Research & Literature

International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy.

Ohno-Matsui K, Kawasaki R, Jonas JB, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2015; (159(5)):877-83.e7.

Intraocular lens power calculation for eyes with an axial length greater than 26.0 mm: comparison of formulas and methods.

Abulafia A, Barrett GD, Rotenberg M, et al.

Journal of cataract and refractive surgery 2015; (41(3)):548-56.

Updates of pathologic myopia.

Ohno-Matsui K, Lai TY, Lai CC, Cheung CM

Progress in retinal and eye research 2016; (52()):156-87.

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor use and treatment approach for choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia.

Pakzad-Vaezi K, Mehta H, Mammo Z, Tufail A

Expert opinion on biological therapy 2016; (16(7)):873-81 doi:10.1517/14712598.2016.1167868.

Advances of optical coherence tomography in myopia and pathologic myopia.

Ng DS, Cheung CY, Luk FO, et al.

Eye (London, England) 2016; (30(7)):901-16 doi:10.1038/eye.2016.47.

Retinal tears and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after intravitreal injections: its prevalence and case reports.

Karabag RY, Parlak M, Cetin G, et al.

Digital journal of ophthalmology : DJO 2015; (21(1)):8-10 doi:10.5693/djo.01.2014.07.001.

MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Lai TY, Cheung CM

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2016; (36(9)):1614-21 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000001227.

[Secondary diseases in high myopia].

Ziemssen F, Lagrèze W, Voykov B

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft 2017; (114(1)):30-43 doi:10.1007/s00347-016-0390-x.

Epidemiology of Pathologic Myopia in Asia and Worldwide.

Wong YL, Saw SM

Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2016; (5(6)):394-402 doi:10.1097/APO.0000000000000234.

FACTORS INFLUENCING VISUAL ACUITY IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR FOR MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION.

Iacono P, Battaglia Parodi M, Selvi F, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2017; (37(10)):1931-1941 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000001436.

HOW VITREOMACULAR INTERFACE MODIFIES THE EFFICACY OF ANTI-VEGF THERAPY FOR MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION.

Iacono P, Battaglia Parodi M, Iuliano L, Bandello F

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2018; (38(1)):84-90 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000001500.

Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness according to myopia and optic disc area: a quantitative and three-dimensional analysis.

Seo S, Lee CE, Jeong JH, et al.

BMC ophthalmology 2017; (17(1)):22 doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0419-1.

Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization: Review, Guidance, and Consensus Statement on Management.

Cheung CMG, Arnold JJ, Holz FG, et al.

Ophthalmology 2017; (124(11)):1690-1711 doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.04.028.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for the treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Tan CS, Sadda SR

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2017; (11()):1741-1746 doi:10.2147/OPTH.S124518.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopic Degeneration in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Choudhury F, Meuer SM, Klein R, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2018; (187()):34-42 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.12.010.

Progression of Myopic Maculopathy during 18-Year Follow-up.

Fang Y, Yokoi T, Nagaoka N, et al.

Ophthalmology 2018; (125(6)):863-877 doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.005.

Macular assessment of preoperative optical coherence tomography in ageing Chinese undergoing routine cataract surgery.

Huang X, Zhang Z, Wang J, et al.

Scientific reports 2018; (8(1)):5103 doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22807-7.

Early Macular Changes after Phacoemulsification in Eyes with High Myopia.

Ashraf H, Koohestani S, Nowroozzadeh MH

Journal of ophthalmic & vision research 2018; (13(3)):249-252 doi:10.4103/jovr.jovr_69_17.

Fluorescein Leakage within Recent Subretinal Hemorrhage in Pathologic Myopia: Suggestive of CNV?

Mi L, Zuo C, Zhang X, et al.

Journal of ophthalmology 2018; (2018()):4707832 doi:10.1155/2018/4707832.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact of Myopic Macular Degeneration on Visual Impairment and Functioning Among Adults in Singapore.

Wong YL, Sabanayagam C, Ding Y, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2018; (59(11)):4603-4613 doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24032.

Two different initial treatment regimens of ranibizumab in myopic choroidal neovascularization: 12-month results from a randomized controlled study.

Li S, Ding X, Sun L, et al.

Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 2019; (47(2)):250-258 doi:10.1111/ceo.13424.

Myopic maculopathy: Current status and proposal for a new classification and grading system (ATN).

Ruiz-Medrano J, Montero JA, Flores-Moreno I, et al.

Progress in retinal and eye research 2019; (69()):80-115 doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.005.

Posterior staphyloma in pathologic myopia.

Ohno-Matsui K, Jonas JB

Progress in retinal and eye research 2019; (70()):99-109 doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.001.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VISUAL ACUITY OF HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES WITH DIFFERENT SEVERITIES OF MYOPIC MACULOPATHY.

Zhao X, Ding X, Lyu C, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2020; (40(3)):461-467 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002418.

Diagnostic algorithm utilising multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography for the detection of myopic choroidal neovascularisation.

Bagchi A, Schwartz R, Hykin P, Sivaprasad S

Eye (London, England) 2019; (33(7)):1111-1118 doi:10.1038/s41433-019-0378-2.

IMI - Defining and Classifying Myopia: A Proposed Set of Standards for Clinical and Epidemiologic Studies.

Flitcroft DI, He M, Jonas JB, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2019; (60(3)):M20-M30 doi:10.1167/iovs.18-25957.

Epiretinal Membrane Formation after Treatment of Retinal Breaks: Cryoretinopexy versus Laser Retinopexy.

Blackorby BL, Jeroudi AM, Blinder KJ, Shah GK

Ophthalmology. Retina 2019; (3(12)):1087-1090 doi:10.1016/j.oret.2019.06.015.

Comparison of macular buckling and vitrectomy for the treatment of macular schisis and associated macular detachment in high myopia: a randomized clinical trial.

Liu B, Chen S, Li Y, et al.

Acta ophthalmologica 2020; (98(3)):e266-e272 doi:10.1111/aos.14260.

VALIDATION OF THE RECENTLY DEVELOPED ATN CLASSIFICATION AND GRADING SYSTEM FOR MYOPIC MACULOPATHY.

Ruiz-Medrano J, Flores-Moreno I, Ohno-Matsui K, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2020; (40(11)):2113-2118 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000002725.

Posterior Vitreous Detachment in Highly Myopic Patients.

Hayashi K, Manabe SI, Hirata A, Yoshimura K

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2020; (61(4)):33 doi:10.1167/iovs.61.4.33.

Ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Ng DSC, Fung NSK, Yip FLT, Lai TYY

Expert opinion on biological therapy 2020; (20(12)):1385-1393 doi:10.1080/14712598.2021.1830969.

Myopic Traction Maculopathy: Diagnostic and Management Strategies.

Frisina R, Gius I, Palmieri M, et al.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2020; (14()):3699-3708 doi:10.2147/OPTH.S237483.

Ultra-Widefield Imaging for Evaluation of the Myopic Eye.

Ludwig CA, Moon J, Garg I, Miller JB

Seminars in ophthalmology 2021; (36(4)):185-190 doi:10.1080/08820538.2021.1887904.

Decreased choroidal and scleral thicknesses in highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma.

Park UC, Lee EK, Kim BH, Oh BL

Scientific reports 2021; (11(1)):7987 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87065-6.

IMI Pathologic Myopia.

Ohno-Matsui K, Wu PC, Yamashiro K, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2021; (62(5)):5 doi:10.1167/iovs.62.5.5.

Role of Ultra-widefield Imaging in the evaluation of Long-term change of highly myopic fundus.

Oh BL, Park UC, Kim BH, et al.

Acta ophthalmologica 2022; (100(4)):e977-e985 doi:10.1111/aos.15009.

Pathologic myopia and severe pathologic myopia: correlation with axial length.

Flores-Moreno I, Puertas M, Almazán-Alonso E, et al.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 2022; (260(1)):133-140 doi:10.1007/s00417-021-05372-0.

Continued Increase of Axial Length and Its Risk Factors in Adults With High Myopia.

Du R, Xie S, Igarashi-Yokoi T, et al.

JAMA ophthalmology 2021; (139(10)):1096-1103 doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.3303.

Peripheral Retinal Degenerations and Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: Analysis with Ultra-Wide-Field Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy.

Ulfik-Dembska K, Teper S, Dembski M, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(17)) doi:10.3390/jcm10173876.

Bruch Membrane Opening Detection Accuracy in Healthy Eyes and Eyes With Glaucoma With and Without Axial High Myopia in an American and Korean Cohort.

Rezapour J, Proudfoot JA, Bowd C, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2022; (237()):221-234 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.030.

Clinical Characteristics and Early Visual Outcomes of Highly Myopic Cataract Eyes: The Shanghai High Myopia Study.

He W, Yao Y, Zhang K, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2021; (8()):671521 doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.671521.

Choriocapillaris Changes in Myopic Macular Degeneration.

Li J, Zhou H, Feinstein M, et al.

Translational vision science & technology 2022; (11(2)):37 doi:10.1167/tvst.11.2.37.

An evidence-based review of the epidemiology of myopic traction maculopathy.

Cheong KX, Xu L, Ohno-Matsui K, et al.

Survey of ophthalmology 2022; (67(6)):1603-1630 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.03.007.

Algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for active myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Milani P, Mazzola M, Cigada M, et al.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie 2022; (260(9)):2847-2857 doi:10.1007/s00417-022-05599-5.

Incidence, predictors and re-treatment outcomes of recurrent myopic choroidal neo-vascularization.

Jain M, Narayanan R, Jana P, et al.

PloS one 2022; (17(7)):e0271342 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271342.

Quantitative Evaluations of Posterior Staphylomas in Highly Myopic Eyes by Ultra-Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography.

Nakao N, Igarashi-Yokoi T, Takahashi H, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2022; (63(8)):20 doi:10.1167/iovs.63.8.20.

Choroidal Vascular Density Quantification in High Myopia with or without Choroidal Neovascularization Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Lu X, Zhang G, Cen L, et al.

Journal of ophthalmology 2023; (2023()):1504834 doi:10.1155/2023/1504834.

USE OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN DETECTING RETINAL TEARS IN ACUTE, SYMPTOMATIC POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT.

Rao AV, Shah AR, Nguyen VT, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2023; (43(5)):802-807 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003718.

Glaucoma and Myopia: Diagnostic Challenges.

Sun MT, Tran M, Singh K, et al.

Biomolecules 2023; (13(3)) doi:10.3390/biom13030562.

Influence of posterior staphyloma in myopic maculopathy and visual prognosis.

Flores-Moreno I, Puertas M, Ruiz-Medrano J, et al.

Eye (London, England) 2024; (38(1)):145-152 doi:10.1038/s41433-023-02648-z.

The Sensitivity of Ultra-Widefield Fundus Photography Versus Scleral Depressed Examination for Detection of Retinal Horseshoe Tears.

Lin AC, Kalaw FGP, Schönbach EM, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2023; (255()):155-160 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2023.07.010.

EVALUATING ULTRA-WIDEFIELD IMAGING UTILITY IN THE DETECTION OF TREATMENT-REQUIRING PERIPHERAL RETINAL TEARS AND HOLES.

Khan M, Kovacs K, Guan I, et al.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2024; (44(1)):71-77 doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000003918.

Addressing Glaucoma in Myopic Eyes: Diagnostic and Surgical Challenges.

Vinod K, Salim S

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (10(11)) doi:10.3390/bioengineering10111260.

Prevalence of Myopic Maculopathy Among the Very Old: The Ural Very Old Study.

Bikbov MM, Gilmanshin TR, Kazakbaeva GM, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2024; (65(3)):29 doi:10.1167/iovs.65.3.29.

Factors associated with pathologic myopia onset and progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Yii F, Nguyen L, Strang N, et al.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) 2024; (44(5)):963-976 doi:10.1111/opo.13312.

In-vivo characterization of scleral rigidity in myopic eyes using fundus-pulsation optical coherence elastography.

Gong Z, Bojikian KD, Chen A, et al.

Biomedical optics express 2024; (15(5)):3426-3440 doi:10.1364/BOE.523835.

Complications of high myopia: An update from clinical manifestations to underlying mechanisms.

Du Y, Meng J, He W, et al.

Advances in ophthalmology practice and research 2024; (4(3)):156-163 doi:10.1016/j.aopr.2024.06.003.

Lacquer cracks in pathological myopia: a clinical review.

Neelam K, Ng SMS, Ho EL, Au Eong KG

Eye (London, England) 2024; (38(15)):2859-2873 doi:10.1038/s41433-024-03183-1.

Vision degrading myodesopsia from vitreous floaters in the young: An important aspect of myopia.

Albrecht M, Auffarth GU, Friedrich M, et al.

Survey of ophthalmology 2025; (70(2)):265-282 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.10.001.

Predictive Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Formulas Calculated by Biometers with Multiple Refractive Indices According to Axial Length.

Won YK, Yoo YS, Yun HJ, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2024; (13(22)) doi:10.3390/jcm13226815.

Characteristics, Risks, and Prevention of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in the Contralateral Eye.

Al-Dwairi R, Saleh O, Mohidat H, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(1)) doi:10.3390/jcm14010222.

Absolute Risks and Decision Tools for Communicating the Risks of Visual Impairment From Myopia-Related Diseases.

Dow E, Kearney S, Day M

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2025; (66(4)):82 doi:10.1167/iovs.66.4.82.

Classification and management of myopic traction maculopathy: a vitrectomy-based consensus from taiwanese experts.

Lee CY, Ho TC, Chen SN, et al.

International ophthalmology 2025; (45(1)):174 doi:10.1007/s10792-025-03526-1.

Prevention of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Chronopoulos A, Schutz JS, Finger RP

Survey of ophthalmology 2025; (70(6)):1061-1066 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.04.006.

Resolution of Myopic Macular Retinoschisis and Macular Hole With Topical Medical Therapy.

Kokame GT, Nakahira S, Yamane K, et al.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases 2025; (9(4)):507-510 doi:10.1177/24741264251340107.

Pathologic Myopia.

Gu SZ, Chang S

Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2025; (1467()):281-283 doi:10.1007/978-3-031-72230-1_54.

Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of bilateral myopic macular neovascularization in high myopic patients.

Lim SH, Bae K, Yoon CK, et al.

Acta ophthalmologica 2025; (103(8)):1049-1057 doi:10.1111/aos.17568.

Epidemiology of pathologic myopia in UK adults with high myopia.

Yii F, Strang N, Bernabeu MO, et al.

The British journal of ophthalmology 2026; (110(2)):204-211 doi:10.1136/bjo-2024-326889.

Can Laser Retinopexy Prevent Retinal Detachment in Asymptomatic, High-Risk Eyes?

Morris RE, Sapp MR, Conn DR, et al.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2025; (19()):4011-4015 doi:10.2147/OPTH.S537281.

Clinical Utility of Ultra-Widefield Fundus Photography with SS-OCT Images in Justifying Prophylactic Laser Photocoagulation of Peripheral Retinal Lesions.

Żuk J, Safranow K, Machalińska A

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (12(12)) doi:10.3390/bioengineering12121367.

Differentiation Between Moderate Versus High Myopia: The 2-Continent Eye Study.

Jonas JB, Jonas RA, Bikbov MM, et al.

Ophthalmology science 2026; (6(2)):100999 doi:10.1016/j.xops.2025.100999.

Preoperative Parameters Associated with Vitrectomy Outcomes in Myopic Traction Maculopathy Without a Full-Thickness Macular Hole.

Lee SK, Yeo S, Chung YR, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (16(2)) doi:10.3390/life16020356.

Do Vitreous Floaters Predict Retinal Detachment? Retrospective Cohort Study in Primary Care.

van Zon B, Spoelder M, Peters HJ, et al.

Annals of family medicine 2026; (24(2)):111-116 doi:10.1370/afm.240149.

Prevalence of Refractive Errors, Myopic Macular Degeneration, and Associated Risk Factors in a Maltese Population-Based Study.

Agius D, Mamo J, Calleja N, et al.

Clinical optometry 2026; (18()):561426 doi:10.2147/OPTO.S561426.

Pathologic myopia as a concurrent condition in Pierre Robin sequence: a case report and literature review.

Liu Y, Zhang XY, Hu YY, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2026; (13()):1762569 doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1762569.

Myopic and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy in Highly Myopic Eyes: A Practical Framework for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Management.

Akada M, Numa S, Tsujikawa A

Journal of clinical medicine 2026; (15(7)) doi:10.3390/jcm15072491.

A common surgery for an uncommon problem: vitrectomy with membrane peeling in myopic traction maculopathy.

Lam WY, Ambikkumar A, Li Q, et al.

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2026; (61(5)):1226-1232 doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2026.04.002.

Managing Myopic Glaucoma-Beyond Structural Fragility and Diagnostic Challenges: Review Article.

Diniz CK, Meira MA, Gondim LA, et al.

Journal of current glaucoma practice 2026; (20(1)):20-25 doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1504.

Efficacy of Prophylactic Laser Treatment of Lattice Degeneration in the Fellow Eyes of Patients with Retinal Breaks in the First Eye.

Ni RL, Adams OE, Momenaei B, et al.

Ophthalmology. Retina 2026; doi:10.1016/j.oret.2026.06.016.

Two-Year Fundus Progression in Highly Myopic Eyes in the Aier-SERI High Myopia Adult Cohort Study.

Cheong KX, Jiang Y, Xu X, et al.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) 2026; doi:10.1007/s44402-026-00176-3.

Longitudinal Progression of Horseshoe Retinal Tear-Associated Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Without Clinically Evident Complete Posterior Vitreous Detachment: A Case Report.

Lee D

Case reports in ophthalmological medicine 2026; (2026()):4671416 doi:10.1155/crop/4671416.