Research & Literature

Validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the HIV Dementia Scale in the assessment of cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected patients.

Janssen MA, Bosch M, Koopmans PP, Kessels RP

Journal of neurovirology 2015; (21(4)):383-90 doi:10.1007/s13365-015-0324-4.

Cognitive impairment in patients with AIDS - prevalence and severity.

Watkins CC, Treisman GJ

HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) 2015; (7()):35-47 doi:10.2147/HIV.S39665.

Evaluation of a Cognitive Rehabilitation Protocol in HIV Patients with Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Efficacy and Stability Over Time.

Livelli A, Orofino GC, Calcagno A, et al.

Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 2015; (9()):306 doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00306.

Prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Sacktor N, Skolasky RL, Seaberg E, et al.

Neurology 2016; (86(4)):334-40 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002277.

Determinants of reduced cognitive performance in HIV-1-infected middle-aged men on combination antiretroviral therapy.

Schouten J, Su T, Wit FW, et al.

AIDS (London, England) 2016; (30(7)):1027-38 doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001017.

A Comparison of Five Brief Screening Tools for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in the USA and South Africa.

Joska JA, Witten J, Thomas KG, et al.

AIDS and behavior 2016; (20(8)):1621-31 doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1316-y.

HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders and Central Nervous System Opportunistic Infections in HIV.

Le LT, Spudich SS

Seminars in neurology 2016; (36(4)):373-81 doi:10.1055/s-0036-1585454.

Treating HIV Infection in the Central Nervous System.

Calcagno A, Di Perri G, Bonora S

Drugs 2017; (77(2)):145-157 doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0678-9.

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Plant Extracts and Plant Secondary Metabolites on Chronic Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Aging: A Mechanistic and Empirical Review.

Kure C, Timmer J, Stough C

Frontiers in pharmacology 2017; (8()):117 doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00117.

Impairments of Motor Function While Multitasking in HIV.

Kronemer SI, Mandel JA, Sacktor NC, Marvel CL

Frontiers in human neuroscience 2017; (11()):212 doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00212.

The Presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders Is Associated With a Lower Adherence to Combined Antiretroviral Treatment.

Kamal S, Locatelli I, Wandeler G, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2017; (4(2)):ofx070 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofx070.

Changing clinical phenotypes of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Sacktor N

Journal of neurovirology 2018; (24(2)):141-145 doi:10.1007/s13365-017-0556-6.

Self-Reported Decline in Everyday Function, Cognitive Symptoms, and Cognitive Function in People With HIV.

Laverick R, Haddow L, Daskalopoulou M, et al.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2017; (76(3)):e74-e83 doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001468.

Mechanisms of CNS Viral Seeding by HIV+ CD14+ CD16+ Monocytes: Establishment and Reseeding of Viral Reservoirs Contributing to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Veenstra M, León-Rivera R, Li M, et al.

mBio 2017; (8(5)) doi:10.1128/mBio.01280-17.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) is not a reliable screening tool for cognitive decline in HIV patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in rural South Africa.

Hakkers CS, Beunders AJM, Ensing MHM, et al.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 2018; (67()):36-40 doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2017.11.024.

Can computerized cognitive training reverse the diagnosis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder? A research protocol.

Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Azuero A, et al.

Research in nursing & health 2018; (41(1)):11-18 doi:10.1002/nur.21841.

Discordant CSF/plasma HIV-1 RNA in individuals on virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy in Western India.

Dravid AN, Natrajan K, Kulkarni MM, et al.

Medicine 2018; (97(8)):e9969 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009969.

Utility of Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a Screening Tool for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) In Multi-Ethnic Malaysia.

Mukherjee T, Sakthivel R, Fong HY, et al.

AIDS and behavior 2018; (22(10)):3226-3233 doi:10.1007/s10461-018-2073-x.

Neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Sillman B, Woldstad C, Mcmillan J, Gendelman HE

Handbook of clinical neurology 2018; (152()):21-40 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00003-7.

Global developments in HIV neurology.

Wright EJ, Thakur KT, Bearden D, Birbeck GL

Handbook of clinical neurology 2018; (152()):265-287 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00019-0.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

Smail RC, Brew BJ

Handbook of clinical neurology 2018; (152()):75-97 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63849-6.00007-4.

"I'm Just Forgetting and I Don't Know Why": Exploring How People Living With HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder View, Manage, and Obtain Support for Their Cognitive Difficulties.

Terpstra AR, Worthington C, Ibáñez-Carrasco F, et al.

Qualitative health research 2018; (28(6)):859-872 doi:10.1177/1049732318761364.

Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Saylor D

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2018; (24(5, Neuroinfectious Disease)):1397-1421 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000647.

HIV-Related Stigma Affects Cognition in Older Men Living With HIV.

Lam A, Mayo NE, Scott S, et al.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2019; (80(2)):198-204 doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001898.

Sex differences in HIV-associated cognitive impairment.

Sundermann EE, Heaton RK, Pasipanodya E, et al.

AIDS (London, England) 2018; (32(18)):2719-2726 doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002012.

Conceptualizing and Assessing Everyday Functioning in the Context of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Kordovski VM, Tierney SM, Woods SP

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences 2021; (50()):329-346 doi:10.1007/7854_2018_78.

Effect of HIV Subtype and Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder Stage in Rakai, Uganda.

Sacktor N, Saylor D, Nakigozi G, et al.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2019; (81(2)):216-223 doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001992.

Aging, comorbidities, and the importance of finding biomarkers for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

Rosenthal J, Tyor W

Journal of neurovirology 2019; (25(5)):673-685 doi:10.1007/s13365-019-00735-0.

Development of a neurocognitive test battery for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) screening: suggested solutions for resource-limited clinical settings.

Chan LG, Ho MJ, Lin YC, et al.

AIDS research and therapy 2019; (16(1)):9 doi:10.1186/s12981-019-0224-4.

Optimal treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: myths and reality. A critical review.

Bougea A, Spantideas N, Galanis P, et al.

Therapeutic advances in infectious disease 2019; (6()):2049936119838228 doi:10.1177/2049936119838228.

Cross-Sectional and Cumulative Longitudinal Central Nervous System Penetration Effectiveness Scores Are Not Associated With Neurocognitive Impairment in a Well Treated Aging Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Population in Switzerland.

Santos GMA, Locatelli I, Métral M, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2019; (6(7)):ofz277 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz277.

Beneficial and Adverse Effects of cART Affect Neurocognitive Function in HIV-1 Infection: Balancing Viral Suppression against Neuronal Stress and Injury.

Yuan NY, Kaul M

Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology 2021; (16(1)):90-112 doi:10.1007/s11481-019-09868-9.

CNS Neurotoxicity of Antiretrovirals.

Lanman T, Letendre S, Ma Q, et al.

Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology 2021; (16(1)):130-143 doi:10.1007/s11481-019-09886-7.

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Impacts on the Pathophysiology and Phenotype of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.

Moulignier A, Costagliola D

Current topics in behavioral neurosciences 2021; (50()):367-399 doi:10.1007/7854_2019_123.

Advance care planning for people living with dementia: An umbrella review of effectiveness and experiences.

Wendrich-van Dael A, Bunn F, Lynch J, et al.

International journal of nursing studies 2020; (107()):103576 doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103576.

Neurocognitive impairment in treatment-experienced adults living with HIV attending primary care clinics in Zimbabwe.

Nyamayaro P, Gouse H, Hakim J, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2020; (20(1)):383 doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05090-8.

Two treatment strategies for management of Neurosymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape in Pune, India.

Dravid AN, Gawali R, Betha TP, et al.

Medicine 2020; (99(24)):e20516 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000020516.

Dual antiretroviral therapies are effective and safe regimens in the central nervous system of neurologically symptomatic people living with HIV.

Trunfio M, Rugge W, Mighetto L, et al.

AIDS (London, England) 2020; (34(13)):1899-1906 doi:10.1097/QAD.0000000000002601.

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and HIV-associated myelopathy in a patient with a preserved CD4, but high viral load-a rarely reported phenomenon: a case report and literature review.

Ayele BA, Amogne W, Gemechu L

BMC infectious diseases 2020; (20(1)):574 doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05297-9.

Global prevalence and burden of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: A meta-analysis.

Wang Y, Liu M, Lu Q, et al.

Neurology 2020; (95(19)):e2610-e2621 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000010752.

HIV, Vascular Risk Factors, and Cognition in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

McIntosh EC, Tureson K, Rotblatt LJ, et al.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS 2021; (27(4)):365-381 doi:10.1017/S1355617720001022.

Improvement of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders after antiretroviral therapy intensification: the Neuro+3 study.

Force G, Ghout I, Ropers J, et al.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2021; (76(3)):743-752 doi:10.1093/jac/dkaa473.

The Prevalence of Frascati-Criteria-Based HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) in HIV-Infected Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Wei J, Hou J, Su B, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2020; (11()):581346 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.581346.

Evaluation of a Training Toolkit to Improve Clinicians' Skills for Dementia Advance Care Planning.

Kistler CE, Beeber AS, Winzelberg GS, et al.

Journal of palliative medicine 2021; (24(8)):1183-1190 doi:10.1089/jpm.2020.0638.

Validity of Digital Assessments in Screening for HIV-Related Cognitive Impairment: a Review.

Wilson S, Milanini B, Javandel S, et al.

Current HIV/AIDS reports 2021; (18(6)):581-592 doi:10.1007/s11904-021-00585-8.

Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in HIV: an Integrative Review.

Vance DE, Del Bene VA, Frank JS, et al.

Neuropsychology review 2022; (32(4)):855-876 doi:10.1007/s11065-021-09528-x.

Making the Informal Formal: Discussing and Completing Advance Care Plans in Care Dyads with Cognitive Impairment.

Shepherd-Banigan M, Ford CB, DePasquale N, et al.

Journal of palliative care 2022; (37(3)):289-297 doi:10.1177/08258597211063047.

Impact of HIV on Cognitive Performance in Professional Drivers.

Gouse H, Masson CJ, Henry M, et al.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2022; (89(5)):527-536 doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000002899.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with mediastinal teratoma: a case report.

Wang W, Yang H, Piao Y, et al.

BMC neurology 2022; (22(1)):40 doi:10.1186/s12883-022-02563-y.

Impact of HIV-associated cognitive impairment on functional independence, frailty and quality of life in the modern era: a meta-analysis.

Nweke M, Mshunqane N, Govender N, et al.

Scientific reports 2022; (12(1)):6470 doi:10.1038/s41598-022-10474-8.

Effects of aerobic exercise on quality of life of people with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder on antiretroviral therapy: a randomised controlled trial.

Nweke M, Mshunqane N, Govender N, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2022; (22(1)):419 doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07389-0.

Triple Burden of Neurocognitive Impairment and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Among People Living With HIV in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Study.

Tareke M, Belete T, Ergetie T, et al.

Frontiers in psychiatry 2022; (13()):732229 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.732229.

Aerobic exercise for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in individuals on antiretroviral therapy: A randomised controlled trial.

Nweke M, Nombeko M, Govender N, et al.

Clinical rehabilitation 2022; (36(12)):1601-1612 doi:10.1177/02692155221114587.

The effect of antiretroviral therapy with high central nervous system penetration on HIV-related cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Webb AJ, Borrelli EP, Vyas A, et al.

AIDS care 2023; (35(11)):1635-1646 doi:10.1080/09540121.2022.2098231.

One for all, all for one: neuro-HIV multidisciplinary platform for the assessment and management of neurocognitive complaints in people living with HIV.

Damas J, Darling KEA, Bidlingmeyer P, et al.

HIV medicine 2023; (24(6)):738-748 doi:10.1111/hiv.13472.

Cognitive screening considerations for psychosocial clinical trials in HIV, aging, and cognition.

Eaton AD, Chan Carusone S, Murzin K, et al.

Clinical trials (London, England) 2023; (20(2)):176-180 doi:10.1177/17407745221136970.

Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Escape in Patients With Neurocognitive Symptoms: Pooled Data From a Neuro-HIV Platform and the NAMACO Study.

Filippidis P, Damas J, Viala B, et al.

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2023; (93(3)):219-228 doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000003189.

Two-year clinical trial examining the effects of speed of processing training on everyday functioning in adults with human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and borderline HAND in the U.S. Deep South: Findings of the Think Fast Study.

Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Azuero A, et al.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2025; (32(3)):747-760 doi:10.1080/23279095.2023.2209900.

The comorbidity of depression and neurocognitive disorder in persons with HIV infection: call for investigation and treatment.

Goodkin K, Evering TH, Anderson AM, et al.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 2023; (17()):1130938 doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1130938.

Epileptic seizures associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients in Korea.

Kim HK, Kang JY, Lee SY

Journal of neurovirology 2023; (29(3)):325-330 doi:10.1007/s13365-023-01136-0.

CSF Inflammation Markers Associated with Asymptomatic Viral Escape in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV-Positive Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Guha D, Misra V, Yin J, Gabuzda D

Viruses 2023; (15(9)) doi:10.3390/v15091829.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Symptom Management in Older Individuals with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.

Moskowitz JT, Sharma B, Javandel S, et al.

AIDS and behavior 2024; (28(6)):1811-1821 doi:10.1007/s10461-024-04295-1.

Multimodal Approach to Neurocognitive Function in People Living with HIV in the cART Era: A Comprehensive Review.

Moschopoulos CD, Stanitsa E, Protopapas K, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2024; (14(4)) doi:10.3390/life14040508.

Neuropsychological tests associated with symptomatic HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in a cohort of older adults in Tanzania.

Fotheringham L, Lawson RA, Urasa S, et al.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS 2024; (30(7)):660-670 doi:10.1017/S1355617724000201.

A systematic review on advance care planning for people living with HIV: insights from the studies of persons without HIV.

Meyer S, Yoo-Jeong M

AIDS care 2024; 1-14 doi:10.1080/09540121.2024.2361822.

A 2-Year, Randomized, Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training on Quality-of-Life Indicators in Adults With HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder in Birmingham, Alabama: Results of the Think Fast Study.

Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Azuero A, et al.

The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC 2024; (35(2)):104-121 doi:10.1097/JNC.0000000000000449.

Managing cognitive impairment in people with HIV.

Alford K, O'Brien C, Banerjee S, et al.

Current opinion in infectious diseases 2025; (38(1)):1-9 doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000001078.

HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape: Interventions for the Management, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Kelly SH, Nightingale S, Gupta RK, Collier DA

Tropical medicine and infectious disease 2025; (10(2)) doi:10.3390/tropicalmed10020045.

Neuropathogenesis of acute HIV: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.

Jia FF, Brew BJ

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS 2025; (20(3)):199-208 doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000923.

Brain health in HIV: pathogenesis, classification, and treatment.

Holroyd KB, Winston A, Nightingale S

Current opinion in neurology 2025; (38(4)):373-379 doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000001390.

Ethical and Clinical Considerations in the Workup of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Decline.

Davis K, Grant KG, Sousou JM, Ilechukwu S

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e97348 doi:10.7759/cureus.97348.

Multidimensional factors influencing the completion of advance directives among community-dwelling older Koreans.

Ji HJ, Jang SN

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2025; (55(4)):543-556 doi:10.4040/jkan.25098.

Revisiting the Intracranial Neurological Imaging Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Pictorial Review with a Pattern-Based Approach.

Mehra S, Verma D, Bansal L

The Indian journal of radiology & imaging 2026; (36(2)):274-282 doi:10.1055/s-0045-1811238.

Multi-level experiences of HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV: an institution-based qualitative study.

Kandel D, Khatiwada K, Sharma S, et al.

BMC public health 2026; (26(1)).

Uncovering gaps in HIV care in belgium through patient reported outcome measures and neurocognitive screening.

Vanden Bulcke C, Delesie L, Degroote S, et al.

Discover mental health 2026; (6(1)).

The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.

Dave RS, Oludipe AA, Pasipanodya EC, et al.

PLoS pathogens 2026; (22(7)):e1014446 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1014446.

HIV-1 Tat and gp120 as key drivers of neurodegeneration in the central nervous system.

Cecchetto R, Diani E, Lotti V, et al.

Frontiers in microbiology 2026; (17()):1895162 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1895162.