Research & Literature

PSYCHOMETRIC HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY SCORE FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN ROMANIAN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS--PARTIAL RESULTS.

Badea MA, Prelipcean CC, Mihai C, et al.

Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi 2015; (119(2)):368-73.

Qualifying and quantifying minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Morgan MY, Amodio P, Cook NA, et al.

Metabolic brain disease 2016; (31(6)):1217-1229 doi:10.1007/s11011-015-9726-5.

The impact on hospital resource utilisation of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin-α.

Orr JG, Currie CJ, Berni E, et al.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver 2016; (36(9)):1295-303 doi:10.1111/liv.13111.

Sarcopenia Is Risk Factor for Development of Hepatic Encephalopathy After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement.

Nardelli S, Lattanzi B, Torrisi S, et al.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2017; (15(6)):934-936 doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.028.

L-ornithine L-aspartate in bouts of overt hepatic encephalopathy.

Sidhu SS, Sharma BC, Goyal O, et al.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2018; (67(2)):700-710 doi:10.1002/hep.29410.

Solving doubts about L-ornithine L-aspartate for overt hepatic encephalopathy: Whom and how to treat.

Amodio P, Ampuero J

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2018; (67(2)):476-478 doi:10.1002/hep.29530.

[Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy].

Sivolap YP

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2017; (117(10)):144-147 doi:10.17116/jnevro2017117101144-147.

Combined diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to predict neurological outcome before transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

Rudler M, Weiss N, Perlbarg V, et al.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2018; (48(8)):863-874 doi:10.1111/apt.14938.

Long-term management of hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose and/or rifaximin: a review of the evidence.

Hudson M, Schuchmann M

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2019; (31(4)):434-450 doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000001311.

Radiological Intervention for Shunt Related Encephalopathy.

Nardelli S, Gioia S, Ridola L, Riggio O

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology 2018; (8(4)):452-459 doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.008.

Combination of rifaximin and lactulose improves clinical efficacy and mortality in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.

Wang Z, Chu P, Wang W

Drug design, development and therapy 2019; (13()):1-11 doi:10.2147/DDDT.S172324.

Early-Recurrent Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Is Associated with Reduced Survival in Cirrhotic Patients after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation.

Zuo L, Lv Y, Wang Q, et al.

Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR 2019; (30(2)):148-153.e2 doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2018.08.023.

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Definition, Clinical Grading and Diagnostic Principles.

Weissenborn K

Drugs 2019; (79(Suppl 1)):5-9 doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1018-z.

L-Ornithine L-Aspartate (LOLA) for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis: Novel Insights and Translation to the Clinic.

Butterworth RF

Drugs 2019; (79(Suppl 1)):1-3 doi:10.1007/s40265-018-1021-4.

Utility of the EncephalApp Stroop Test for covert hepatic encephalopathy screening in Chinese cirrhotic patients.

Zeng X, Li XX, Shi PM, et al.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2019; (34(10)):1843-1850 doi:10.1111/jgh.14656.

Managing encephalopathy in the outpatient setting.

Rathi S, Dhiman RK

Clinical liver disease 2016; (8(6)):150-155 doi:10.1002/cld.590.

Rifaximin reduces the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, variceal bleeding and all-cause admissions in patients on the liver transplant waiting list.

Salehi S, Tranah TH, Lim S, et al.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2019; (50(4)):435-441 doi:10.1111/apt.15326.

Variability and Lability of Ammonia Levels in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Cirrhosis: Implications for Trial Design and Clinical Practice.

Bajaj JS, Bloom PP, Chung RT, et al.

The American journal of gastroenterology 2020; (115(5)):783-785 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000384.

Propofol pump controls nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a hepatic encephalopathy patient: A case report.

Hor S, Chen CY, Tsai ST

World journal of clinical cases 2019; (7(18)):2831-2837 doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2831.

Ammonia Levels Do Not Guide Clinical Management of Patients With Hepatic Encephalopathy Caused by Cirrhosis.

Haj M, Rockey DC

The American journal of gastroenterology 2020; (115(5)):723-728 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000343.

Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Population-Based Cohort of Americans With Cirrhosis.

Tapper EB, Henderson JB, Parikh ND, et al.

Hepatology communications 2019; (3(11)):1510-1519 doi:10.1002/hep4.1425.

Low-Value Levels: Ammonia Testing Does Not Improve the Outcomes of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Tapper EB, Rahimi RS

The American journal of gastroenterology 2020; (115(5)):685-686 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000000454.

Prediction of overt hepatic encephalopathy by the continuous reaction time method and the portosystemic encephalopathy syndrome test in clinically mentally unimpaired patients with cirrhosis.

Wernberg CW, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, Vilstrup H, M Lauridsen M

PloS one 2019; (14(12)):e0226283 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226283.

Laboratory Abnormalities of Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Karanfilian BV, Cheung M, Dellatore P, et al.

Clinics in liver disease 2020; (24(2)):197-208 doi:10.1016/j.cld.2020.01.011.

Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Karanfilian BV, Park T, Senatore F, Rustgi VK

Clinics in liver disease 2020; (24(2)):209-218 doi:10.1016/j.cld.2020.01.012.

Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis treated with current standards of care.

Bohra A, Worland T, Hui S, et al.

World journal of gastroenterology 2020; (26(18)):2221-2231 doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i18.2221.

Transportation and handling of blood samples prior to ammonia measurement in the real life of a large university hospital.

Imbert-Bismut F, Payet PE, Alfaisal J, et al.

Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2020; (510()):522-530 doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.048.

Overt hepatic encephalopathy: management and prevention of recurrence.

Sweeney E, Richardson P

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) 2020; (29(Sup17)):S14-S17 doi:10.12968/bjon.2020.29.Sup17.S14.

Complications and Mortality in Hospitalised Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis of Liver in a Tertiary Care Centre in Nepal.

Bhattarai S

Cureus 2020; (12(8)):e9996 doi:10.7759/cureus.9996.

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Diagnosis and Management.

Ridola L, Faccioli J, Nardelli S, et al.

Journal of translational internal medicine 2020; (8(4)):210-219 doi:10.2478/jtim-2020-0034.

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

Kobayashi Z

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2021; (60(21)):3515 doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.7059-21.

Impact of Hepatic Encephalopathy on Clinical Characteristics and Adverse Outcomes in Prospective and Multicenter Cohorts of Patients With Acute-on-Chronic Liver Diseases.

Long L, Li H, Deng G, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2021; (8()):709884 doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.709884.

Microbiome therapeutics for hepatic encephalopathy.

Bloom PP, Tapper EB, Young VB, Lok AS

Journal of hepatology 2021; (75(6)):1452-1464 doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2021.08.004.

Psychometric methods for diagnosing and monitoring minimal hepatic encephalopathy -current validation level and practical use.

Hansen MKG, Kjærgaard K, Eriksen LL, et al.

Metabolic brain disease 2022; (37(3)):589-605 doi:10.1007/s11011-022-00913-w.

Serum Ammonia in Cirrhosis: Clinical Impact of Hyperammonemia, Utility of Testing, and National Testing Trends.

Deutsch-Link S, Moon AM, Jiang Y, et al.

Clinical therapeutics 2022; (44(3)):e45-e57 doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.01.008.

Tracheobronchial aspiration affects the outcome of hospitalization among Hepatic Encephalopathy patients.

Rafiq Q, Zeeshan M, Mustafa G, Irfan M

Pakistan journal of medical sciences 2022; (38(4Part-II)):928-932 doi:10.12669/pjms.38.4.5114.

Newly Diagnosed Hepatic Encephalopathy Presenting as Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Olivero M, Gagliardi D, Costamagna G, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2022; (13()):880068 doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.880068.

Serum ammonia use: unnecessary, frequent and costly.

Aby E, Olson APJ, Lim N

Frontline gastroenterology 2022; (13(4)):275-279 doi:10.1136/flgastro-2021-101837.

The Ongoing Debate of Serum Ammonia Levels in Cirrhosis: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.

Deutsch-Link S, Moon AM

The American journal of gastroenterology 2023; (118(1)):10-13 doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001966.

Why zolpidem increases the risk of falls and fractures in patients with cirrhosis.

Weersink RA, Drenth JPH, Borgsteede SD

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology 2022; (4(12)):100528 doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100528.

Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Chand PK, Panda U, Mahadevan J, Murthy P

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology 2022; (12(6)):1527-1534 doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2022.03.003.

Systematic review with meta-analysis: Branched-chain amino acid supplementation in liver disease.

van Dijk AM, Bruins Slot AS, Portincasa P, et al.

European journal of clinical investigation 2023; (53(3)):e13909 doi:10.1111/eci.13909.

Post-transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Hepatic Encephalopathy: Sarcopenia Adds Insult to Injury.

Bhatia Kapoor P, Benjamin J, Tripathi H, et al.

The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 2023; (34(4)):406-412 doi:10.5152/tjg.2023.21964.

Inpatient Hepatology Consultation: A Practical Approach for Clinicians.

Díaz LA, Pages J, Mainardi V, Mendizabal M

The Medical clinics of North America 2023; (107(3)):555-565 doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2023.01.006.

Contributory roles of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in development of overt hepatic encephalopathy and mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

Yin L, Chu SL, Lv WF, et al.

World journal of gastroenterology 2023; (29(18)):2875-2887 doi:10.3748/wjg.v29.i18.2875.

Animal naming test is a simple and valid tool for detecting covert hepatic encephalopathy and predicting outcomes in Chinese-speaking regions: a preliminary study.

Huang CH, Yu TY, Tseng WJ, et al.

Annals of medicine 2023; (55(1)):2236013 doi:10.1080/07853890.2023.2236013.

The Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy from Ward to Domiciliary Care: Current Evidence and Gray Areas.

Bellafante D, Gioia S, Faccioli J, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2023; (13(1)) doi:10.3390/jcm13010166.

Key Insights and Clinical Pearls in the Identification and Management of Cirrhosis and Its Complications.

Flamm SL

The American journal of medicine 2024; (137(10)):929-938 doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.05.015.

Investigation of Post-Transplant Mental Well-Being in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Saritaş S, Tarlaci S, Bulbuloglu S, Guneş H

Journal of clinical medicine 2024; (13(11)) doi:10.3390/jcm13113249.

Detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis based on the Stroop-CN model (NCRCID-CHESS 2106): a prospective multicenter study.

Li X, Liu S, Guo Y, et al.

MedComm 2024; (5(8)):e627 doi:10.1002/mco2.627.

Research status and hotspots in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CiteSpace bibliometric analysis.

Que ZL, Wu MS, Lai SJ, et al.

World journal of gastrointestinal surgery 2024; (16(9)):2996-3007 doi:10.4240/wjgs.v16.i9.2996.

[Chinese guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis (2024)].

Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology 2024; (32(9)):799-812 doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240630-00309.

Oral LPCN 1148 improves sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy in male patients with cirrhosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Bruno BJ, Weavil JC, Ogle J, et al.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2025; (81(6)):1764-1775 doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000001146.

Role of astrocytes and microglia in hepatic encephalopathy associated with advanced chronic liver disease: lessons from animal studies.

Claeys W, Geerts A, Van Hoecke L, et al.

Neural regeneration research 2025; (20(12)):3461-3475 doi:10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00600.

Contribution of extracellular vesicles to neuroinflammation and cognitive and motor deficits in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy.

Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Felipo V

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids 2024; (5(1)):37-43 doi:10.20517/evcna.2023.66.

Attenuating hyperammonemia preserves protein synthesis and muscle mass via restoration of perturbed metabolic pathways in bile duct-ligated rats.

Bosoi CR, Kumar A, Oliveira MM, et al.

Metabolic brain disease 2025; (40(1)):110 doi:10.1007/s11011-024-01525-2.

Acute encephalopathy without hyperammonemia has a different presentation than overt HE and displays a similarly severe prognosis.

Desplats V, Haudebourg L, Verger N, et al.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2025; (82(6)):1480-1497 doi:10.1097/HEP.0000000000001252.

The Utility of Psoas Muscle Index for the Detection of Sarcopenia and its Association with Severity of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis: Western India Perspective.

Pandya KJ, Pathak JM, Judal HP, Patel AM

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2025; (73(1)):e1-e7 doi:10.59556/japi.73.0809.

Real-World Setting of Efficacy and Safety of 3 Years of Rifaximin Administration in Japanese Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Kawaratani H, Namisaki T, Kondo Y, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(4)) doi:10.3390/jcm14041358.

Multiple Concomitant Precipitating Factors of Hepatic Encephalopathy Are Associated With a Poor Prognosis in Patients With Cirrhosis Admitted to Intensive Care Unit.

Rudler M, de Matharel M, Bouzbib C, et al.

United European gastroenterology journal 2025; (13(5)):738-749 doi:10.1002/ueg2.12706.

Hepatic Encephalopathy: Current Thoughts on Pathophysiology and Management.

Sen BK, Pan K, Chakravarty A

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2025; (25(1)):28 doi:10.1007/s11910-025-01415-9.

Microbial Approaches to Treat and Prevent Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Munk Lauridsen M, Jonasson E, Bajaj JS

Gastroenterology clinics of North America 2025; (54(2)):429-451 doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2024.12.006.

Complications of Liver Disease.

Lidbury JA

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice 2025; (55(4)):559-577 doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.03.008.

Lactulose, Rifaximin, and Survival in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Cohort Study of 120 Patients.

Alexandrescu L, Tofolean IT, Aftenie C, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(20)) doi:10.3390/jcm14207331.

Overt hepatic encephalopathy after elective and preemptive TIPS: Risk factors and prognosis.

Rudler M, Bouzbib C, Sultanik P, et al.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology 2025; (7(11)):101548 doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101548.

Management of Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Vongsavath T, Manne V, Sakae C, Saab S

Digestive diseases and sciences 2026; (71(5)):1686-1693 doi:10.1007/s10620-025-09591-x.

Factors Associated With Progression, Resolution and Mortality of Patients With Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Ballester MP, Bhattacharya A, Aguilar F, et al.

Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology 2026; (16(1)):103410 doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2025.103410.

Alterations in Oral Cecal Transit Time and Small Intestinal Microbiota in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy With Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth.

Cao L, Meng Y, Huang Y, et al.

Clinical and translational gastroenterology 2026; (17(5)):e01012 doi:10.14309/ctg.0000000000001012.

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Colmer SF, Timko KJ, Samuels AN

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice 2026; (42(2)):379-396 doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2026.04.011.