Research & Literature

Conventional and 3-Dimensional Computerized Tomography in Eagle's Syndrome, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, and Asymptomatic Controls.

Kent DT, Rath TJ, Snyderman C

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2015; (153(1)):41-7 doi:10.1177/0194599815583047.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with cardiac syncope: Two case reports and literature review.

Krasoudakis A, Anyfantakis D, Hadjipetrou A, et al.

International journal of surgery case reports 2015; (12()):4-6.

Neurosurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 103 cases.

Ma Y, Li YF, Wang QC, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery 2016; (124(4)):1088-92 doi:10.3171/2015.3.JNS141806.

Classification of neurovascular compression in glossopharyngeal neuralgia: Three-dimensional visualization of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Tanrikulu L, Hastreiter P, Dörfler A, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2015; (6()):189 doi:10.4103/2152-7806.172534.

Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring: Technical case report.

Motoyama Y, Nakagawa I, Takatani T, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2016; (7(Suppl 2)):S28-35 doi:10.4103/2152-7806.173565.

Imaging of Neurovascular Compression Syndromes: Trigeminal Neuralgia, Hemifacial Spasm, Vestibular Paroxysmia, and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Haller S, Etienne L, Kövari E, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2016; (37(8)):1384-92 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4683.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia associated with cardiac syncope.

Burfield L, Ahmad F, Adams J

BMJ case reports 2016; (2016()).

Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia through a microasterional approach: A case series.

Revuelta-Gutiérrez R, Morales-Martínez AH, Mejías-Soto C, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2016; (7()):51 doi:10.4103/2152-7806.181824.

Continuous neuropathic pain secondary to endoscopic procedures: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Kalladka M, Nasri-Heir C, Eliav E, et al.

Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology 2016; (122(2)):e55-9.

Imaging of Vascular Compression Syndromes.

Donahue JH, Ornan DA, Mukherjee S

Radiologic clinics of North America 2017; (55(1)):123-138 doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.001.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia: an international multicenter study.

Kano H, Urgosik D, Liscak R, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery 2016; (125(Suppl 1)):147-153 doi:10.3171/2016.7.GKS161523.

Trigeminal neuralgia - diagnosis and treatment.

Maarbjerg S, Di Stefano G, Bendtsen L, Cruccu G

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache 2017; (37(7)):648-657 doi:10.1177/0333102416687280.

Other facial neuralgias.

O'Neill F, Nurmikko T, Sommer C

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache 2017; (37(7)):658-669 doi:10.1177/0333102417689995.

Eslicarbazepine acetate for neuropathic pain, headache, and cranial neuralgia: Evidence and experience.

Alcántara Montero A, Sánchez Carnerero CI

Neurologia 2019; (34(6)):386-395 doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2016.11.009.

Is universal HLA-B*15:02 screening a cost-effective option in an ethnically diverse population? A case study of Malaysia.

Chong HY, Mohamed Z, Tan LL, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2017; (177(4)):1102-1112 doi:10.1111/bjd.15498.

Antiepileptic Drugs and Liver Disease.

Vidaurre J, Gedela S, Yarosz S

Pediatric neurology 2017; (77()):23-36 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.09.013.

Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 228 cases.

Xia L, Li YS, Liu MX, et al.

Acta neurochirurgica 2018; (160(1)):117-123 doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3347-1.

Microvascular Decompression for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Clinical Analyses of 30 Cases.

Kim MK, Park JS, Ahn YH

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017; (60(6)):738-748 doi:10.3340/jkns.2017.0506.010.

Oxcarbazepine for neuropathic pain.

Zhou M, Chen N, He L, et al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2017; (12()):CD007963 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007963.pub3.

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for HLA Genotype and Use of Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine: 2017 Update.

Phillips EJ, Sukasem C, Whirl-Carrillo M, et al.

Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2018; (103(4)):574-581 doi:10.1002/cpt.1004.

Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor and Midodrine in a Patient With Autonomic Instability 2/2 Compressive Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Pain.

Ball K, Vacek TP

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports 2018; (6()):2324709617749621 doi:10.1177/2324709617749621.

A systematic review and combined analysis of therapeutic drug monitoring studies for oral paliperidone.

Schoretsanitis G, Spina E, Hiemke C, de Leon J

Expert review of clinical pharmacology 2018; (11(6)):625-639 doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1478727.

Surgical treatment of bilateral glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Ganaha S, Grewal SS, Cheshire WP, et al.

The International journal of neuroscience 2018; (128(12)):1204-1206 doi:10.1080/00207454.2018.1486308.

Eagle's Syndrome, from clinical presentation to diagnosis and surgical treatment: a case report.

Saccomanno S, Greco F, DE Corso E, et al.

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale 2018; (38(2)):166-169 doi:10.14639/0392-100X-1479.

Cranial Neuralgias.

Tepper SJ

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2018; (24(4, Headache)):1157-1178 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000637.

MRI Findings and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Microvascular Decompression for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Jani RH, Hughes MA, Ligus ZE, et al.

Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging 2018; (28(5)):477-482 doi:10.1111/jon.12554.

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Treatment Outcomes After Nerve Section, Microvascular Decompression, or Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Lu VM, Goyal A, Graffeo CS, et al.

World neurosurgery 2018; (120()):572-582.e7 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.042.

Does Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Need Rhizotomy in Neurovascular Decompression Surgery?

Wang J, Yu R, Qu C, et al.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2018; (29(8)):2192-2194 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000004856.

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia with Syncope Caused by Recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Nagata K, Tajiri K, Ueda A, et al.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2019; (58(7)):933-936 doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.1838-18.

Benefits and harms of pregabalin in the management of neuropathic pain: a rapid review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.

Onakpoya IJ, Thomas ET, Lee JJ, et al.

BMJ open 2019; (9(1)):e023600 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023600.

CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: A retrospective clinical study of 117 cases.

Song L, He L, Pei Q, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2019; (178()):42-45 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.01.013.

Gradual aggravation of idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia due to chronic tonsillitis: A case report.

Kim E, Do W, Jung YH, et al.

Medicine 2019; (98(17)):e15234 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000015234.

Ultrasound-guided glossopharyngeal nerve block via the styloid process for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective study.

Liu Q, Zhong Q, Tang G, He G

Journal of pain research 2019; (12()):2503-2510 doi:10.2147/JPR.S214596.

The Mechanistic Differences in HLA-Associated Carbamazepine Hypersensitivity.

Simper GS, Gräser LS, Celik AA, et al.

Pharmaceutics 2019; (11(10)) doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11100536.

Microvascular Decompression Alone without Rhizotomy Is an Effective Way of Treating Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Clinical Analysis of 46 Cases.

Zheng X, Wei XY, Zhu J, et al.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery 2020; (98(2)):129-135 doi:10.1159/000505712.

Infrequent Monitoring of the Effects of Valproate and Carbamazepine Therapy in Patients With Epilepsy in Nigeria.

Eshiet UI, Ubaka CM, Ukwe CV

Journal of central nervous system disease 2020; (12()):1179573520925934 doi:10.1177/1179573520925934.

Eagle's Syndrome Managed Successfully by Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment.

Swain BP, Vidhya S, Kumar S

Cureus 2020; (12(9)):e10574 doi:10.7759/cureus.10574.

The Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Treatment of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia With Pain Radiating to the Innervated Area of the Trigeminal Nerve.

Wang X, Meng D, Wang L, Chen G

Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 2021; (79(4)):786.e1-786.e8 doi:10.1016/j.joms.2020.11.034.

Recurrent seizures in a young woman: when video-EEG diagnoses a cardiac cause: a case report.

Chaumont C, Bourilhon J, Chastan N, et al.

European heart journal. Case reports 2020; (4(5)):1-6 doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa236.

Posterior condylar canal dural arteriovenous fistula as a rare cause of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: A case report.

Kim JH, Lee CY

Headache 2021; (61(8)):1281-1285 doi:10.1111/head.14190.

Imaging of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Other Facial Pain.

Boeddinghaus R, Whyte A

Neuroimaging clinics of North America 2021; (31(4)):485-508 doi:10.1016/j.nic.2021.05.008.

Data fusion and 3D visualization for optimized representation of neurovascular relationships in the posterior fossa.

Hastreiter P, Bischoff B, Fahlbusch R, et al.

Acta neurochirurgica 2022; (164(8)):2141-2151 doi:10.1007/s00701-021-05099-1.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Concurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Iwai Y, Ishibashi K, Yamanaka K

Cureus 2021; (13(12)):e20717 doi:10.7759/cureus.20717.

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Associated With Bradycardia and syncope-a Case Report.

Naeem A, Adelman EE

The Neurohospitalist 2022; (12(3)):553-555 doi:10.1177/19418744221091112.

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Epidemiology, Risk factors, Pathophysiology, Differential diagnosis, and Treatment Options.

Han A, Montgomery C, Zamora A, et al.

Health psychology research 2022; (10(5)):36042 doi:10.52965/001c.36042.

Imaging of Cranial Neuralgias.

Kanekar S, Saif M, Kanekar S

Neurologic clinics 2022; (40(3)):591-607 doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2022.02.008.

COVID-19 and antiepileptic drugs: an approach to guide practices when nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is co-prescribed.

Yalcin N, Allegaert K

European journal of clinical pharmacology 2022; (78(10)):1697-1701 doi:10.1007/s00228-022-03370-7.

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, An Usually Overlooked Diagnosis: A Prospective Single Center Observation Study.

Rao S, Rao SJ, Raghani M

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2022; (74(Suppl 2)):1955-1960 doi:10.1007/s12070-020-01918-6.

The Location of the Parasympathetic Fibres within the Vagus Nerve Rootlets: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.

Alkubaisi A, Dong CCJ, Honey CR

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery 2023; (101(1)):68-71 doi:10.1159/000528094.

Case report: Trigeminal neuralgia misdiagnosed as glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Wu L, Xiong J, Huang Y, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2023; (14()):1079914 doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1079914.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with cardioinhibitory syncope: Is a permanent pacemaker required?

Marques A, Caldeira D, Alegria S, et al.

Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology 2023; (42(9)):805-809 doi:10.1016/j.repc.2019.12.013.

Black-Box Warnings of Antiseizure Medications: What is Inside the Box?

Wahab A, Iqbal A

Pharmaceutical medicine 2023; (37(3)):233-250 doi:10.1007/s40290-023-00475-x.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with repeated cardiac syncope: A case report.

Nakamura S, Shimizu T, Tsuneoka H, et al.

Surgical neurology international 2023; (14()):208 doi:10.25259/SNI_432_2023.

Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia Characterized by Otalgia: A Retrospective Study.

Fan H, Wang L, Xia S, et al.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2023; (34(8)):e739-e743 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000009521.

The extent of cytochrome P450 3A induction by antiseizure medications: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Cohen H, Mahajna G, Ben-Shushan T, et al.

Epilepsia 2024; (65(2)):445-455 doi:10.1111/epi.17822.

Long-term outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Samanci Y, Mürdün E, Çil M, et al.

Headache 2024; (64(3)):323-328 doi:10.1111/head.14687.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a case report.

Chen JY, Takizawa K, Ozasa K, et al.

Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) 2024; (55(5)):420-425 doi:10.3290/j.qi.b5031815.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Ultrasound-Guided Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block Treatment for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 43 Cases.

You S, Qin X, Tong L, Feng Z

Journal of pain research 2024; (17()):913-921 doi:10.2147/JPR.S437609.

MULTIDIMENSIONALITY AND MULTIDISCIPLINARITY OF CHRONIC NEUROPATHIC NONODONTOGENIC OROFACIAL PAIN.

Šklebar D, Šklebar I, Cesarik M, et al.

Acta clinica Croatica 2023; (62(2)):249-261 doi:10.20471/acc.2023.62.02.01.

Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Allam AK, Larkin MB, Sharma H, Viswanathan A

Neurologic clinics 2024; (42(2)):585-598 doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2023.12.011.

Effectiveness Analysis of Awake Computed Tomography-Guided Double-Needle Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for the Treatment of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Liu Z, Fu L, Fan J, et al.

Pain physician 2024; (27(7)):E695-E703.

Diagnostic and treatment pitfalls in glossopharyngeal neuralgia: evidence from a case series.

Hurth H, Roder C, Tatagiba M, Ebner FH

Acta neurochirurgica 2024; (166(1)):415 doi:10.1007/s00701-024-06313-6.

Pregabalin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Wang Z, Naeem I, Oyenola T, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(9)):e70443 doi:10.7759/cureus.70443.

Cranial Nerve IX and X Neurectomy for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Case Report and Operative Video.

Patel B, Pugazenthi S, Dowling J

Neurosurgery practice 2023; (4(3)):e00041 doi:10.1227/neuprac.0000000000000041.

Safety and efficacy of radiofrequency treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

Wu Z, Liu J, Fang Q, et al.

Neurosurgical review 2025; (48(1)):341.

Radiosurgery for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hajikarimloo B, Mohammadzadeh I, Mortezaei A, et al.

World neurosurgery 2025; (202()):124389 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124389.

Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia using the transcondylar fossa approach: long-term follow-up results.

Inoue K, Matsushima T, Maeyama H, et al.

Neurosurgical focus 2025; (59(3)):E20 doi:10.3171/2025.6.FOCUS25424.

Long-term outcomes after microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Joncas CT, Ma K, Tugend M, et al.

Neurosurgical focus 2025; (59(3)):E19 doi:10.3171/2025.6.FOCUS25287.

Microvascular decompression in glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hajikarimloo B, Mohammadzadeh I, Tos SM, et al.

Acta neurologica Belgica 2026; (126(3)):793-807 doi:10.1007/s13760-025-02978-7.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report.

Vargas Cornejo HM, Jiménez Prado CA, Guillén Galarza MF

Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry 2025; (17(12)):e1550-e1553 doi:10.4317/jced.63439.

Evaluation of ultrasound-guided glossopharyngeal nerve block technique: A prospective observational study.

Bansal A, Gautam S, Manogaran R, et al.

Interventional pain medicine 2026; (5(1)):100744 doi:10.1016/j.inpm.2026.100744.

Treatment of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review.

Rohde MA, Viera LGA, Meneses AOS, et al.

Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 2026; (26(3)):e70144 doi:10.1111/papr.70144.

Case Report: Complexities in the Management of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Lessons from a Refractory Case.

Maksymowicz R, Matysek JJ, Lech DM, et al.

Clinical medicine insights. Case reports 2026; (19()):11795476261426065 doi:10.1177/11795476261426065.

Case Report: Isolated lingual pain: a rare and atypical presentation of trigeminal neuralgia successfully treated with microvascular decompression.

Xu Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, et al.

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) 2026; (7()):1780537 doi:10.3389/fpain.2026.1780537.

Neurovascular Compression Syndromes of Cranial Nerves: A Multidisciplinary Guide to Management.

Reilly M, Hashimoto N, Chen K, et al.

Brain sciences 2026; (16(6)) doi:10.3390/brainsci16060569.