Research & Literature

Clinical update on the use of ospemifene in the treatment of severe symptomatic vulvar and vaginal atrophy.

Palacios S, Cancelo MJ

International journal of women's health 2016; (8()):617-626 doi:10.2147/IJWH.S110035.

Science of intracrinology in postmenopausal women.

Labrie F, Bélanger A, Pelletier G, et al.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2017; (24(6)):702-712 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000808.

Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus.

Nair PA

Journal of mid-life health 2017; (8(2)):55-62 doi:10.4103/jmh.JMH_13_17.

Vaginal estrogen in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause and risk of endometrial cancer: an assessment of recent studies provides reassurance.

Pinkerton JV, Kaunitz AM, Manson JE

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2017; (24(12)):1329-1332 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000000996.

WISDOM survey: attitudes and behaviors of physicians toward vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA) treatment in women including those with breast cancer history.

Kingsberg SA, Larkin L, Krychman M, et al.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2019; (26(2)):124-131 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001194.

A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of vaginal estrogen products for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Biehl C, Plotsker O, Mirkin S

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2019; (26(4)):431-453 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001221.

What should guide our patient management of vulvovaginal atrophy?

Shapiro M

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2019; (22(1)):38-43 doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1527306.

The WISDOM survey: toward wiser care of women with vulvovaginal atrophy.

Shifren JL

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2019; (26(2)):115-117 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001281.

Vaginal estrogen use and chronic disease risk in the Nurses' Health Study.

Bhupathiraju SN, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, et al.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2018; (26(6)):603-610 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001284.

Revitalizing research in genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Chang OH, Paraiso MFR

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2019; (220(3)):246.e1-246.e4 doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.12.032.

Physical Therapy Intervention for Women With Dyspareunia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Schvartzman R, Schvartzman L, Ferreira CF, et al.

Journal of sex & marital therapy 2019; (45(5)):378-394 doi:10.1080/0092623X.2018.1549631.

Rethinking the techno vagina: a case series of patient complications following vaginal laser treatment for atrophy.

Gordon C, Gonzales S, Krychman ML

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2019; (26(4)):423-427 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001293.

Efficacy and safety of a non-hormonal intravaginal moisturizer for the treatment of vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction.

Vale F, Rezende C, Raciclan A, et al.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2019; (234()):92-95 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.12.040.

Urogenital Atrophy in 40-75 Years Women Assessed with Different Scoring Systems at Tertiary Care Hospital of India.

Shah M, Khandelwal A, Patel S

Journal of mid-life health 2018; (9(4)):191-194 doi:10.4103/jmh.JMH_15_18.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: in their own words-development of a new patient-reported outcome measure.

Kling JM, Faubion SS

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2019; (26(4)):335-336 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001309.

Women harmed by vaginal laser for treatment of GSM-the latest casualties of fear and confusion surrounding hormone therapy.

Kaunitz AM, Pinkerton JV, Manson JE

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2019; (26(4)):338-340 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001313.

What are the challenges in prescribing pharmacotherapy for female sexual dysfunctions?

Nappi RE, Gardella B

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2019; (20(7)):777-779 doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1582644.

In response to the FDA warning about the use of photomedicine in gynecology.

Escribano JJ, González-Isaza P, Tserotas K, et al.

Lasers in medical science 2019; (34(7)):1509-1511 doi:10.1007/s10103-019-02744-1.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: effects on related factors, quality of life, and self-care power.

Karakoç H, Uçtu AK, Özerdoğan N

Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review 2019; (18(1)):15-22 doi:10.5114/pm.2019.84152.

Managing Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Breast Cancer Survivors Receiving Endocrine Therapy.

Sussman TA, Kruse ML, Thacker HL, Abraham J

Journal of oncology practice 2019; (15(7)):363-370 doi:10.1200/JOP.18.00710.

Addressing Vulvovaginal Atrophy (VVA)/Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) for Healthy Aging in Women.

Nappi RE, Martini E, Cucinella L, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2019; (10()):561 doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00561.

Safety of vaginal estrogens: a systematic review.

Crandall CJ, Diamant A, Santoro N

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2020; (27(3)):339-360 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001468.

Ospemifene: A Novel Oral Therapy for Vulvovaginal Atrophy of Menopause.

Reid RL, Black D, Derzko C, Portman D

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC 2020; (42(3)):301-303 doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2019.10.039.

Vaginal estrogen use for genitourinary symptoms in women with a history of uterine, cervical, or ovarian carcinoma.

Chambers LM, Herrmann A, Michener CM, et al.

International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society 2020; (30(4)):515-524 doi:10.1136/ijgc-2019-001034.

Vaginal Energy-Based Devices.

Alshiek J, Garcia B, Minassian V, et al.

Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery 2020; (26(5)):287-298 doi:10.1097/SPV.0000000000000872.

The Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: An Overview of the Recent Data.

Angelou K, Grigoriadis T, Diakosavvas M, et al.

Cureus 2020; (12(4)):e7586 doi:10.7759/cureus.7586.

The effect of oxytocin vaginal gel on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

Zohrabi I, Abedi P, Ansari S, et al.

BMC women's health 2020; (20(1)):108 doi:10.1186/s12905-020-00935-5.

Effective Prevention of Recurrent UTIs With Vaginal Estrogen: Pearls for a Urological Approach to Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Buck ES, Lukas VA, Rubin RS

Urology 2021; (151()):31-36 doi:10.1016/j.urology.2020.05.058.

The effect of pathophysiological changes in the vaginal milieu on the signs and symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).

Qi W, Li H, Wang C, et al.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2020; (28(1)):102-108 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000001644.

Feasibility, acceptability and effects of multimodal pelvic floor physical therapy for gynecological cancer survivors suffering from painful sexual intercourse: A multicenter prospective interventional study.

Cyr MP, Dumoulin C, Bessette P, et al.

Gynecologic oncology 2020; (159(3)):778-784 doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.09.001.

Physical methods for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A systematic review.

Sarmento ACA, Lírio JF, Medeiros KS, et al.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2021; (153(2)):200-219 doi:10.1002/ijgo.13561.

Topical estrogens and non-hormonal preparations for postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy: An EMAS clinical guide.

Hirschberg AL, Bitzer J, Cano A, et al.

Maturitas 2021; (148()):55-61 doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.04.005.

Clinical manifestations and evaluation of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy.

Pérez-López FR, Vieira-Baptista P, Phillips N, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2021; (37(8)):740-745 doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1931100.

Evaluation and Management of Vaginitis.

Marnach ML, Wygant JN, Casey PM

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2022; (97(2)):347-358 doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.022.

The Impact of Local Estrogen on the Urogenital Microbiome in Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Lillemon JN, Karstens L, Nardos R, et al.

Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery 2022; (28(6)):e157-e162 doi:10.1097/SPV.0000000000001170.

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Valadares ALR, Kulak Junior J, Paiva LHSDC, et al.

Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia 2022; (44(3)):319-324 doi:10.1055/s-0042-1748463.

Laser treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: Scientific Impact Paper No. 72 (July 2022): Scientific Impact Paper No. 72 (July 2022).

Phillips C, Hillard T, Salvatore S, et al.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2022; (129(12)):e89-e94 doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17195.

Clinical Consensus Statement: Vaginal Energy-Based Devices.

Alshiek J, Garcia B, Minassian V, et al.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2022; (28(10)):633-648 doi:10.1097/SPV.0000000000001241.

A randomized trial on the effectiveness and safety of 5 water-based personal lubricants.

Palacios S, Hood S, Abakah-Phillips T, et al.

The journal of sexual medicine 2023; (20(4)):498-506 doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdad005.

The vagina as source and target of androgens: implications for treatment of GSM/VVA, including DHEA.

Cipriani S, Maseroli E, Ravelli SA, Vignozzi L

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2023; (26(4)):309-315 doi:10.1080/13697137.2023.2213827.

Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide laser therapy compared with sham for genitourinary syndrome of menopause management: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Gunawan YW, Erlina Y

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2023; (30(9)):980-987 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002220.

Modern approach to the management of genitourinary syndrome in women with gynecological malignancies.

Kovacevic N, Cilensek I, Merlo S, Segedin B

Radiology and oncology 2023; (57(3)):292-298 doi:10.2478/raon-2023-0038.

Safety of Vaginal Estrogen Therapy for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Women With a History of Breast Cancer.

Agrawal P, Singh SM, Able C, et al.

Obstetrics and gynecology 2023; (142(3)):660-668 doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005294.

A phase 1/2, open-label, parallel group study to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and usability DARE-HRT1 (80 μg estradiol/4 mg progesterone and 160 μg estradiol/8 mg progesterone intravaginal RinGSM) over 12 weeks in healthy postmenopausal women.

Thurman A, Hull ML, Stuckey B, et al.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2023; (30(9)):940-946 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002230.

Vaginal Estrogen Therapy Use and Survival in Females With Breast Cancer.

McVicker L, Labeit AM, Coupland CAC, et al.

JAMA oncology 2024; (10(1)):103-108 doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.4508.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Genitourinary Symptoms Associated With Menopause.

Christmas M, Huguenin A, Iyer S

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology 2024; (67(1)):101-114 doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000833.

CO2 Laser versus Sham Control for the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Prodromidou A, Zacharakis D, Athanasiou S, et al.

Journal of personalized medicine 2023; (13(12)) doi:10.3390/jpm13121694.

Advances in the pathogenesis of vulvar lichen sclerosus.

Xie X, Wu K

Molecular biology reports 2024; (51(1)):396 doi:10.1007/s11033-024-09318-7.

Prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled study on the effectiveness and safety of a hyaluronic acid water-based vaginal lubricant in alleviating vaginal dryness and dyspareunia.

Sánchez-Prieto M, Pingarrón C, Bergamaschi L, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2024; (40(1)):2317268 doi:10.1080/09513590.2024.2317268.

Change in microbiota profile after vaginal estriol cream in postmenopausal women with stress incontinence.

Moore KH, Ognenovska S, Chua XY, et al.

Frontiers in microbiology 2024; (15()):1302819 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1302819.

Are clinics not affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner more likely to offer guideline-nonconcordant treatment compared to clinics affiliated with a Menopause Society Certified Practitioner?

Marino JM, Stanley EE, Ahrendt H, Pope R

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) 2024; (31(9)):764-768 doi:10.1097/GME.0000000000002392.

Assessment and Treatment of Vaginitis.

Mitchell CM

Obstetrics and gynecology 2024; (144(6)):765-781 doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000005673.

Hormonal Treatments and Vaginal Moisturizers for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause : A Systematic Review.

Danan ER, Sowerby C, Ullman KE, et al.

Annals of internal medicine 2024; (177(10)):1400-1414 doi:10.7326/ANNALS-24-00610.

Efficacy and safety of an ultra-low-dose 0.005 % estriol vaginal gel in the prevention of urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Muiños Fernández N, Martínez Salamanca JI, Pardo González de Quevedo JI, et al.

Maturitas 2024; (190()):108128 doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.108128.

Vaginal estrogen use in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recurrence and mortality risks.

Beste ME, Kaunitz AM, McKinney JA, Sanchez-Ramos L

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 2025; (232(3)):262-270.e1 doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2024.10.054.

Update on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Scoping Review of a Tailored Treatment-Based Approach.

Cuccu I, Golia D'Augè T, Firulli I, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (14(11)) doi:10.3390/life14111504.

How to help patients navigate genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Trischuk T, Visentin J, Morissette R

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien 2024; (70(11-12)):710-714 doi:10.46747/cfp.701112710.

Expert Opinion on the Use of Probiotics in General Gynecological Conditions.

Patki A, Pandit S, Ashraf N, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(3)):e80875 doi:10.7759/cureus.80875.

An open, single center, clinical investigation to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a non-hormonal vaginal moisturizer for the symptomatic treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal woman.

Sánchez-Prieto M, Mendoza N, Chedraui P, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2025; (41(1)):2500480 doi:10.1080/09513590.2025.2500480.

Enhancing quality of life: addressing vulvovaginal atrophy and urinary tract symptoms.

Hirschberg AL

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2025; (28(4)):400-407 doi:10.1080/13697137.2025.2514029.

Efficacy of CO2 laser vs vaginal estrogen in perimenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nasr AM, Saad MA, Mohamed AS, et al.

The journal of sexual medicine 2025; (22(8)):1409-1421 doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf153.

The Enablers and Barriers to Accessing Women's Health and Wellbeing Services for Women Aged 40-65 Years: A Qualitative Study.

Simmons K, Hyde J, Harmanci D, et al.

Community health equity research & policy 2026; (46(4)):413-431 doi:10.1177/2752535X251358919.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM): recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024).

Simon JA, Nappi RE, Chedraui P, et al.

Sexual medicine reviews 2026; (14(1)) doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf055.

Effect of zinc-containing pessaries on menopausal genitourinary syndrome, a double-blind randomised trial.

Mousa A, Elgarhi I, Ibrahim B, et al.

BMC women's health 2025; (25(1)):467 doi:10.1186/s12905-025-04037-y.

Biostimulation with polynucleotide cream during adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

Lavitola G, Foreste V, Borrelli D, et al.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2025; (315()):114754 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2025.114754.

Microablative and non-ablative laser and radiofrequency treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A randomised controlled trial with four different energies.

Slongo H, Henriques DCP, Ongaratto APN, et al.

Maturitas 2025; (202()):108737 doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108737.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy-Risks, Benefits and Emerging Options: A Narrative Review.

Arnautu AM, Nimigean VR, Nacea-Radu CA, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2025; (26(22)) doi:10.3390/ijms262211098.

Vaginal Estrogen Utilization Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause.

Gallo K, Zhang CA, Burton C, et al.

JAMA network open 2025; (8(12)):e2549822 doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.49822.

Underdiagnosed and overmedicated: Investigating the management of urinary tract infection and vaginal estrogen use in a large cohort of postmenopausal women.

Nahum R, Machtinger R, Oberman B, et al.

Maturitas 2025; (205()):108806 doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2025.108806.

Treating Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Postmenopausal Women with a History of Breast Cancer.

Ferguson D, Pederson H, Kling JM

Drugs & aging 2026; (43(3)):211-221 doi:10.1007/s40266-026-01287-9.

Histological study to assess CO2 laser therapy for the treatment of vaginal atrophy.

Antono AC, Kopkin R, Karram M, et al.

European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology 2026; (323()):115210 doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115210.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause in women with cancer - a narrative review.

Ryan HM, Brennan DJ

Maturitas 2026; (211()):109004 doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109004.

Efficacy and Safety of Energy-Based Device Therapy in Women Diagnosed with Vaginal Relaxation Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Chen H, Meng J, Li Q, et al.

International urogynecology journal 2026; doi:10.1007/s00192-026-06700-w.