1.305.

Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.

Spec A, Powderly WG

Handbook of clinical neurology 2018; (152()):139-150 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00011-6.

The status of cryptococcosis in Latin America.

Firacative C, Lizarazo J, Illnait-Zaragozí MT, et al.

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2018; (113(7)):e170554 doi:10.1590/0074-02760170554.

The Frozen Brain State of Cryptococcus gattii: A Globe-Trotting, Tropical, Neurotropic Fungus.

Akins PT, Jian B

Neurocritical care 2019; (30(2)):272-279 doi:10.1007/s12028-018-0538-4.

Treatment of cryptococcosis in non-HIV immunocompromised patients.

Henao-Martínez AF, Chastain DB, Franco-Paredes C

Current opinion in infectious diseases 2018; (31(4)):278-285 doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000458.

Early versus delayed antiretroviral treatment in HIV-positive people with cryptococcal meningitis.

Eshun-Wilson I, Okwen MP, Richardson M, Bicanic T

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2018; (7()):CD009012 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009012.pub3.

Ischemic stroke as a complication of cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report.

Ellis JP, Kalata N, Joekes EC, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2018; (18(1)):520 doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3386-0.

Lacunar Stroke in Cryptococcal Meningitis: Clinical and Radiographic Features.

Vela-Duarte D, Nyberg E, Sillau S, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2019; (28(6)):1767-1772 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.12.043.

Cryptococcosis in solid organ transplantation-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.

Baddley JW, Forrest GN,

Clinical transplantation 2019; (33(9)):e13543 doi:10.1111/ctr.13543.

Cryptococcal Meningitis in an Apparent Immunocompetent Patient.

Poley M, Koubek R, Walsh L, McGillen B

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports 2019; (7()):2324709619834578 doi:10.1177/2324709619834578.

Recent advances in managing HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.

Boyer-Chammard T, Temfack E, Alanio A, et al.

F1000Research 2019; (8()) doi:10.12688/f1000research.17673.1.

A Case Report: Tragic Death in a Young Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Due to Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Loye A, Gabriel O, Zhang XC

Cureus 2019; (11(5)):e4652 doi:10.7759/cureus.4652.

Central Nervous System Cryptococcal Infections in Non-HIV Infected Patients.

Beardsley J, Sorrell TC, Chen SC

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2019; (5(3)) doi:10.3390/jof5030071.

New Insights Into Cryptococcus Spp. Biology and Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Temfack E, Boyer-Chammard T, Lawrence D, et al.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2019; (19(10)):81 doi:10.1007/s11910-019-0993-0.

Evaluation of the Biofire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis assay for the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii.

Van TT, Kim TH, Butler-Wu SM

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2020; (26(10)):1375-1379 doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.007.

Seizures in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: Predictors and Outcomes.

Pastick KA, Bangdiwala AS, Abassi M, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2019; (6(11)):ofz478 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz478.

Infective patterns of cryptococcosis in patients with connective tissue disease: a retrospective study.

Lao M, Gong Y, Shen C, et al.

Clinical rheumatology 2020; (39(10)):3071-3081 doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05068-6.

Case Report: A Case of Severe Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Presenting with Brain and Intradural Abscesses in an HIV Patient.

Kalinoski T, Malenfant J, Yim C, Jeng A

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2020; (103(2)):713-718.

Landmark clinical observations and immunopathogenesis pathways linked to HIV and Cryptococcus fatal central nervous system co-infection.

Okurut S, Boulware DR, Olobo J, Meya DB

Mycoses 2020; (63(8)):840-853 doi:10.1111/myc.13122.

Pathogen and host genetics underpinning cryptococcal disease.

Coelho C, Farrer RA

Advances in genetics 2020; (105()):1-66 doi:10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.02.001.

Cryptococcal meningitis: a review of cryptococcal antigen screening programs in Africa.

Greene G, Lawrence DS, Jordan A, et al.

Expert review of anti-infective therapy 2021; (19(2)):233-244 doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1785871.

An Antivirulence Approach for Preventing Cryptococcus neoformans from Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier via Novel Natural Product Inhibitors of a Fungal Metalloprotease.

Aaron PA, Vu K, Gelli A

mBio 2020; (11(4)) doi:10.1128/mBio.01249-20.

A comparative evaluation of three methods for the rapid diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) among HIV-infected patients in Northern Malawi.

Chisale MR, Salema D, Sinyiza F, et al.

Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi 2020; (32(1)):3-7 doi:10.4314/mmj.v32i1.2.

Cryptococcal Antigen in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid for Detecting Cryptococcal Meningitis in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies.

Temfack E, Rim JJB, Spijker R, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021; (72(7)):1268-1278 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1243.

Society of Critical Care Medicine's International Consensus Conference on Prediction and Identification of Long-Term Impairments After Critical Illness.

Mikkelsen ME, Still M, Anderson BJ, et al.

Critical care medicine 2020; (48(11)):1670-1679 doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004586.

Surgical treatment and operation time in human immunodeficiency virus-negative cryptococcal meningitis.

Zhao J, Zhao X, Yang S, et al.

Medicine 2020; (99(42)):e22546 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000022546.

Triple therapy combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunts can improve neurological function and shorten hospitalization time in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis patients with increased intracranial pressure.

Li M, Liu J, Deng X, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2020; (20(1)):844 doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05510-9.

Delays in lumbar puncture are independently associated with mortality in cryptococcal meningitis: a nationwide study.

Mansoor AE, Thompson J, Sarwari AR

Infectious diseases (London, England) 2021; (53(5)):361-369 doi:10.1080/23744235.2021.1889656.

MSG07: An International Cohort Study Comparing Epidemiology and Outcomes of Patients With Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii Infections.

Baddley JW, Chen SC, Huisingh C, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021; (73(7)):1133-1141 doi:10.1093/cid/ciab268.

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Species Complexes in Latin America: A Map of Molecular Types, Genotypic Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility as Reported by the Latin American Cryptococcal Study Group.

Firacative C, Meyer W, Castañeda E

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (7(4)) doi:10.3390/jof7040282.

Fungal Burden and Raised Intracranial Pressure Are Independently Associated With Visual Loss in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Molloy SF, Ross B, Kanyama C, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2021; (8(4)):ofab066 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab066.

Environmental Status of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Colombia.

Serna-Espinosa BN, Guzmán-Sanabria D, Forero-Castro M, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (7(6)) doi:10.3390/jof7060410.

Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex as an Opportunistic Pathogen: Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with the Infection.

Yang DH, England MR, Salvator H, et al.

mBio 2021; (12(5)):e0270821 doi:10.1128/mBio.02708-21.

Bilateral Cranial Nerve VI Palsies in Cryptococcal Meningitis, HIV, and Syphilis: A Case Report.

Rival G, Okorji O, Kern R, et al.

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine 2021; (5(4)):515-518 doi:10.5811/cpcem.2021.8.53347.

Obstructive Hydrocephalus Secondary to Cryptococcal Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Adult.

Seetahal-Maraj P, Giddings S, Ramcharan K, Ramnarine N

Cureus 2021; (13(10)):e18975 doi:10.7759/cureus.18975.

Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Jarvis JN, Lawrence DS, Meya DB, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2022; (386(12)):1109-1120 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2111904.

Clinical characteristics and image features of pulmonary cryptococcosis: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases in a Chinese hospital.

Lu Y, Ding M, Huang J, et al.

BMC pulmonary medicine 2022; (22(1)):137 doi:10.1186/s12890-022-01930-2.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Lu CW, Liu WD, Hsu HH, et al.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2022; (121(11)):2237-2247 doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2022.04.014.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Mortality in Cryptococcal Meningitis: Evidence From a Cohort Study.

Wang F, Wang Y, He J, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2022; (13()):779435 doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.779435.

Cryptococcus gattii Infection as the Major Clinical Manifestation in Patients with Autoantibodies Against Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.

Wang SY, Lo YF, Shih HP, et al.

Journal of clinical immunology 2022; (42(8)):1730-1741 doi:10.1007/s10875-022-01341-2.

How Applicable Is the Single-Dose AMBITION Regimen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis to High-Income Settings?

Harrison TS, Lawrence DS, Mwandumba HC, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023; (76(5)):944-949 doi:10.1093/cid/ciac792.

Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in the Central Nervous System: The Battle between Host and Pathogen.

Chen Y, Shi ZW, Strickland AB, Shi M

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; (8(10)) doi:10.3390/jof8101069.

Recurrence of Symptoms Following Cryptococcal Meningitis: Characterizing a Diagnostic Conundrum With Multiple Etiologies.

Bahr NC, Skipper CP, Huppler-Hullsiek K, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023; (76(6)):1080-1087 doi:10.1093/cid/ciac853.

Safety of triazole antifungals: a pharmacovigilance study from 2004 to 2021 based on FAERS.

Chai S, Zhan JL, Zhao LM, Liu XD

Therapeutic advances in drug safety 2022; (13()):20420986221143266 doi:10.1177/20420986221143266.

Reversal of uniocular blindness with corticosteroids in a solid organ transplant recipient with cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS): A case report.

Tirlangi P, Challa HPR, Keithi-Reddy SR, et al.

Journal de mycologie medicale 2023; (33(3)):101406 doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101406.

Neuroimaging of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Patients without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Data from a Multi-Center Cohort Study.

Anjum SH, Bennett JE, Dean O, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (9(5)) doi:10.3390/jof9050594.

German guidelines on community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis in adults.

Klein M, Abdel-Hadi C, Bühler R, et al.

Neurological research and practice 2023; (5(1)):44 doi:10.1186/s42466-023-00264-6.

Finger-Prick Whole Blood Cryptococcal Antigen Lateral Flow Assay for the Diagnosis of Cryptococcosis in HIV-Negative Patients: A Case Series Study in Two Tertiary Centers in São Paulo, Brazil.

Vidal JE, Oliveira FG, Vieira M, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (9(12)) doi:10.3390/jof9121140.

Autoantibodies neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-negative Colombian patients infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans.

Arango-Franco CA, Rojas J, Firacative C, et al.

Research square 2024; doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3873029/v1.

Cerebrospinal fluid shunting for the management of cryptococcal meningitis: a scoping review.

Cornejo-Venegas G, Carreras X, Salcedo AS, et al.

Therapeutic advances in infectious disease 2024; (11()):20499361241228666 doi:10.1177/20499361241228666.

Once-Weekly Liposomal Amphotericin B Use for Maintenance and Consolidation Phase Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Patients With AIDS.

Belinschi V, Iheagwara C, Muhanna A

Cureus 2024; (16(3)):e55824 doi:10.7759/cureus.55824.

Infectious Diseases Physician Management of Cryptococcal Meningitis in North America-Is Single High-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Being Used?

Bahr NC, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2024; (11(6)):ofae120 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae120.

Life after meningitis: a qualitative study exploring survivors' experience of living with sequelae.

Balint C, Deary V, Rodrigues AM

Psychology & health 2025; (40(12)):2036-2054 doi:10.1080/08870446.2024.2373371.

Antigen Titers in Cryptococcal Meningitis: What Determines How Fast They Fall?

Bennett JE, Williamson PR

The Journal of infectious diseases 2024; (230(5)):1291-1296 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiae354.

Characteristics of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in a tertiary Chilean hospital: An observational retrospective study.

Elicer I, Eugenin L, Acuña MP, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2024; (244()):108423 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108423.

Reframing the clinical phenotype and management of cryptococcal meningitis.

Rocha MF, Bain HDC, Stone N, et al.

Practical neurology 2025; (25(1)):25-39 doi:10.1136/pn-2024-004133.

Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Cryptococcus neoformans Dissemination to the Central Nervous System.

Al-Huthaifi AM, Radman BA, Al-Alawi AA, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (10(8)) doi:10.3390/jof10080586.

Comparison of mNGS with conventional methods for diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis: a retrospective study.

Jiang ZJ, Hong JC, Lin BW, et al.

Scientific reports 2025; (15(1)):3656 doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86481-2.

Neurocognitive Impairment Among Cryptococcal Meningitis Survivors in Uganda, a Prospective Cohort Study.

Nsangi L, Hullsiek KH, Dai B, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2025; (12(2)):ofaf054 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaf054.

Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment Beyond HIV: Recognizing the Need for Individualized Immune-Based Strategies.

Yoon H, Pirofski LA, Boulware DR

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2025; (81(5)):917-922 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaf218.

Induction Treatment for HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

Milsap D, Okuno M, Kigozi E, et al.

Microorganisms 2025; (13(4)) doi:10.3390/microorganisms13040847.

Neurological Sequelae After Paediatric Cryptococcal Meningitis.

Gifford A, Patel SA, Matlakala M, et al.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (11(11)) doi:10.3390/jof11110767.

Liposomal amphotericin B and renal safety: review of the evidence and clinical considerations.

Maertens J, Birne R, Felton T, et al.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2026; (81(2)) doi:10.1093/jac/dkaf473.

Headache as a Predictor of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Ambulatory Patients With Symptomatic HIV-associated Cryptococcal Antigenemia.

Najjuka SM, Poeschla A, Wele A, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2026; (13(2)):ofag027 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofag027.

Lumbar puncture frequency and patient survival among persons hospitalized with cryptococcal meningitis in the United States.

Okuno M, Schwartz EL, Benedict K, et al.

Medical mycology 2026; (64(3)) doi:10.1093/mmy/myag021.

Severe hyponatremia masking cryptococcal meningitis in a fingolimod-treated patient: a case report.

Nakahara S, Fujiuchi B, Nakata T, Majewski LL

AME case reports 2026; (10()):144 doi:10.21037/acr-2026-0110.