Research & Literature

Rosuvastatin Enhances the Catabolism of LDL apoB-100 in Subjects with Combined Hyperlipidemia in a Dose Dependent Manner.

Le NA, Diffenderfer MR, Thongtang N, et al.

Lipids 2015; (50(5)):447-58 doi:10.1007/s11745-015-4005-0.

Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, fibrates and niacin as therapeutic options in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: a review of the literature.

Ito MK

Atherosclerosis 2015; (242(2)):647-56.

Contribution of mutations in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL): a reappraisal by using a resequencing approach.

Minicocci I, Prisco C, Montali A, et al.

Atherosclerosis 2015; (242(2)):618-24.

Progress in the care of common inherited atherogenic disorders of apolipoprotein B metabolism.

Ellis KL, Hooper AJ, Burnett JR, Watts GF

Nature reviews. Endocrinology 2016; (12(8)):467-84 doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.69.

Efficacy and Safety of the PCSK9 Inhibitor Evolocumab in Patients with Mixed Hyperlipidemia.

Rosenson RS, Jacobson TA, Preiss D, et al.

Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 2016; (30(3)):305-13 doi:10.1007/s10557-016-6666-1.

Nonfasting Mild-to-Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis.

Pedersen SB, Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG

JAMA internal medicine 2016; (176(12)):1834-1842 doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6875.

Does lifestyle contribute to disease severity in patients with inherited lipid disorders?

Arsenault BJ, Perrot N, Couture P

Current opinion in lipidology 2017; (28(2)):177-185 doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000387.

How to assess and manage cardiovascular risk associated with lipid alterations beyond LDL.

Averna M, Stroes E,

Atherosclerosis. Supplements 2017; (26()):16-24 doi:10.1016/S1567-5688(17)30021-1.

[Congenital disorders of lipoprotein metabolism].

März W, Grammer TB, Delgado G, Kleber ME

Herz 2017; (42(5)):449-458 doi:10.1007/s00059-017-4578-x.

Statin Therapy and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Aging Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia: A 10-Year Follow-Up.

Skoumas I, Ioakeimidis N, Vlachopoulos C, et al.

Angiology 2018; (69(3)):242-248 doi:10.1177/0003319717718331.

PAI-1 levels are related to insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Carratala A, Martinez-Hervas S, Rodriguez-Borja E, et al.

Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research 2018; (66(1)):17-21 doi:10.1136/jim-2017-000468.

Incidental finding of severe hypertriglyceridemia in children. Role of multiple rare variants in genes affecting plasma triglyceride.

Buonuomo PS, Rabacchi C, Macchiaiolo M, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2017; (11(6)):1329-1337.e3 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.017.

Cholesterol oversynthesis markers define familial combined hyperlipidemia versus other genetic hypercholesterolemias independently of body weight.

Baila-Rueda L, Cenarro A, Lamiquiz-Moneo I, et al.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 2018; (53()):48-57 doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.005.

Hypertriglyceridemia and omega-3 fatty acids: Their often overlooked role in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Arca M, Borghi C, Pontremoli R, et al.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2018; (28(3)):197-205 doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2017.11.001.

[Familial combined hyperlipidemia - the most common genetic dyslipidemia in population and in patients with premature atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease].

Vaverková H, Karásek D

Vnitrni lekarstvi 2018; (64(1)):25-29.

Quantifying Atherogenic Lipoproteins: Current and Future Challenges in the Era of Personalized Medicine and Very Low Concentrations of LDL Cholesterol. A Consensus Statement from EAS and EFLM.

Langlois MR, Chapman MJ, Cobbaert C, et al.

Clinical chemistry 2018; (64(7)):1006-1033 doi:10.1373/clinchem.2018.287037.

FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE, PERSPECTIVES, AND CONTROVERSIES.

Bello-Chavolla OY, Kuri-García A, Ríos-Ríos M, et al.

Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion 2018; (70(5)):224-236 doi:10.24875/RIC.18002575.

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Diagnosis and Management.

Alonso R, Perez de Isla L, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, et al.

European cardiology 2018; (13(1)):14-20 doi:10.15420/ecr.2018:10:2.

PCSK9 inhibitors: clinical evidence and implementation.

Sabatine MS

Nature reviews. Cardiology 2019; (16(3)):155-165 doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0107-8.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease in familial combined hyperlipidemia: A 15-year follow-up study.

Luijten J, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Schaper NC, et al.

Atherosclerosis 2019; (280()):1-6 doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.013.

Molecular mechanisms, prevalence, and molecular methods for familial combined hyperlipidemia disease: A review.

Taghizadeh E, Mardani R, Rostami D, et al.

Journal of cellular biochemistry 2019; (120(6)):8891-8898 doi:10.1002/jcb.28311.

Non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B compared with LDL-cholesterol in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk assessment.

Carr SS, Hooper AJ, Sullivan DR, Burnett JR

Pathology 2019; (51(2)):148-154 doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.006.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: A rare but devastating autosomal recessive disorder characterized by refractory hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis.

Chyzhyk V, Brown AS

Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2020; (30(2)):80-85 doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2019.03.001.

An updated review of lipid-modifying therapy.

Simons LA

The Medical journal of Australia 2019; (211(2)):87-92 doi:10.5694/mja2.50142.

Familial combined hyperlipidemia: An overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Taghizadeh E, Esfehani RJ, Sahebkar A, et al.

IUBMB life 2019; (71(9)):1221-1229 doi:10.1002/iub.2073.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.

Skulas-Ray AC, Wilson PWF, Harris WS, et al.

Circulation 2019; (140(12)):e673-e691 doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000709.

Spectrum of Mutations and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Genetic Chylomicronemia Syndromes.

D'Erasmo L, Di Costanzo A, Cassandra F, et al.

Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology 2019; (39(12)):2531-2541 doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.313401.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia.

Parhofer KG, Laufs U

Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2019; (116(49)):825-832.

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCH) Patients with High Triglyceride Levels Present with Worse Lipoprotein Function Than FCH Patients with Isolated Hypercholesterolemia.

Puig N, Miñambres I, Benítez S, et al.

Biomedicines 2020; (8(1)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines8010006.

The brave new world of genetic testing in the management of the dyslipidaemias.

Nawawi HM, Chua YA, Watts GF

Current opinion in cardiology 2020; (35(3)):226-233 doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000721.

Incidence of type 2 diabetes in familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Brouwers MCGJ, de Graaf J, Simons N, et al.

BMJ open diabetes research & care 2020; (8(1)) doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001107.

Inclisiran for the Treatment of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

Raal FJ, Kallend D, Ray KK, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2020; (382(16)):1520-1530 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1913805.

Genetics of Hypertriglyceridemia.

Dron JS, Hegele RA

Frontiers in endocrinology 2020; (11()):455 doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00455.

Efficacy and safety of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies: an evidence-based review and update.

Kaddoura R, Orabi B, Salam AM

Journal of drug assessment 2020; (9(1)):129-144 doi:10.1080/21556660.2020.1801452.

Familial combined hyperlipidaemia/polygenic mixed hyperlipidaemia.

Pedro-Botet J, Climent E, Gabarró N, Millán J

Clinica e investigacion en arteriosclerosis : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Arteriosclerosis 2021; (33 Suppl 2()):43-49 doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2020.12.013.

Efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: A clinical practice experience.

Alonso R, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Díaz-Díaz JL, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2021; (15(4)):584-592 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2021.04.011.

Icosapent ethyl: safely reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with elevated triglycerides.

Pareek M, Mason RP, Bhatt DL

Expert opinion on drug safety 2022; (21(1)):31-42 doi:10.1080/14740338.2021.1954158.

Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia, and Elevated Lipoprotein(a) in Patients With Premature Coronary Artery Disease.

Vikulova DN, Trinder M, Mancini GBJ, et al.

The Canadian journal of cardiology 2021; (37(11)):1733-1742 doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2021.08.012.

Genetics of Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) Disorder: An Update.

Taghizadeh E, Farahani N, Mardani R, et al.

Biochemical genetics 2022; (60(2)):453-481 doi:10.1007/s10528-021-10130-2.

Familial combined hyperlipidemia is a polygenic trait.

Gill PK, Hegele RA

Current opinion in lipidology 2022; (33(2)):126-132 doi:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000796.

Lipid measurements in the management of cardiovascular diseases: Practical recommendations a scientific statement from the national lipid association writing group.

Wilson PWF, Jacobson TA, Martin SS, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2021; (15(5)):629-648 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2021.09.046.

Polygenic architecture and cardiovascular risk of familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Trinder M, Vikulova D, Pimstone S, et al.

Atherosclerosis 2022; (340()):35-43 doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.032.

Genetic Lipid Disorders Associated with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis to Clinical Diagnosis and Epidemiologic Burden.

Mszar R, Webb GB, Kulkarni VT, et al.

The Medical clinics of North America 2022; (106(2)):325-348 doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2021.11.009.

Hypertriglyceridaemia: an update.

Wierzbicki AS, Kim EJ, Esan O, Ramachandran R

Journal of clinical pathology 2022; (75(12)):798-806 doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207719.

Fatty Liver as Potential Biomarker of Atherosclerotic Damage in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia.

Mandraffino G, Morace C, Franzè MS, et al.

Biomedicines 2022; (10(8)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines10081770.

Recent Updates in Hypertriglyceridemia Management for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.

Quispe R, Sweeney T, Varma B, et al.

Current atherosclerosis reports 2022; (24(10)):767-778 doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01052-4.

The longitudinal triglyceride phenotype in heterozygotes with LPL pathogenic variants.

Perera SD, Wang J, McIntyre AD, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2023; (17(1)):87-93 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2022.11.007.

Comparison of the accuracy of the Friedewald, Martin, and Sampson formulas to estimate very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Benido Silva V, Chaves C, Oliveira JC, Palma I

Endokrynologia Polska 2023; (74(2)):203-210 doi:10.5603/EP.a2023.0025.

Nutrition interventions for adults with dyslipidemia: A Clinical Perspective from the National Lipid Association.

Kirkpatrick CF, Sikand G, Petersen KS, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2023; (17(4)):428-451 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2023.05.099.

Role of apolipoprotein B in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk in adults: An Expert Clinical Consensus from the National Lipid Association.

Soffer DE, Marston NA, Maki KC, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2024; (18(5)):e647-e663 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.08.013.

Lipoprotein(a) in familial dyslipidemias: The effect on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia or familial combined hyperlipidemia.

Skoumas I, Andrikou I, Simantiris S, et al.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD 2025; (35(7)):103867 doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.103867.

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia: Myth or Reality?

Brouwers MCGJ, Klop B, Ribalta J, Castro Cabezas M

Current atherosclerosis reports 2025; (27(1)):45 doi:10.1007/s11883-025-01289-9.

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: An expert clinical review from the National Lipid Association.

Javed F, Hegele RA, Garg A, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2025; (19(3)):382-403 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2025.03.013.

Recognition and management of persistent chylomicronemia: A Joint Expert Clinical Consensus by the National Lipid Association and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology.

Saadatagah S, Larouche M, Naderian M, et al.

Journal of clinical lipidology 2025; (19(4)):723-736 doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2025.03.012.

Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis with Lipemic Samples in a Type 2 Diabetic Patient: A Case Report in a Resource-Limited Setting.

Ahmed HM, Osman MH, Hassan SA, et al.

International medical case reports journal 2025; (18()):645-649 doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S516349.

Prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-mediated acute pancreatitis: A narrative review.

Subramanian S, Soran H, Sikora Kessler A, et al.

European journal of internal medicine 2025; 106648 doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106648.

Management of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis in the intensive care unit: A narrative review.

Thacker E, Wageh J, Smith SE

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 2026; (83(12)):606-615 doi:10.1093/ajhp/zxaf347.

Current and Future Perspectives of LDL-C Lowering Therapies 2026.

Tada H, Sakata K, Usui S, Takamura M

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis 2026; (33(9)):1111-1123 doi:10.5551/jat.RV22052.

Top 10 Concepts in Secondary ASCVD Prevention From the 2026 ACC/AHA Dyslipidemia Guideline: What Is New and Why It Matters.

Siddiqi AK, Jacob J, Khan MS, Kulkarni A

Current atherosclerosis reports 2026; (28(1)).

Is the Commitment to LDL-C Eternal?

Sniderman AD

Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal 2026; (22(4)):15-21 doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1845.