Research & Literature

Endovascular Modalities for the Treatment of Cavernous Sinus Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Single-Center Experience.

Hassan T, Rashad S, Aziz W, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2015; (24(12)):2824-38.

Surgical management of glaucoma secondary to idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure.

Pradhan ZS, Kuruvilla A, Jacob P

Oman journal of ophthalmology 2015; (8(2)):120-1 doi:10.4103/0974-620X.159266.

Unilateral Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Causing Bilateral Ocular Manifestation.

Demartini Z, Liebert F, Gatto LA, et al.

Case reports in ophthalmology 2015; (6(3)):482-7 doi:10.1159/000443141.

Ocular manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

Mantelli F, Bruscolini A, La Cava M, et al.

Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2016; (10()):871-8 doi:10.2147/OPTH.S101963.

Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma Presenting as Refractory Unilateral Open-angle Glaucoma.

Sears NC, Singh A, Singh AD

Journal of glaucoma 2016; (25(8)):e741-4 doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000459.

Spontaneous Resolution of Presumed Idiopathic Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure.

Breazzano MP, Mawn LA, Kuchtey RW

Journal of glaucoma 2016; (25(8)):e751-2 doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000440.

Mechanism of Action of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty and Predictors of Response.

Gulati V, Fan S, Gardner BJ, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2017; (58(3)):1462-1468 doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20710.

Effect of Body Position on Epsicleral Venous Pressure in Healthy Subjects.

Arora N, McLaren JW, Hodge DO, Sit AJ

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2017; (58(12)):5151-5156 doi:10.1167/iovs.17-22154.

Bilateral carotid cavernous sinus fistula: a case report and review of the literature.

Docherty G, Eslami M, Jiang K, Barton JS

Journal of neurology 2018; (265(3)):453-459 doi:10.1007/s00415-017-8657-y.

Superior Ophthalmic Vein Access for Embolization of an Indirect Carotid Cavernous Fistula.

Haider AS, Garg P, Leonard D, et al.

Cureus 2017; (9(9)):e1639 doi:10.7759/cureus.1639.

Radius-Maumenee syndrome: a rare cause of glaucoma.

Marques SHM, Farinha C, Martins A, Faria P

BMJ case reports 2018; (2018()) doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-223255.

Pathophysiology and management of glaucoma associated with phakomatoses.

Thavikulwat AT, Edward DP, AlDarrab A, Vajaranant TS

Journal of neuroscience research 2019; (97(1)):57-69 doi:10.1002/jnr.24241.

Advanced glaucoma secondary to bilateral idiopathic dilated episcleral veins - a case report.

Rong X, Li M

BMC ophthalmology 2018; (18(1)):207 doi:10.1186/s12886-018-0892-1.

Spontaneous resolution of direct carotid-cavernous fistulas: case series and literature review.

Iampreechakul P, Tirakotai W, Tanpun A, et al.

Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences 2019; (25(1)):71-89 doi:10.1177/1591019918800220.

Dural arteriovenous fistula associated with intratumor hemorrhage.

Takemoto Y, Kawano T, Ohmori Y, et al.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2019; (59()):352-355 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.008.

[Glaucoma due to elevated episcleral venous pressure].

Greslechner R, Oberacher-Velten I

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft 2019; (116(5)):423-429 doi:10.1007/s00347-018-0828-4.

Ocular manifestations of pulmonary hypertension.

Lewczuk N, Zdebik A, Bogusławska J, et al.

Survey of ophthalmology 2019; (64(5)):694-699 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.02.009.

Intraocular Pressure in the Eyes of Patients With Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas: Profile, Intereye Asymmetry, and Treatment Outcomes.

Khurana M, Alam MS, Balekudaru S, et al.

Journal of glaucoma 2019; (28(12)):1074-1078 doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000001392.

Intraocular pressure elevation associated with blood in Schlemm's canal after strabismus surgery.

Wutthayakorn W, Meethongkam K, Pukrushpan P, Chansangpetch S

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2020; (18()):100665 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100665.

Idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure in a teenager.

Sun CQ, Medert CM, Chang TC

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2020; (18()):100712 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100712.

Successful Reduction of Intraocular Pressure in a Patient with Glaucoma Secondary to Sturge-Weber Syndrome Using a Suprachoroidal Shunt.

Junttila TL, Alberto N, Winkels M, Greenwood MD

Journal of current glaucoma practice 2020; (14(1)):43-46 doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1266.

Facial Port-Wine Stain Phenotypes Associated with Glaucoma Risk in Neonates.

Ha A, Kim JS, Baek SU, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology 2020; (220()):183-190 doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.003.

Secondary open-angle glaucoma and serous macular detachment associated with pulmonary hypertension.

Gupta I, Haddock L, Greenfield DS

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2020; (20()):100878 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100878.

[Radius-Maumenee syndrome: A rare cause of glaucoma].

Bouaziz K, Aragno V, Batras M, et al.

Journal francais d'ophtalmologie 2020; (43(9)):837-841 doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2020.01.024.

Carotid-cavernous fistula from the perspective of an ophthalmologist A Review.

Jozef Č

Ceska a slovenska oftalmologie : casopis Ceske oftalmologicke spolecnosti a Slovenske oftalmologicke spolecnosti 2020; (1(Ahead of print)):1-8 doi:10.31348/2020/8.

[Clinical and sonographic examination findings in patients with carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas].

Hübner L, Struffert T, Mardin CY, et al.

Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft 2021; (118(9)):919-925 doi:10.1007/s00347-020-01310-3.

Clinical improvement in indirect carotid cavernous fistulas treated endovascularly: A patient based review.

Kısabay Ak A, Çınar C, Doğan GN, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2021; (207()):106750 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106750.

Consensus Statement for the Management and Treatment of Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Neurology, Neuroimaging, and Ophthalmology Recommendations.

Sabeti S, Ball KL, Bhattacharya SK, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2021; (121()):59-66 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.04.013.

RARE PRESENTATION OF BILATERAL CAROTID-CAVERNOUS FISTULA AS SUPRACHOROIDAL HEMORRHAGE DURING CATARACT SURGERY.

Zainol N, Raman P, Devi-S P, Mohd Khalid KH

Retinal cases & brief reports 2023; (17(4)):362-364 doi:10.1097/ICB.0000000000001186.

Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma in Thyroid Eye Disease.

Betzler BK, Young SM, Sundar G

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery 2022; (38(3)):219-225 doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000002049.

Delayed intracerebral hemorrhage from a traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula associated with an enucleated orbit.

Bram R, Chaudhry N, Choi JL, Atwal G

Journal of cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery 2021; (23(3)):251-259 doi:10.7461/jcen.2021.E2020.10.006.

Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistula with Contralateral Feed Not Diagnosed by Virtual Assessment or by Non-Invasive Vascular Imaging.

Ing E, Tyndel F, Tang J, Marotta TR

Case reports in ophthalmology 2021; (12(2)):712-716 doi:10.1159/000518806.

Carotid cavernous fistula secondary to ruptured carotid cavernous aneurysm causing orbital compartment syndrome.

Mathews B, Knight OJ

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2022; (25()):101310 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101310.

Bilateral Episcleral Corkscrew Vessels: Expedition into the Unknown - Case Report.

Madeira C, Alves G, Godinho G, et al.

Case reports in ophthalmology 2022; (13(1)):109-115 doi:10.1159/000515971.

Outcomes of medical and surgical management in eyes with idiopathic elevated episcleral venous pressure.

Ganesh N, Alam MS, George RJ, et al.

Indian journal of ophthalmology 2022; (70(9)):3316-3319 doi:10.4103/ijo.IJO_2931_21.

A Rare and Surprising Case of Spontaneous Type B Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in an Internal Medicine Ward.

Campos AL, Gonçalves FMF, Cardoso R, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(11)):e31456 doi:10.7759/cureus.31456.

Topical netarsudil for treatment of glaucoma with elevated episcleral venous pressure: A pilot investigation in sturge-weber syndrome.

Kaufman AR, Elhusseiny AM, Edward DP, et al.

European journal of ophthalmology 2023; (33(5)):1969-1976 doi:10.1177/11206721231159694.

Clinical efficacy of endovascular treatment approach in patients with carotid cavernous fistula: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rahmatian A, Yaghoobpoor S, Tavasol A, et al.

World neurosurgery: X 2023; (19()):100189 doi:10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100189.

Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas.

Ide S, Kiyosue H, Tokuyama K, et al.

Journal of neuroendovascular therapy 2020; (14(12)):583-592 doi:10.5797/jnet.ra.2020-0131.

Pressure-Lowering Effect of Interventional Fistula Occlusion in Secondary Glaucoma due to Orbital Draining Intracerebral Fistulae.

Kesper C, Skalej M, Huth A, et al.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde 2024; (241(1)):39-47 doi:10.1055/a-2040-4219.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Fellow-Eye Involvement in Sturge-Weber Syndrome Children With Unilateral Glaucoma.

Shin YI, Ha A, Jeong Y, et al.

Journal of glaucoma 2024; (33(1)):40-46 doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000002295.

Secondary ocular hypertension due to tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula: a case report.

Ma Y, Lv K, Yang K, Wu H

BMC ophthalmology 2023; (23(1)):373 doi:10.1186/s12886-023-03124-8.

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Takusagawa HL, Hoguet A, Sit AJ, et al.

Ophthalmology 2024; (131(1)):37-47 doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.07.029.

An Update on Multimodal Ophthalmological Imaging of Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome.

Ciancimino C, Di Pippo M, Rullo D, et al.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (7(4)) doi:10.3390/vision7040064.

Radius-Maumenee syndrome-associated glaucoma, a therapeutic challenge: A case report.

Lavaris A, Petrushkin H, Nikita E

European journal of ophthalmology 2024; (34(5)):NP37-NP43 doi:10.1177/11206721241261096.

Radius-Maumenee Syndrome, A Rare Entity: A Case Report.

Basnet R, Singh SK

Nepalese journal of ophthalmology : a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of the Nepal Ophthalmic Society : NEPJOPH 2023; (15(29)):92-98 doi:10.3126/nepjoph.v15i1.49617.

Clinical implications of lowering episcleral venous pressure in the management of glaucoma and the use of Rho kinase inhibitors.

Sit AJ, Aihara M, Khawaja AP, et al.

Survey of ophthalmology 2025; (70(5)):918-929 doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2025.03.003.

Sturge-Weber syndrome secondary glaucoma: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.

Wen T, Wang L, Luo H, Tang L

Eye and vision (London, England) 2025; (12(1)):16 doi:10.1186/s40662-025-00432-6.

Relationship Between Diurnal Variations of Episcleral Venous Pressure and Intraocular Pressure.

Kazemi A, Roy Chowdhury U, Fautsch MP, et al.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2025; (66(11)):44 doi:10.1167/iovs.66.11.44.

Glaucoma Management in Sturge-Weber Syndrome Using the Delphi Process.

Abbas K, Harrison B, Peter Chang TC, et al.

Ophthalmology. Glaucoma 2026; (9(3)):336-342 doi:10.1016/j.ogla.2025.11.003.

Long-term ocular outcomes and prognostic factors for clinical recovery in carotid cavernous fistulas: a retrospective single-center study of 141 eyes.

Witthayaweerasak J, Mukmonthein S, Aui-Aree N, et al.

Japanese journal of ophthalmology 2026; (70(3)):664-673 doi:10.1007/s10384-025-01320-1.

A Case of Refractory Childhood Glaucoma Associated With Sturge-Weber Syndrome Treated With Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant.

Imamura W, Matsuda A, Hirota A, et al.

Case reports in ophthalmological medicine 2026; (2026()):8624998 doi:10.1155/crop/8624998.

Ocular manifestations of a rare congenital heart defect: Advanced glaucoma and retinal vein occlusion associated with double-chambered right ventricle.

Khoury JA, Kanda P, Gill H, et al.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2026; (42()):102558 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2026.102558.

Why Low Outflow Facility and Low Aqueous Production May Be Risk Factors in Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation: A Goldmann-Based Perspective.

Tanito M

Cureus 2026; (18(4)):e107217 doi:10.7759/cureus.107217.

Low-flow carotid-cavernous fistula associated with cavernous sinus thrombosis: An ophthalmic presentation.

Moro-Muniz M, Sanz Marco E, Salom Alonso D

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia 2026; 502592 doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2026.502592.