Research & Literature

Thalamic abnormalities in children with continuous spike-wave during slow-wave sleep: An F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography perspective.

Agarwal R, Kumar A, Tiwari VN, Chugani H

Epilepsia 2016; (57(2)):263-71 doi:10.1111/epi.13278.

A prospective study of dexamethasone therapy in refractory epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep.

Chen J, Cai F, Jiang L, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2016; (55()):1-5.

How to Manage Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep.

Veggiotti P, Pera MC, Olivotto S, De Giorgis V

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society 2016; (33(1)):3-9 doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000235.

The syndrome of polymicrogyria, thalamic hypoplasia, and epilepsy with CSWS.

Bartolini E, Falchi M, Zellini F, et al.

Neurology 2016; (86(13)):1250-9 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002526.

Immediate termination of electrical status epilepticus in sleep after hemispherotomy is associated with significant progress in language development.

Gröppel G, Dorfer C, Dressler A, et al.

Developmental medicine and child neurology 2017; (59(1)):89-97 doi:10.1111/dmcn.13233.

Hemispherotomy in children with electrical status epilepticus of sleep.

Jeong A, Strahle J, Vellimana AK, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2017; (19(1)):56-62 doi:10.3171/2016.8.PEDS16319.

Reduced thalamic volume in patients with Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep.

Sánchez Fernández I, Peters JM, Akhondi-Asl A, et al.

Epilepsy research 2017; (130()):74-80 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.01.010.

Neurobehavioral consequences of continuous spike and waves during slow sleep (CSWS) in a pediatric population: A pattern of developmental hindrance.

De Giorgis V, Filippini M, Macasaet JA, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2017; (74()):1-9 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.018.

Remission of encephalopathy with status epilepticus (ESES) during sleep renormalizes regulation of slow wave sleep.

Bölsterli BK, Gardella E, Pavlidis E, et al.

Epilepsia 2017; (58(11)):1892-1901 doi:10.1111/epi.13910.

Treatment of electrical status epilepticus in sleep: Clinical and EEG characteristics and response to 147 treatments in 47 patients.

van den Munckhof B, Alderweireld C, Davelaar S, et al.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2018; (22(1)):64-71 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.08.006.

A new cause of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep: CDKL5 disorder.

Arican P, Gencpinar P, Olgac Dundar N

Neurocase 2019; (25(1-2)):59-61 doi:10.1080/13554794.2019.1612923.

EEG features in Encephalopathy related to Status Epilepticus during slow Sleep.

Gardella E, Cantalupo G, Larsson PG, et al.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 2019; (21(S1)):22-30 doi:10.1684/epd.2019.1054.

Encephalopathy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep: evolution and prognosis.

Caraballo R, Pavlidis E, Nikanorova M, Loddenkemper T

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 2019; (21(S1)):15-21 doi:10.1684/epd.2019.1052.

[Epileptiform activity index for the evaluation of treatment efficacy in patients with epileptic encephalopathy].

Kozhokaru AB

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2019; (119(10)):121-126 doi:10.17116/jnevro2019119101121.

Epilepsy syndromes of childhood with sleep activation: Insights from functional imaging.

Van Bogaert P

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2020; (24()):58-60 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.12.006.

Examining the Utility of Resective Epilepsy Surgery in Children With Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep: Long Term Clinical and Electrophysiological Outcomes.

Marashly A, Koop J, Loman M, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2019; (10()):1397 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.01397.

Surgical management of pediatric patients with encephalopathy due to electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES).

Wang S, Weil AG, Ibrahim GM, et al.

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 2020; (22(1)):39-54 doi:10.1684/epd.2020.1129.

Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) - Treatment pattern and EEG outcome in children with very high spike-wave index.

Wiwattanadittakul N, Depositario-Cabacar D, Zelleke TG

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2020; (105()):106965 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.106965.

Perinatal thalamic injury: MRI predictors of electrical status epilepticus in sleep and long-term neurodevelopment.

van den Munckhof B, Zwart AF, Weeke LC, et al.

NeuroImage. Clinical 2020; (26()):102227 doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102227.

Spike-Wave Index Assessment and Electro-Clinical Correlation in Patients with Encephalopathy Associated with Epileptic State During Slow Sleep (ESES / CSWS); Single-Center Experience.

Öztoprak Ü, Yayici Köken Ö, Aksoy E, Yüksel D

Epilepsy research 2021; (170()):106549 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106549.

Effects of sulthiame on seizure frequency and EEG in children with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep.

Topçu Y, Kılıç B, Tekin HG, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2021; (116()):107793 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107793.

Corpus callosotomy in pediatric patients with non-lesional epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus during sleep.

Yokosako S, Muraoka N, Watanabe S, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior reports 2021; (16()):100463 doi:10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100463.

The Spike-Wave Index of the First 100 Seconds of Sleep Can Be a Reliable Scoring Method for Electrographic Status Epilepticus in Sleep.

Kulkarni N, Albert DVF, Klamer B, et al.

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society 2023; (40(6)):547-552 doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000000918.

Neurobehavioral deterioration associated with sleep-augmented epileptiform abnormalities: A steroid responsive state in children.

Jauhari P, Madaan P, Sirolia V, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2022; (129()):108505 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108505.

Epileptic encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep: evaluation of treatment response from a tertiary center.

Kılıç B, Acar M, Topçu Y, Turanlı G

The Turkish journal of pediatrics 2022; (64(2)):302-311.

Surgically Remediable Secondary Network Epileptic Encephalopathies With Continuous Spike Wave in Sleep: Lesions May Not Be Visible on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Alawadhi A, Appendino JP, Hader W, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2022; (37(12-14)):992-1002 doi:10.1177/08830738221129919.

Encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES). Pathophysiological insights and nosological considerations.

Rubboli G, Gardella E, Cantalupo G, Alberto Tassinari C

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2023; (140()):109105 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109105.

Successful Treatment of a Child With Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep and GRIN2A Variant Using Sulthiame.

Pereira-Nunes J, Sousa JM, Fonseca J, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(2)):e34686 doi:10.7759/cureus.34686.

Primidone improves symptoms in TRPM3-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep.

Becker LL, Horn D, Boschann F, et al.

Epilepsia 2023; (64(5)):e61-e68 doi:10.1111/epi.17586.

Evaluation of long-term neurocognitive functions in patients with epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWS)/epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS).

Sager G, Takis G, Vatansever Pinar Z, et al.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology 2023; (53(1)):102861 doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102861.

The genetic landscape of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep.

Freibauer AE, RamachandranNair R, Jain P, et al.

Seizure 2023; (110()):119-125 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2023.06.017.

Epilepsy Surgery for Cognitive Improvement in Epileptic Encephalopathy.

McLaren JR, Kahle KT, Richardson RM, Chu CJ

Neurosurgery clinics of North America 2024; (35(1)):49-59 doi:10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.002.

Corticosteroids versus clobazam for treatment of children with epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (RESCUE ESES): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

van Arnhem MML, van den Munckhof B, Arzimanoglou A, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2024; (23(2)):147-156 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00409-X.

Unmet needs in epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A systematic review.

Chapman KE, Haubenberger D, Jen E, et al.

Epilepsy research 2024; (199()):107278 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107278.

Expanding the clinical and genetic landscape of (developmental) epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: results from studies of a Turkish cohort.

Türkyılmaz A, Sağer SG, Tekin E, et al.

Neurogenetics 2024; (25(2)):119-130 doi:10.1007/s10048-024-00751-1.

Continuous Spike-Waves during Slow Sleep Today: An Update.

Posar A, Visconti P

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (11(2)) doi:10.3390/children11020169.

Thalamic epileptic spikes disrupt sleep spindles in patients with epileptic encephalopathy.

Wodeyar A, Chinappen D, Mylonas D, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2024; (147(8)):2803-2816 doi:10.1093/brain/awae119.

Successful Hemispherotomy in a Patient With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Who Had Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-and-Wave Activation During Sleep.

Yamada N, Kuki I, Uda T, Okazaki S

Cureus 2024; (16(4)):e58424 doi:10.7759/cureus.58424.

Surgical treatment of epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ma Y, Kaminski M, Kim A

Seizure 2024; (119()):78-83 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.008.

The First 100 Seconds of Sleep of rEEGs Can Be a Reliable Scoring Method for D/EE-SWAS.

Kulkarni N, Klamer B, Drees M, Twanow JD

Journal of clinical neurophysiology : official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society 2025; (42(2)):172-175 doi:10.1097/WNP.0000000000001089.

Solving the Etiology of Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy with Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep (D/EE-SWAS).

Viswanathan S, Oliver KL, Regan BM, et al.

Annals of neurology 2024; (96(5)):932-943 doi:10.1002/ana.27041.

'Remote inhibition' of motor cortex in Epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (EE-SWAS): A TMS based cortical excitability study.

Kamila G, Jauhari P, Gulati S, et al.

Seizure 2024; (121()):133-140 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2024.08.002.

Exploratory analysis of high-dose corticosteroid therapy on epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep.

Xiaoyue H, Hongwei T, Jianbiao W, et al.

Frontiers in pediatrics 2024; (12()):1388008 doi:10.3389/fped.2024.1388008.

Transorbital intraoperative electrocorticography-guided surgical resection for medically refractory developmental epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep.

Baumgartner ME, Kessler S, Franco AJ, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior reports 2024; (28()):100712 doi:10.1016/j.ebr.2024.100712.

Effects of immune modulatory treatment on language and psychiatric profile in patients with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES).

Emekli AS, Dörtkol ŞO, Savaş M, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (163()):110225 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110225.

Short-term EEG Outcomes in Children With Developmental and/or Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike and Wave Activation in Sleep (DEE-SWAS) Treated With High-Dose Diazepam.

Singh S, Ochi A, Otsubo H, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2025; (40(6)):448-454 doi:10.1177/08830738251322227.

Thalamic volumetric analysis in Developmental and/or Epileptic Encephalopathy with Spike Wave Activation in Sleep (D/EE-SWAS): A cross-sectional study.

Kamila G, Jauhari P, Kumar A, et al.

Seizure 2025; (127()):94-100 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2025.03.006.

Characterization of a unique patient cohort with spike-wave activation in sleep without cognitive decline or increased seizure burden: Considerations for a more conservative treatment approach.

Machado RA, Meylor J, Narayan SL, Norton NB

Seizure 2025; (127()):115-126 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2025.03.001.

Focal Epileptic Encephalopathy with Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep: A Case Report of Hemispheric Involvement with Change in Handedness.

Faust SL, Mattson KS, Felker M, et al.

The Neurodiagnostic journal 2025; (65(2)):89-100 doi:10.1080/21646821.2025.2484028.

European experience of steroid therapy in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike wave activation in sleep ((D)EE-SWAS).

Canbay D, Jansen FE, Schönberger J, et al.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2025; (20(1)):204 doi:10.1186/s13023-025-03725-0.

High-dose diazepam as a long-term treatment strategy for epileptic encephalopathy and developmental epileptic encephalopathy spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A tertiary center's experience.

Hamed N, Dayan EZ, Heimer G, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (171()):110482 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110482.

EEG response to high dose nocturnal diazepam in children with developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (DEE/EE-SWAS).

Kiani H, Whitney R, Go C, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (171()):110498 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110498.

Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: The Current Landscape and Emerging Opportunities in DEE-SWAS.

Stowe RC, Kelley SA, Bhatia S, et al.

Epilepsy currents 2025; (25(6)):369-377 doi:10.1177/15357597251344191.

Current and Future Treatment Strategies in Developmental and/or Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep (DEE-SWAS): A Time for Precision Medicine?

Perez-Navarro VM, Perry MS, Fernandez-Perrone AL, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2025; (170()):87-97 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2025.06.017.

Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep: A single tertiary center experience.

Öz Yıldız S, Günbey C, Karlı Oğuz K, et al.

Seizure 2025; (131()):203-211 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2025.06.010.

[Landau-Kleffner Syndrome and Continuous Spike-and-Wave During Sleep Syndrome: Comparison of Clinical, Neurophysiological, and Neuropsychological Characteristics].

Benítez-Provedo C, González-Alguacil E, García-Fernández M, et al.

Revista de neurologia 2025; (80(7)):33484 doi:10.31083/RN33484.

Clinical and Molecular Genetic Characterization of Landau Kleffner Syndrome: An Observational Cohort and Experimental Study.

Ngoh A, Clark M, Greenaway R, et al.

Annals of neurology 2025; (98(5)):951-966 doi:10.1002/ana.27306.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (D/EE-SWAS): Clinical and treatment insights from a cohort of 50 children.

Kravljanac R, Striano P, Vucetic Tadic B, et al.

Seizure 2025; (133()):20-28 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2025.09.019.

Paediatric-tailored modified IC-CoDE approach in non-lesional D/EE-SWAS.

Andreoli L, Granocchio E, Caputo D, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (173()):110784 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110784.

Intelligence outcomes in 17 patients with developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep ((D)EE-SWAS) after remission of SWAS.

van Arnhem MML, van Teeseling HC, van den Berg L, et al.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B 2025; (173()):110806 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2025.110806.

Electrophysiological patterns and therapeutic outcomes in DEE-SWAS: A cohort study from a tertiary pediatric neurology center.

Hanci F, Daniş A

Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape 2026; (28(3)):799-808 doi:10.1002/epd2.70199.

Psychological and health-related quality of life outcomes in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (D/EE-SWAS): A single-center prospective study.

Sahu A, Sharma R, Lal G, Saini AG

Epilepsy research 2026; (224()):107794 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2026.107794.

Effect of immunotherapy on seizure severity and spike-wave index in epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep: The value of EEG spikes in monitoring treatment response.

Topaloğlu P, Dörtkol O, Emekli S, et al.

Epilepsy research 2026; (226()):107861 doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2026.107861.

Electroclinical and behavioral outcomes of add-on ethosuximide in children with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep (D/EE-SWAS): A prospective observational study.

Sahu A, Saini AG, Sharma R, et al.

Seizure 2026; (141()):125-132 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2026.07.008.

Neurodevelopmental Risk Factors and Comparative Efficacy of Ketogenic Diet in Children With Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep: A Cohort Study.

Ma J, Wang J, Song X, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2026; (183()):31-35 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2026.07.010.

Pathophysiology of developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation in sleep: A diagnostic framework.

Rasheed A, Sekar S, Naqvi R, et al.

Developmental medicine and child neurology 2026; doi:10.1111/dmcn.70462.

Developmental and/or Epileptic Encephalopathy with Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep: From Thalamocortical Mechanisms to Precision Therapy.

Samanta D

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (13(8)) doi:10.3390/children13080993.