Research & Literature

Pharmacological treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Cohen K, Shinkazh N, Frank J, et al.

P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management 2015; (40(6)):372-88.

Nerve conduction studies in diabetics presymptomatic and symptomatic for diabetic polyneuropathy.

de Souza RJ, de Souza A, Nagvekar MD

Journal of diabetes and its complications 2015; (29(6)):811-7.

Peripheral Neuropathy: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Symptom Management.

Watson JC, Dyck PJ

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2015; (90(7)):940-51.

Clinical profile and surgical management of diabetic foot in Benghazi, Libya.

Benkhadoura M, Alswehly M, Elbarsha A

Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons 2016; (22(1)):55-8.

Wherefore Art Thou, O Treatment for Diabetic Neuropathy?

Malik RA

International review of neurobiology 2016; (127()):287-317.

The impact of gastroparesis on diabetes control: Patient perceptions.

Homko C, Siraj ES, Parkman HP

Journal of diabetes and its complications 2016; (30(5)):826-9.

Microglia and monocytes synergistically promote the transition from acute to chronic pain after nerve injury.

Peng J, Gu N, Zhou L, et al.

Nature communications 2016; (7()):12029 doi:10.1038/ncomms12029.

Risk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus.

Hébert HL, Veluchamy A, Torrance N, Smith BH

Pain 2017; (158(4)):560-568 doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000785.

Comparison of electrochemical skin conductance and vibration perception threshold measurement in the detection of early diabetic neuropathy.

Goel A, Shivaprasad C, Kolly A, et al.

PloS one 2017; (12(9)):e0183973 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183973.

An observational study of vitamin b12 levels and peripheral neuropathy profile in patients of diabetes mellitus on metformin therapy.

Gupta K, Jain A, Rohatgi A

Diabetes & metabolic syndrome 2018; (12(1)):51-58 doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2017.08.014.

Rapid, Objective and Non-invasive Diagnosis of Sudomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Lower Extremity Dysesthesia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Chae CS, Park GY, Choi YM, et al.

Annals of rehabilitation medicine 2017; (41(6)):1028-1038 doi:10.5535/arm.2017.41.6.1028.

The Diabetic Foot Assessment.

Johnson R, Osbourne A, Rispoli J, Verdin C

Orthopedic nursing 2018; (37(1)):13-21 doi:10.1097/NOR.0000000000000414.

High Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Results From a Five-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Walter-Höliner I, Barbarini DS, Lütschg J, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2018; (80()):51-60 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.11.017.

Heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Benichou T, Pereira B, Mermillod M, et al.

PloS one 2018; (13(4)):e0195166 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195166.

Easier operation and similar power of 10 g monofilament test for screening diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Zhang Q, Yi N, Liu S, et al.

The Journal of international medical research 2018; (46(8)):3278-3284 doi:10.1177/0300060518775244.

Time- and frequency-domain measures of heart rate variability predict cardiovascular outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cha SA, Park YM, Yun JS, et al.

Diabetes research and clinical practice 2018; (143()):159-169 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.001.

A cardiac risk score based on sudomotor function to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in asymptomatic Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus.

Yuan T, Li J, Fu Y, et al.

PloS one 2018; (13(10)):e0204804 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204804.

A Tale of Two Eras: Mining Big Data from Electronic Health Records to Determine Limb Salvage Rates with Podiatry.

Schmidt BM, Holmes CM, Ye W, Pop-Busui R

Current diabetes reviews 2019; (15(6)):497-502 doi:10.2174/1573399814666181017104818.

Gastroparesis.

Camilleri M, Chedid V, Ford AC, et al.

Nature reviews. Disease primers 2018; (4(1)):41 doi:10.1038/s41572-018-0038-z.

Knowledge of the Warning Signs of Foot Ulcer Deterioration Among Patients With Diabetes.

Chin YF, Yeh JT, Yu HY, Weng LC

The journal of nursing research : JNR 2018; (26(6)):420-426 doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000258.

Quantitative analysis of corneal nerve fibers in type 2 diabetics with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Comparison of manual and automated assessments.

Li Q, Zhong Y, Zhang T, et al.

Diabetes research and clinical practice 2019; (151()):33-38 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.039.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Duloxetine and Pregabalin in Pain Relief Associated with Diabetic Neuropathy.

Shahid W, Kumar R, Shaikh A, et al.

Cureus 2019; (11(7)):e5293 doi:10.7759/cureus.5293.

Diabetic Neuropathy.

Zakin E, Abrams R, Simpson DM

Seminars in neurology 2019; (39(5)):560-569 doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688978.

Corneal confocal microscopy detects small nerve fibre damage in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy.

Kalteniece A, Ferdousi M, Azmi S, et al.

Scientific reports 2020; (10(1)):3371 doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60422-7.

PKCγ interneurons, a gateway to pathological pain in the dorsal horn.

Artola A, Voisin D, Dallel R

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 2020; (127(4)):527-540 doi:10.1007/s00702-020-02162-6.

Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cutaneous mechanical allodynia.

Peirs C, Dallel R, Todd AJ

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 2020; (127(4)):505-525 doi:10.1007/s00702-020-02159-1.

Prevalence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Associated Factors among Adult Diabetic Patients on Follow-Up Clinic at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019: An Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Abdissa D, Adugna T, Gerema U, Dereje D

Journal of diabetes research 2020; (2020()):4106383 doi:10.1155/2020/4106383.

Optimizing footwear for the diabetic foot: Data-driven custom-made footwear concepts and their effect on pressure relief to prevent diabetic foot ulceration.

Zwaferink JBJ, Custers W, Paardekooper I, et al.

PloS one 2020; (15(4)):e0224010 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224010.

[Sudomotor dysfunction diagnostic test for early detection of diabetic neuropathy].

Lorenzini N, Díaz C, Quintana T

Revista medica de Chile 2020; (148(1)):54-59 doi:10.4067/S0034-98872020000100054.

Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy on Gait Function in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Melese H, Alamer A, Hailu Temesgen M, Kahsay G

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 2020; (13()):2753-2764 doi:10.2147/DMSO.S261175.

Gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.

Marathe CS, Jones KL, Wu T, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2020; (229()):102718 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102718.

Spinal cord stimulation in chronic neuropathic pain: mechanisms of action, new locations, new paradigms.

Joosten EA, Franken G

Pain 2020; (161 Suppl 1()):S104-S113 doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001854.

Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.

Woldemariam GT, Atnafu NT, Radie YT, et al.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 2020; (13()):3739-3747 doi:10.2147/DMSO.S265988.

Innovative intelligent insole system reduces diabetic foot ulcer recurrence at plantar sites: a prospective, randomised, proof-of-concept study.

Abbott CA, Chatwin KE, Foden P, et al.

The Lancet. Digital health 2019; (1(6)):e308-e318 doi:10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30128-1.

Corneal confocal microscopy compared with quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction for diagnosing and stratifying the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Ferdousi M, Kalteniece A, Azmi S, et al.

BMJ open diabetes research & care 2020; (8(2)) doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001801.

Impaired hypoxic ventilatory drive induced by diabetic autonomic neuropathy, a cause of misdiagnosed severe cardiac events: brief report of two cases.

Schubert L, Laroche S, Hartemann A, et al.

BMC cardiovascular disorders 2021; (21(1)):140 doi:10.1186/s12872-021-01944-4.

Intensive risk factor management and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial: A post-hoc analysis.

Aso Y

Journal of diabetes investigation 2021; (12(8)):1316-1318 doi:10.1111/jdi.13565.

Classification of Gastroparesis from Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Cichosz SL, Hejlesen O

Journal of diabetes science and technology 2022; (16(5)):1190-1195 doi:10.1177/19322968211015206.

Evaluation of the Degree of Agreement of Four Methods for Diagnosing Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy.

Peng Y, Liu YS, Wu MY, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2021; (12()):637099 doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.637099.

United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on gastroparesis.

Schol J, Wauters L, Dickman R, et al.

Neurogastroenterology and motility 2021; (33(8)):e14237 doi:10.1111/nmo.14237.

Effectiveness of at-home skin temperature monitoring in reducing the incidence of foot ulcer recurrence in people with diabetes: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (DIATEMP).

Bus SA, Aan de Stegge WB, van Baal JG, et al.

BMJ open diabetes research & care 2021; (9(1)) doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002392.

Knee-High Devices Are Gold in Closing the Foot Ulcer Gap: A Review of Offloading Treatments to Heal Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

Lazzarini PA, Jarl G

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2021; (57(9)) doi:10.3390/medicina57090941.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 depletion mediates mechanical allodynia through cellular signal alterations in small-fiber neuropathy.

Chang CH, Chang YS, Hsieh YL

Pain reports 2021; (6(1)):e922 doi:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000922.

Gold Standard for Diagnosis of DPN.

Yu Y

Frontiers in endocrinology 2021; (12()):719356 doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.719356.

Practices followed by type-II diabetes mellitus patients for prevention of foot ulcers.

Kaur V, Kalyani CV, Rohilla KK

Journal of family medicine and primary care 2021; (10(10)):3732-3737 doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_486_21.

Oral and Topical Treatment of Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy: Practice Guideline Update Summary: Report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee.

Price R, Smith D, Franklin G, et al.

Neurology 2022; (98(1)):31-43 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013038.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy and risk of incident heart failure among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Kaze AD, Yuyun MF, Erqou S, et al.

European journal of heart failure 2022; (24(4)):634-641 doi:10.1002/ejhf.2432.

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine and Gabapentin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis.

Jiang L, Xiong Y, Cui J

Contrast media & molecular imaging 2022; (2022()):4084420 doi:10.1155/2022/4084420.

Prevention of Peripheral Distal Polyneuropathy in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Carvajal-Moreno L, Coheña-Jiménez M, García-Ventura I, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(6)) doi:10.3390/jcm11061723.

Correlation between the accumulation of skin glycosylation end products and the development of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Zhao XW, Yue WX, Zhang SW, Chen Q

BMC endocrine disorders 2022; (22(1)):106 doi:10.1186/s12902-022-00997-6.

Effects of Special Therapeutic Footwear on the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Luo B, Cai Y, Chen D, et al.

Journal of diabetes research 2022; (2022()):9742665 doi:10.1155/2022/9742665.

Autophagy Dysfunction in a Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Model.

Choi SJ, Kim S, Lee WS, et al.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2023; (151(2)):355-364 doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000009844.

Hypertension the 'Missed Modifiable Risk Factor' for Diabetic Neuropathy: a Systematic Review.

Sethi Y, Uniyal N, Vora V, et al.

Current problems in cardiology 2023; (48(4)):101581 doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101581.

Diabetic neuropathy: Pathogenesis and evolving principles of management.

Zaino B, Goel R, Devaragudi S, et al.

Disease-a-month : DM 2023; (69(9)):101582 doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101582.

New perspectives in diabetic neuropathy.

Eid SA, Rumora AE, Beirowski B, et al.

Neuron 2023; (111(17)):2623-2641 doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.003.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Risk of Kidney Function Decline in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the PERL and ACCORD Cohorts.

Tang Y, Ang L, Jaiswal M, et al.

Diabetes 2024; (73(5)):751-762 doi:10.2337/db23-0247.

Declining Incidence Rates of Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Denmark, With Indications of Distinct Patterns in Type 1 Diabetes.

Mizrak HI, Hansen TW, Rossing P, et al.

Diabetes care 2023; (46(11)):1997-2003 doi:10.2337/dc23-0312.

Diabetic Neuropathies.

Elafros MA, Callaghan BC

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2023; (29(5)):1401-1417 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000001291.

Sudoscan as substitute for quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test in composite autonomic scoring scale and its correlation with composite autonomic symptom scale 31 in type 2 diabetes.

Huang CC, Lai YR, Cheng BC, et al.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology 2023; (53(6)):102915 doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2023.102915.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment.

Zhu J, Hu Z, Luo Y, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2023; (14()):1265372 doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1265372.

The Importance of Evaluating Sudomotor Function in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy.

Nica AE, Rusu E, Dobjanschi CG, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(3)):e57226 doi:10.7759/cureus.57226.

Association of Preulcerative Foot Care and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulceration.

Tan TW, Tolson JP, Aristizabal JCA, et al.

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 2024; (114(2)).

Navigating Cardiovascular Risk in Type 1 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of Strategies for Prevention and Management.

Maqusood S, Chakole V, Dash S

Cureus 2024; (16(5)):e60426 doi:10.7759/cureus.60426.

Diabetic Foot Care: Assessing the Knowledge and Practices of Diabetic Patients at Aldaraga Centre, Gezira State, Sudan, 2021.

Yasin FA, Eldooma I

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 2024; (17()):2495-2504 doi:10.2147/DMSO.S453666.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jia Y, Long D, Yang Y, et al.

Diabetes research and clinical practice 2024; (213()):111757 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111757.

The efficacy of custom-made offloading devices for diabetic foot ulcer prevention: a systematic review.

Jones AW, Makanjuola A, Bray N, et al.

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome 2024; (16(1)):172 doi:10.1186/s13098-024-01392-y.

Impact of multidisciplinary management via special clinic for the outcome of diabetic foot disease: A prospective observational study.

Meena SP, Badkur M, Lodha M, et al.

Journal of family medicine and primary care 2024; (13(8)):3287-3291 doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_292_24.

Establishment and external validation of an early warning model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on random forest and logistic regression.

Wang L, Li J, Lin Y, et al.

BMC endocrine disorders 2024; (24(1)):196 doi:10.1186/s12902-024-01728-9.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and the risk of diabetic kidney disease.

Cho I, Lim S, Kwon M, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2024; (15()):1462610 doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1462610.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and neuromodulation techniques: a systematic review of progress and prospects.

Mittal R, McKenna K, Keith G, et al.

Neural regeneration research 2025; (20(8)):2218-2230 doi:10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00270.

A Practical Approach to Diagnosing Peripheral Neuropathies.

Jacoby N, Anziska Y

Seminars in neurology 2025; (45(1)):4-12 doi:10.1055/s-0044-1791721.

Physical Activity to Reduce Pain Scale in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients: A Scoping Review.

Pebrianti S, Maulana I, Shalahuddin I, et al.

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy 2024; (17()):4079-4089 doi:10.2147/DMSO.S483941.

Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: impact on severe hypoglycemic unawareness and orthostatic hypotension in diabetic dysautonomia, a case series and review.

Wu C, Devireddy R, Zazaian A, et al.

Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism 2024; (13(4)):e00319 doi:10.1097/XCE.0000000000000319.

Studying the Diabetic Foot at Risk Using a 60-Second Foot Screening Tool and the Importance of the Categories of the Foot at Risk in Diabetes Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in East India.

Behera KK, Soren UK, Behera BK, Devi S

Cureus 2024; (16(10)):e72615 doi:10.7759/cureus.72615.

Electrodiagnostic assessment of autonomic nervous system in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: Case series in 72 diabetes patients.

Dube S, Hulke SM, Wakode SL, Khadanga S

Journal of family medicine and primary care 2025; (14(1)):452-457 doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1128_24.

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Different Non-surgical Offloading Interventions for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Wu Y, Chen Y, Wang H, et al.

The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2025; 15347346251329609 doi:10.1177/15347346251329609.

Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuropathy.

Espinoza N, Papadopoulos V

International journal of molecular sciences 2025; (26(7)) doi:10.3390/ijms26073195.

Postural sway serves as a predictive biomarker in balance and gait assessments for diabetic peripheral neuropathy screening: a community-based study.

Lai YR, Chiu WC, Ting CP, et al.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation 2025; (22(1)):123 doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01644-6.

Associations between long-term metformin use, the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, and neuropathy: An All of Us research Program study.

Sepassi A, Wang J, Yankowski S, et al.

Diabetes research and clinical practice 2025; (228()):112424 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112424.

Neurological Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Duration-Based Comparative Study at a Secondary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Ramzan MA, Rehman H, Kumar B, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(7)):e88562 doi:10.7759/cureus.88562.

Treatable Neuropathies.

Khadilkar S, Mahajan J, Halani H, Rosales R

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2025; (73(9)):73-84 doi:10.59556/japi.73.1118.

AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Gastroparesis.

Staller K, Parkman HP, Greer KB, et al.

Gastroenterology 2025; (169(5)):828-861 doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2025.08.004.

Painful diabetic neuropathy complicated with secondary erythromelalgia in polycythemia vera: A case report.

Zhang H, Qin Z, Feng X

The Journal of international medical research 2025; (53(10)):3000605251382382 doi:10.1177/03000605251382382.

Comprehensive insights into diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.

Kumar S, Sethi VA, Gupta C

Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders 2025; (24(2)):251 doi:10.1007/s40200-025-01750-1.

Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.

Tannus LRM, Cobas RA

Archives of endocrinology and metabolism 2025; (70(special 1)):e250406 doi:10.20945/2359-4292-2025-0406.

Prevalence of symptomatic polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes clinic at Helen Joseph Tertiary Hospital, South Africa.

Thejpal K, Daya R, Bayat Z

South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care 2025; (67(1)):e1-e9 doi:10.4102/safp.v67i1.6233.

Sleep quality and diabetic neuropathy: A review and exploratory meta-analysis.

Alsatam Alraoui O, Borbjerg MK, Klonoff DC, et al.

Journal of diabetes and its complications 2026; (40(5)):109311 doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2026.109311.

Exploring the differential diagnosis of generalized diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Mendoza JF, Concepción Zavaleta MJ, Lopez Ramos A, et al.

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2026; (26(6)):569-583 doi:10.1080/14737175.2026.2665649.

Efficacy of Exercise for Pain Management in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Network Meta-analysis.

Shen MD, Gao RT, Chen SB, et al.

Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses 2026; doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2026.04.012.

Thyroid diseases and risk of peripheral neuropathy in a large population-based cohort: evidence from the UK Biobank.

Luo Y, Yao G, Song C, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2026; (17()):1828737 doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1828737.

Bioenergetic failure in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: from glucotoxicity to multidimensional metabolic imbalance.

Tao W, Yu Y, Wu X, et al.

Journal of neurology 2026; (273(7)).