Research & Literature

Hypergastrinemia.

Dacha S, Razvi M, Massaad J, et al.

Gastroenterology report 2015; (3(3)):201-8 doi:10.1093/gastro/gov004.

TNM staging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: an observational analysis and comparison by both AJCC and ENETS systems from 1 single institution.

Yang M, Zeng L, Zhang Y, et al.

Medicine 2015; (94(12)):e660 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000660.

Weight Gain in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome After Acid Suppression.

Riff BP, Leiman DA, Bennett B, et al.

Pancreas 2016; (45(2)):193-7 doi:10.1097/MPA.0000000000000376.

Gastric Hypersecretory States: Investigation and Management.

Phan J, Benhammou JN, Pisegna JR

Current treatment options in gastroenterology 2015; (13(4)):386-97 doi:10.1007/s11938-015-0065-8.

A Practical Approach to the Classification of WHO Grade 3 (G3) Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (WD-NET) and Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PD-NEC) of the Pancreas.

Tang LH, Basturk O, Sue JJ, Klimstra DS

The American journal of surgical pathology 2016; (40(9)):1192-202 doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000662.

[Management of gastrinoma].

Hain E, Coriat R, Dousset B, Gaujoux S

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2016; (45(11)):986-991 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2016.04.012.

Gastric acid secretion.

Schubert ML

Current opinion in gastroenterology 2016; (32(6)):452-460 doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000308.

Modified Staging Classification for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors on the Basis of the American Joint Committee on Cancer and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Systems.

Luo G, Javed A, Strosberg JR, et al.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2017; (35(3)):274-280 doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.67.8193.

Embolotherapy for Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases: Prognostic Factors for Hepatic Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival.

Chen JX, Rose S, White SB, et al.

Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2017; (40(1)):69-80 doi:10.1007/s00270-016-1478-z.

Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas.

Dromain C, Déandréis D, Scoazec JY, et al.

Diagnostic and interventional imaging 2016; (97(12)):1241-1257 doi:10.1016/j.diii.2016.07.012.

Assessing for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 in Patients Evaluated for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome-Clues to a Safer Diagnostic Process.

Singh Ospina N, Donegan D, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, et al.

The American journal of medicine 2017; (130(5)):603-605 doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.035.

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: A Rare Case of Chronic Diarrhea.

Aamar A, Madhani K, Virk H, Butt Z

Gastroenterology research 2016; (9(6)):103-104 doi:10.14740/gr734w.

B-mode and contrast-enhancement characteristics of small nonincidental neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors.

Braden B, Jenssen C, D'Onofrio M, et al.

Endoscopic ultrasound 2017; (6(1)):49-54 doi:10.4103/2303-9027.200213.

A case of type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia with esophageal stricture successfully treated with endoscopic balloon dilation and local steroid injection combined with surgical resection of gastrinomas.

Matsubayashi H, Kawata N, Kakushima N, et al.

BMC gastroenterology 2017; (17(1)):37 doi:10.1186/s12876-017-0597-6.

A Perplexing Case of Abdominal Pain That Led to the Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Lenhart A, Hassan M, Meighani A, et al.

Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine 2017; (2017()):7636952 doi:10.1155/2017/7636952.

Primary lymph node gastrinoma: A single institution experience.

Chen Y, Deshpande V, Ferrone C, et al.

Surgery 2017; (162(5)):1088-1094 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2017.05.017.

Catching the Zebra: Clinical Pearls and Pitfalls for the Successful Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Mendelson AH, Donowitz M

Digestive diseases and sciences 2017; (62(9)):2258-2265 doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4695-7.

Diagnosis and management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in 2018.

De Angelis C, Cortegoso Valdivia P, Venezia L, et al.

Minerva endocrinologica 2018; (43(2)):212-220 doi:10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02745-6.

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: is there a role for somatostatin analogues in the treatment of the gastrinoma?

Guarnotta V, Martini C, Davì MV, et al.

Endocrine 2018; (60(1)):15-27 doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1420-4.

Prospective Evaluation of Results of Reoperation in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Norton JA, Krampitz GW, Poultsides GA, et al.

Annals of surgery 2018; (267(4)):782-788 doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002122.

Results of Duodenopancreatic Reoperations in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Albers MB, Manoharan J, Bollmann C, et al.

World journal of surgery 2019; (43(2)):552-558 doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4809-1.

Systematic review of current prognostication systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Teo RYA, Teo TZ, Tai DWM, et al.

Surgery 2019; (165(4)):672-685 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2018.10.031.

Targeted Systemic Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors: Current Options and Future Perspectives.

Herrera-Martínez AD, Hofland J, Hofland LJ, et al.

Drugs 2019; (79(1)):21-42 doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1033-0.

Efficacy of 177Lu Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Meta-analysis.

Saravana-Bawan B, Bajwa A, Paterson J, et al.

Clinical nuclear medicine 2019; (44(9)):719-727 doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000002646.

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: A Classic Presentation.

Shah I, Vyas N, Kadkhodayan KS

Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine 2019; (2019()):9605769 doi:10.1155/2019/9605769.

Contemporary surgical management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Albers MB, Manoharan J, Bartsch DK

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2019; (33(5)):101318 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2019.101318.

Surgical management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Classical considerations and current controversies.

Shao QQ, Zhao BB, Dong LB, et al.

World journal of gastroenterology 2019; (25(32)):4673-4681 doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i32.4673.

The Relationship of Gastrinoma in MEN 1 to Helicobacter pylori infection.

Endall R, Thompson M, Parameswaran V, Burgess J

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2020; (105(3)) doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa004.

De novo Gastrinoma: A Case Report.

Barbosa A, Gomes F, Fonseca L, et al.

GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology 2020; (27(3)):192-196 doi:10.1159/000503073.

Delayed Management of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome in a Noncompliant Patient.

Klimko A, Plotogea O, Constantinescu A, Constantinescu G

Cureus 2020; (12(6)):e8471 doi:10.7759/cureus.8471.

Duodenal perforation as presentation of gastric neuroendocrine tumour: A case report.

Di Buono G, Bonventre G, Badalamenti G, et al.

International journal of surgery case reports 2020; (77S()):S105-S108 doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.09.120.

Total gastrectomy for severe proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia in a MEN1/Zollinger Ellison syndrome patient.

Perrier M, Delemer B, Deguelte S, et al.

Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.] 2021; (21(1)):236-239 doi:10.1016/j.pan.2020.12.002.

Overcoming nephrotoxicity in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy using [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours.

Geenen L, Nonnekens J, Konijnenberg M, et al.

Nuclear medicine and biology 2021; (102-103()):1-11 doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.06.006.

Hypertrophic Gastric folds with Hypomagnesemia, linking the dots.

Zafar M, Muhammad T, Saher NU, Toqeer M

Pakistan journal of medical sciences 2021; (37(4)):1237-1240 doi:10.12669/pjms.37.4.3984.

Validity of Secretin Stimulation Testing on Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Bhattacharya S, Blau JE, Cochran C, et al.

The American journal of gastroenterology 2021; (116(11)):2216-2221 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001487.

Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome: A roadmap for the management between new and old therapies.

Rossi RE, Elvevi A, Citterio D, et al.

World journal of gastroenterology 2021; (27(35)):5890-5907 doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i35.5890.

[Comparison of clinical characteristics between sporadic gastrinoma and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related gastrinoma].

Guo Y, Chen LH, Liu M, et al.

Zhonghua wei chang wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of gastrointestinal surgery 2021; (24(10)):875-882 doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20210719-00291.

Somatostatin analogs in patients with Zollinger Ellison syndrome (ZES): an observational study.

Massironi S, Cavalcoli F, Elvevi A, et al.

Endocrine 2022; (75(3)):942-948 doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02915-7.

Secretin Stimulation Test and Early Diagnosis of Gastrinoma in MEN1 Syndrome: Survey on the MEN1 Florentine Database.

Giusti F, Cioppi F, Fossi C, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2022; (107(5)):e2110-e2123 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab903.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) Presenting as an Invasive Macroprolactinoma Complicated by Acute Bacterial Meningitis.

Bandaru S, Jaju A, Manthri S, et al.

Cureus 2021; (13(12)):e20086 doi:10.7759/cureus.20086.

Surgery in Patients with Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, Neuroendocrine Tumors G3 and High Grade Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Holmager P, Langer SW, Kjaer A, et al.

Current treatment options in oncology 2022; (23(6)):806-817 doi:10.1007/s11864-022-00969-x.

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms: a primer for radiologists.

Roseland ME, Francis IR, Shampain KL, et al.

Abdominal radiology (New York) 2022; (47(12)):3993-4004 doi:10.1007/s00261-022-03509-1.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy Is the Best Surgical Procedure for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Kong W, Albers MB, Manoharan J, et al.

Cancers 2022; (14(8)) doi:10.3390/cancers14081928.

Type-1 Grade 2 Multi-Focal Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors Secondary to Chronic Autoimmune Gastritis.

Yu Z, Wang A, Hu C, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2022; (9()):856125 doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.856125.

Radiological Features of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases.

Pratap T, Jalal MJA, Jacob D, et al.

The Indian journal of radiology & imaging 2022; (32(3)):395-402 doi:10.1055/s-0042-1750725.

How to treat gastrinomas in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type1: surgery or long-term proton pump inhibitors?

Imamura M, Komoto I, Taki Y

Surgery today 2023; (53(12)):1325-1334 doi:10.1007/s00595-022-02627-z.

Ga-68 DOTATATE PET/CT in a patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Jayasekera M, Sartin S, Bhargava P

Radiology case reports 2023; (18(3)):1046-1048 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2022.12.038.

Recurrence after surgical resection of nonmetastatic sporadic gastrinoma: Which prognostic factors and surgical procedure?

Robin L, Sauvanet A, Walter T, et al.

Surgery 2023; (173(5)):1144-1152 doi:10.1016/j.surg.2022.12.030.

Successful Lifetime/Long-Term Medical Treatment of Acid Hypersecretion in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES): Myth or Fact? Insights from an Analysis of Results of NIH Long-Term Prospective Studies of ZES.

Ito T, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT

Cancers 2023; (15(5)) doi:10.3390/cancers15051377.

All you need to know about gastrinoma today | Gastrinoma and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: A thorough update.

Chatzipanagiotou O, Schizas D, Vailas M, et al.

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2023; (35(4)):e13267 doi:10.1111/jne.13267.

Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.

Maideen NMP

Chonnam medical journal 2023; (59(2)):115-127 doi:10.4068/cmj.2023.59.2.115.

Imaging surveillance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Ten years of experience with somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography.

Said M, Krogh J, Feldt-Rasmussen U, et al.

Journal of neuroendocrinology 2023; (35(8)):e13322 doi:10.1111/jne.13322.

Management of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases.

Harrelson A, Wang R, Stewart A, et al.

American journal of surgery 2023; (226(5)):623-630 doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.08.011.

A Rare Case of Hepatic Gastrinoma.

Zaher EA, Eshan SH, Patel P, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(8)):e43383 doi:10.7759/cureus.43383.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: clinicopathological analysis of a Japanese family with focus on menin immunohistochemistry.

Kimura N, Hirata Y, Iwashiro N, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2023; (14()):1221514 doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1221514.

Esophageal Perforation Unveiling the Diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.

Shaik MR, Shaik NA, Kunarathnam V, et al.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives 2023; (13(5)):77-81 doi:10.55729/2000-9666.1228.

Sporadic gastrinoma with refractory benign esophageal stricture: A case report.

Chen QN, Bai BQ, Xu Y, et al.

World journal of clinical cases 2024; (12(7)):1284-1289 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i7.1284.

Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of a Sporadic Gastrinoma With Liver Metastases.

Jadhav A, Ayyat M, Serafini FM

Cureus 2024; (16(5)):e61426 doi:10.7759/cureus.61426.

Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor-Acid Suppressive Treatment Can Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES) Patients.

Ito T, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT

International journal of molecular sciences 2024; (25(13)) doi:10.3390/ijms25137286.

Diarrhea, Weight Loss, and an Elevated Gastrin: A Case Report.

Alexander RG, Cheville JC, Thompson GB, Alexander GL

Case reports in gastroenterology 2025; (19(1)):428-433 doi:10.1159/000545714.

Etiology and Therapeutic Strategies for Refractory Peptic Ulcers: A Comprehensive Review.

Park SB

The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research.. 2025; (25(1)):17-22 doi:10.7704/kjhugr.2024.0072.

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Unmasked during Hiatal Hernia Evaluation: A Case Report.

Vasireddy R, Gaddipati G, Bilalaga MM, et al.

Case reports in gastroenterology 2025; (19(1)):219-224 doi:10.1159/000544940.

Surgical Strategies for Tumors of the Pancreas and Duodenum.

Reveron-Thornton RF, Huang KX, Delitto D, et al.

Cancers 2025; (17(18)) doi:10.3390/cancers17183091.

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis analysis of gastrinoma based on the SEER database.

Qiu C, Hu C, Lu C, et al.

PloS one 2025; (20(12)):e0337940 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0337940.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Presenting as Recurrent Overt Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Ulceration: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Sanjana VI, Fahim J, Sekander A, Rameshshanker R

Cureus 2025; (17(12)):e99252 doi:10.7759/cureus.99252.

Severe Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Diagnostic Dilemmas in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: A Case Report.

Bragança S, Figueiredo LM, Oliveira AM, et al.

GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology 2025; doi:10.1159/000550071.

Balancing therapeutic benefits and hidden risks of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice: a narrative review and update.

Rogalidou M, Papadopoulou A

Clinical and experimental pediatrics 2026; (69(3)):186-196 doi:10.3345/cep.2025.02761.

Surgical Management of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 an AFCE and GTE Cohort Study. (Association Francophone de Chirurgie Endocrinienne and Groupe d'étude des Tumeurs Endocrines).

Gaujoux S, Pattou F, Cadiot G, et al.

World journal of surgery 2026; (50(5)):1300-1311 doi:10.1002/wjs.70303.

Role of Interventional Oncology in the Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors: 2026 Update.

DePietro DM, Soulen MC

Current oncology reports 2026; (28(1)).