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Research & Literature

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Explore the leading researchers and institutions driving advances in this area, and dive into the full body of literature that informs this resource.

Explore the Literature

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References

  1. 1

    Respiratory and otolaryngologic manifestations of giant cell arteritis.

    Imran TF, Helfgott S

    Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2015; (33(2 Suppl 89)):S-164-70.

    PMID: 26016768
  2. 2

    Using temporal artery biopsy to diagnose giant cell arteritis in a patient with bilateral arm ischemia.

    Glaser J, Sharim R, Birnbaum B, et al.

    International journal of surgery case reports 2015; (13()):95-8.

    PMID: 26185039
  3. 3

    Level of Adherence to Prophylactic Osteoporosis Medication amongst Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

    Emamifar A, Gildberg-Mortensen R, Andreas Just S, et al.

    International journal of rheumatology 2015; (2015()):783709 doi:10.1155/2015/783709.

    PMID: 26491449
  4. 4

    [SHOULD PATIENTS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS BE TESTED FOR AORTIC ANEURYSMS?].

    Milchert M, Brzosko M

    Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis 2014; (60(2)):37-9.

    PMID: 26591105
  5. 5

    [Pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis].

    Samson M, Bonnotte B

    La Revue de medecine interne 2016; (37(4)):264-73.

    PMID: 26620872
  6. 6

    Myalgias and Myopathies: Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Mansalis K

    FP essentials 2016; (440()):16-22.

    PMID: 26734832
  7. 7

    Long-term efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis and large vessel vasculitis.

    Evans J, Steel L, Borg F, Dasgupta B

    RMD open 2016; (2(1)):e000137 doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000137.

    PMID: 26819753
  8. 8

    Baseline clinical predictors of an ultimate giant cell arteritis diagnosis in patients referred to temporal artery biopsy.

    Grossman C, Barshack I, Koren-Morag N, et al.

    Clinical rheumatology 2016; (35(7)):1817-22 doi:10.1007/s10067-016-3221-1.

    PMID: 26925851
  9. 9

    Temporal arteritis with erythrocyte sedimentation rate <50 mm/h: a clinical reminder.

    Cheema MR, Ismaeel SM

    Clinical interventions in aging 2016; (11()):185-8 doi:10.2147/CIA.S40919.

    PMID: 26966355
  10. 10

    Aortitis due to giant cell arteritis and psoriatic arthritis: An uncommon association.

    García-Cezón de la Cruz MDP, Almodóvar R, García Pérez J, et al.

    Reumatologia clinica 2017; (13(4)):230-232 doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2016.03.016.

    PMID: 27131857
  11. 11

    Predictors of Dissection in Aortic Aneurysms From Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Kermani TA, Warrington KJ, Crowson CS, et al.

    Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2016; (22(4)):184-7 doi:10.1097/RHU.0000000000000381.

    PMID: 27219304
  12. 12

    Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review.

    Buttgereit F, Dejaco C, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B

    JAMA 2016; (315(22)):2442-58 doi:10.1001/jama.2016.5444.

    PMID: 27299619
  13. 13

    Extracranial giant cell arteritis: A narrative review.

    Lensen KD, Voskuyl AE, Comans EF, et al.

    The Netherlands journal of medicine 2016; (74(5)):182-92.

    PMID: 27323671
  14. 14

    Corticosteroid-related adverse events in patients with giant cell arteritis: A claims-based analysis.

    Broder MS, Sarsour K, Chang E, et al.

    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2016; (46(2)):246-252 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.05.009.

    PMID: 27378247
  15. 15

    Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica: 2016 Update.

    Nesher G, Breuer GS

    Rambam Maimonides medical journal 2016; (7(4)) doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10262.

    PMID: 27824543
  16. 16

    Widespread headache as the first clinical manifestation of giant cell arteritis in patients affected by polymyalgia rheumatica.

    Manzo C

    Reumatologia 2016; (54(5)):236-238 doi:10.5114/reum.2016.63663.

    PMID: 27994267
  17. 17

    Serious adverse effects associated with glucocorticoid therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA): A nested case-control analysis.

    Wilson JC, Sarsour K, Collinson N, et al.

    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2017; (46(6)):819-827 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.11.006.

    PMID: 28040244
  18. 18

    An unusual case of aortic rupture after deployment of a bare stent in the treatment of aortic dissection in a patient with giant-cell arteritis.

    Rynio P, Kazimierczak A, Gutowski P, Cnotliwy M

    Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques 2017; (12(2)):194-198 doi:10.5114/wiitm.2017.67677.

    PMID: 28694908
  19. 19

    Full blood count as an ancillary test to support the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

    Oh LJ, Wong E, Andrici J, et al.

    Internal medicine journal 2018; (48(4)):408-413 doi:10.1111/imj.13713.

    PMID: 29236347
  20. 20

    EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice.

    Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al.

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2018; (77(5)):636-643 doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212649.

    PMID: 29358285
  21. 21

    Profile of tocilizumab and its potential in the treatment of giant cell arteritis.

    Mollan SP, Horsburgh J, Dasgupta B

    Eye and brain 2018; (10()):1-11 doi:10.2147/EB.S127812.

    PMID: 29416384
  22. 22

    Development of Giant Cell Arteritis after Treating Polymyalgia or Peripheral Arthritis: A Retrospective Case-control Study.

    Liozon E, de Boysson H, Dalmay F, et al.

    The Journal of rheumatology 2018; (45(5)):678-685 doi:10.3899/jrheum.170455.

    PMID: 29545449
  23. 23

    Temporal headache and jaw claudication may be the key for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.

    Peral-Cagigal B, Pérez-Villar Á, Redondo-González LM, et al.

    Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 2018; (23(3)):e290-e294 doi:10.4317/medoral.22298.

    PMID: 29680850
  24. 24

    Bilateral Giant Cell Arteritis Presenting as Bilateral Sudden Vision Loss.

    Modi DK, Sheth K, Wade S, et al.

    Connecticut medicine 2017; (81(4)):235-236.

    PMID: 29714410
  25. 25

    Extracranial Giant Cell Arteritis - A Distinctive Subtype.

    Nicolescu M, Logee K, Pacheco RA, Mandhadi R

    Connecticut medicine 2016; (80(9)):553-557.

    PMID: 29772142
  26. 26

    Lower ocular pulse amplitude with dynamic contour tonometry is associated with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis.

    Ing E, Pagnoux C, Tyndel F, et al.

    Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie 2018; (53(3)):215-221 doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.10.027.

    PMID: 29784156
  27. 27

    Temporal Arteritis Presenting as an Isolated Bilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy: A Rare Case of a 65-year-old Male.

    Lunagariya A, Rupareliya C, Bollu PC, Mahuwala Z

    Cureus 2018; (10(5)):e2667 doi:10.7759/cureus.2667.

    PMID: 30042918
  28. 28

    The clinical benefit of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis.

    Berger CT, Sommer G, Aschwanden M, et al.

    Swiss medical weekly 2018; (148()):w14661.

    PMID: 30141518
  29. 29

    Giant cell arteritis presenting as bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: a biopsy-proven case report in Chinese patient.

    Tian G, Chen W, Chen Q, et al.

    BMC ophthalmology 2018; (18(1)):282 doi:10.1186/s12886-018-0953-5.

    PMID: 30376812
  30. 30

    The role of biologics in the treatment of giant cell arteritis.

    González-Gay MA, Pina T, Prieto-Peña D, et al.

    Expert opinion on biological therapy 2019; (19(1)):65-72 doi:10.1080/14712598.2019.1556256.

    PMID: 30513026
  31. 31

    Bilateral Optic Perineuritis as Initial Presentation of Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Pappolla A, Silveira F, Norscini J, et al.

    The neurologist 2019; (24(1)):26-28 doi:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000206.

    PMID: 30586031
  32. 32

    Two Cases of Segmental Disc Oedema and Normal Visual Acuity in Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Donaldson L, Shemesh AA, Margolin E

    Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) 2019; (43(3)):201-204 doi:10.1080/01658107.2018.1490778.

    PMID: 31312246
  33. 33

    [Treatment of giant cell arteritis].

    Samson M, Greigert H, Ghesquière T, Bonnotte B

    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2019; (48(9)):968-979 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2019.06.002.

    PMID: 31324351
  34. 34

    [Aortitis in giant cell arteritis: Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment].

    Enfrein A, Espitia O, Bonnard G, Agard C

    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2019; (48(9)):956-967 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2019.04.018.

    PMID: 31327542
  35. 35

    [Contribution of Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis].

    Rinagel M, Chatelus E, Arnaud L, Jousse-Joulin S

    Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2019; (48(9)):941-947 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2019.06.004.

    PMID: 31327543
  36. 36

    Giant cell arteritis without cranial manifestations caused mesenteric involvement: a case report.

    Miyake Y, Morimoto Y, Taniguchi M, et al.

    Surgical case reports 2019; (5(1)):119 doi:10.1186/s40792-019-0678-6.

    PMID: 31342194
  37. 37

    Management of difficult polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: Updates for clinical practice.

    Lally L, Spiera R

    Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology 2018; (32(6)):803-812 doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.04.006.

    PMID: 31427056
  38. 38

    Neuro-Ophthalmologic Complications of Giant Cell Arteritis: Diagnosis and Treatment.

    Fein AS, Ko MW

    Seminars in neurology 2019; (39(6)):673-681 doi:10.1055/s-0039-1698761.

    PMID: 31847038
  39. 39

    Healthcare Costs of Potential Glucocorticoid-Associated Adverse Events in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Best JH, Kong AM, Smith DM, et al.

    ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR 2019; (11()):799-807 doi:10.2147/CEOR.S228400.

    PMID: 31920351
  40. 40

    Lessons of the month 4: Giant cell arteritis with normal inflammatory markers and isolated oculomotor nerve palsy.

    Walters B, Lazic D, Ahmed A, Yiin G

    Clinical medicine (London, England) 2020; (20(2)):224-226 doi:10.7861/clinmed.2019-0504.

    PMID: 32188666
  41. 41

    Characteristics and outcomes of patients with ophthalmologic involvement in giant-cell arteritis: A case-control study.

    Dumont A, Lecannuet A, Boutemy J, et al.

    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2020; (50(2)):335-341 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.008.

    PMID: 32192630
  42. 42

    [Treatment of giant cell arteritis: what is in the pipeline?]

    Holle JU, Moosig F

    Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 2020; (79(6)):516-522 doi:10.1007/s00393-020-00808-0.

    PMID: 32399619
  43. 43

    Giant cell arteritis with normal inflammatory markers: case report and review of the literature.

    Martins P, Teixeira V, Teixeira FJ, et al.

    Clinical rheumatology 2020; (39(10)):3115-3125 doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05116-1.

    PMID: 32472460
  44. 44

    Scalp Necrosis Revealing Severe Giant-Cell Arteritis.

    Idoudi S, Ben Kahla M, Mselmi F, et al.

    Case reports in medicine 2020; (2020()):8130404 doi:10.1155/2020/8130404.

    PMID: 32855638
  45. 45

    Incidence and prevalence of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: A systematic literature review.

    Sharma A, Mohammad AJ, Turesson C

    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2020; (50(5)):1040-1048 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.07.005.

    PMID: 32911281
  46. 46

    Current advances in giant cell arteritis.

    Kaushik M, Ponte C, Mollan SP

    Current opinion in neurology 2021; (34(1)):133-141 doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000889.

    PMID: 33230039
  47. 47

    Familial risks between giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis and other autoimmune diseases in the population of Sweden.

    Thomsen H, Li X, Sundquist K, et al.

    Scientific reports 2020; (10(1)):20887 doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77857-7.

    PMID: 33257751
  48. 48

    An interesting case of temporal arteritis that manifested as ptosis and diplopia.

    Martis A, Hassan RS, Alburquerque AG, et al.

    Oxford medical case reports 2020; (2020(11)):omaa099 doi:10.1093/omcr/omaa099.

    PMID: 33269083
  49. 49

    Transient Monocular Visual Loss: When Is It an Emergency?

    Jeeva-Patel T, Kabanovski A, Margolin E

    The Journal of emergency medicine 2021; (60(2)):192-196 doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.10.013.

    PMID: 33277110
  50. 50

    Clinical outcomes of patients with giant cell arteritis treated with tocilizumab in real-world clinical practice: decreased incidence of new visual manifestations.

    Unizony S, McCulley TJ, Spiera R, et al.

    Arthritis research & therapy 2021; (23(1)):8 doi:10.1186/s13075-020-02377-8.

    PMID: 33407817
  51. 51

    Characterization of visual manifestations and identification of risk factors for permanent vision loss in patients with giant cell arteritis.

    Baalbaki H, Jalaledin D, Lachance C, et al.

    Clinical rheumatology 2021; (40(8)):3207-3217 doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05643-5.

    PMID: 33580374
  52. 52

    Update on the Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica.

    El Chami S, Springer JM

    The Medical clinics of North America 2021; (105(2)):311-324 doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2020.09.014.

    PMID: 33589105
  53. 53

    Myocardial infarction during giant cell arteritis: A cohort study.

    Greigert H, Zeller M, Putot A, et al.

    European journal of internal medicine 2021; (89()):30-38 doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2021.02.001.

    PMID: 33610415
  54. 54

    Treatment Patterns, Disease Burden, and Outcomes in Patients with Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A Real-World, Electronic Health Record-Based Study of Patients in Clinical Practice.

    Craig G, Knapp K, Salim B, et al.

    Rheumatology and therapy 2021; (8(1)):529-539 doi:10.1007/s40744-021-00290-3.

    PMID: 33638132
  55. 55

    Corticosteroid Usage in Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Kanakamedala A, Hussain M, Kini A, et al.

    Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) 2021; (45(1)):17-22 doi:10.1080/01658107.2020.1767656.

    PMID: 33762783
  56. 56

    Giant Cell Arteritis among Fevers of Unknown Origin (FUO): An Atypical Presentation.

    Grazioli-Gauthier L, Marcoli N, Vanini G, et al.

    European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2021; (8(3)):002254 doi:10.12890/2021_002254.

    PMID: 33768070
  57. 57

    A French cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis: glucocorticoid treatment and its associated side effects.

    Perrineau S, Ghesquière T, Charles P, et al.

    Clinical and experimental rheumatology 2021; (39 Suppl 129(2)):155-160 doi:10.55563/clinexprheumatol/0nd4kk.

    PMID: 33938796
  58. 58

    [Giant Cell Arteritis].

    Suzuki F, Kimura K

    Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo 2021; (73(5)):496-502 doi:10.11477/mf.1416201791.

    PMID: 34006681
  59. 59

    Treatment failure in giant cell arteritis.

    Unizony SH, Bao M, Han J, et al.

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2021; (80(11)):1467-1474 doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220347.

    PMID: 34049857
  60. 60

    Bilateral Vertebral Artery Vasculitis-A Rare Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis and a Difficult Diagnosis Made Possible by 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT.

    Justesen ND, Hansen MS, Jensen MR, et al.

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (11(5)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics11050879.

    PMID: 34069137
  61. 61

    Arterial-embolic Strokes and Painless Vision Loss Due to Phase II Aortitis and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Case Report.

    Endres K, Anjum O, Costain N

    Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine 2021; (5(2)):174-177 doi:10.5811/cpcem.2021.2.51143.

    PMID: 34436998
  62. 62

    Retinal Detachment and Temporal Artery Dissection: An Elusive Case of Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Farrukh H, VandenBerg C, Ertel E, et al.

    Cureus 2021; (13(7)):e16703 doi:10.7759/cureus.16703.

    PMID: 34513351
  63. 63

    Giant cell arteritis: A case report and review of literature.

    Crain MA, Lakhani DA, Winkler L, et al.

    Radiology case reports 2021; (16(12)):3734-3738 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.08.072.

    PMID: 34630809
  64. 64

    New-onset versus relapsing giant cell arteritis treated with tocilizumab: 3-year results from a randomized controlled trial and extension.

    Stone JH, Spotswood H, Unizony SH, et al.

    Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2022; (61(7)):2915-2922 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab780.

    PMID: 34718434
  65. 65

    Functionally Heterogenous Macrophage Subsets in the Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis: Novel Targets for Disease Monitoring and Treatment.

    Esen I, Jiemy WF, van Sleen Y, et al.

    Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(21)) doi:10.3390/jcm10214958.

    PMID: 34768479
  66. 66

    Efficacy of bilateral temporal artery biopsies and sectioning of the entire block of tissue for the diagnosis of temporal arteritis.

    Agostino A, Farmer J, Blanco P, et al.

    Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology 2022; (59()):107425 doi:10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107425.

    PMID: 35346862
  67. 67

    Update on the Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica.

    El Chami S, Springer JM

    Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America 2022; (48(2)):493-506 doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2022.02.007.

    PMID: 35400374
  68. 68

    Abdominal Pain in a Patient With Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Sundararajan T, Chauhan K

    Cureus 2022; (14(4)):e24149 doi:10.7759/cureus.24149.

    PMID: 35582553
  69. 69

    [Large Vessel Vasculitides: Giant Cell Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis - Similarities and Differences].

    Gloor AD, Christ L

    Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique 2022; (79(5)):221-228 doi:10.1024/0040-5930/a001353.

    PMID: 35583023
  70. 70

    Vasculitogenic T Cells in Large Vessel Vasculitis.

    Watanabe R, Hashimoto M

    Frontiers in immunology 2022; (13()):923582 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.923582.

    PMID: 35784327
  71. 71

    A nationwide study of ocular manifestations leading to hospital contacts among patients with giant cell arteritis.

    Therkildsen P, de Thurah A, Faurschou M, et al.

    Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2022; (56()):152071 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152071.

    PMID: 35878473
  72. 72

    An Unusual Case of Giant Cell Arteritis.

    Goyal N, Basnet A, Donenfeld TT, et al.

    Cureus 2022; (14(7)):e26483 doi:10.7759/cureus.26483.

    PMID: 35919218
  73. 73

    Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: Rapid Evidence Review.

    Raleigh MF, Stoddard J, Darrow HJ

    American family physician 2022; (106(4)):420-426.

    PMID: 36260899
  74. 74

    Evolution of ultrasound in giant cell arteritis.

    Kirby C, Flood R, Mullan R, et al.

    Frontiers in medicine 2022; (9()):981659 doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.981659.

    PMID: 36262280
  75. 75

    Clinical Diagnosis of Temporal Arteritis With Seronegative and Negative Biopsy Studies.

    Bayas A, Carranza O, Swerdloff MA

    Cureus 2022; (14(11)):e31011 doi:10.7759/cureus.31011.

    PMID: 36475126
  76. 76

    Is Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Necessary for the Initial Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis?

    Hansen MS, Klefter ON, Terslev L, et al.

    Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (13(3)) doi:10.3390/life13030693.

    PMID: 36983848
  77. 77

    Imaging of giant cell arteritis - recent advances.

    Owen CE, Yates M, Liew DFL, et al.

    Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology 2023; (37(1)):101827 doi:10.1016/j.berh.2023.101827.

    PMID: 37277245
  78. 78

    [Epidemiology and pathophysiology of giant cell arteritis].

    Greigert H, Bonnotte B, Samson M

    La Revue du praticien 2023; (73(4)):380-386.

    PMID: 37289150
  79. 79

    Giant cell arteritis and innovative treatments.

    Costanzo G, Ledda AG, Sambugaro G

    Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 2023; (23(4)):327-333 doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000923.

    PMID: 37357797
  80. 80

    Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AAION) Associated with COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

    Shahraki K, Najafi A, Ashoori N, et al.

    Case reports in ophthalmological medicine 2023; (2023()):9009925 doi:10.1155/2023/9009925.

    PMID: 37492646
  81. 81

    EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice: 2023 update.

    Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Bond M, et al.

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2024; (83(6)):741-751 doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224543.

    PMID: 37550004
  82. 82

    Updates on the Prognosis of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review.

    Abukanna AM, Alanazi YF, Alanazi FWS, et al.

    Cureus 2023; (15(12)):e50299 doi:10.7759/cureus.50299.

    PMID: 38089946
  83. 83

    Orbital MRI Findings in a Patient With Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): A Case Report.

    Alhawiti S, AlSulaim T

    Cureus 2023; (15(11)):e49507 doi:10.7759/cureus.49507.

    PMID: 38152789
  84. 84

    Usefulness of 18F-FDG PET-CT for assessing large-vessel involvement in patients with suspected giant cell arteritis and negative temporal artery biopsy.

    Narváez J, Estrada P, Vidal-Montal P, et al.

    Arthritis research & therapy 2024; (26(1)):13 doi:10.1186/s13075-023-03254-w.

    PMID: 38172907
  85. 85

    Multimodality Imaging in Cranial Giant Cell Arteritis: First Experience with High-Resolution T1-Weighted 3D Black Blood without Contrast Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

    Brittain JM, Hansen MS, Carlsen JF, et al.

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (14(1)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics14010081.

    PMID: 38201390
  86. 86

    Long-term effect of tocilizumab in patients with giant cell arteritis: open-label extension phase of the Giant Cell Arteritis Actemra (GiACTA) trial.

    Stone JH, Han J, Aringer M, et al.

    The Lancet. Rheumatology 2021; (3(5)):e328-e336 doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00038-2.

    PMID: 38279390
  87. 87

    Halo sign on temporal artery ultrasound versus temporal artery biopsy for giant cell arteritis.

    Pouncey AL, Yeldham G, Magan T, et al.

    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2024; (2()):CD013199 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013199.pub2.

    PMID: 38323659
  88. 88

    Giant Cell Arteritis: Advances in Understanding Pathogenesis and Implications for Clinical Practice.

    Paroli M, Caccavale R, Accapezzato D

    Cells 2024; (13(3)) doi:10.3390/cells13030267.

    PMID: 38334659
  89. 89

    Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis in Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand.

    van Dantzig P, Quincey V, Kurz J, et al.

    The New Zealand medical journal 2024; (137(1592)):14-21 doi:10.26635/6965.6379.

    PMID: 38513200
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    Multimodality imaging to assess diagnosis and evaluate complications of large vesselarteritis.

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