Research & Literature

European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the use of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society.

Lauria G, Hsieh ST, Johansson O, et al.

European journal of neurology 2010; (17(7)):903-12, e44-9 doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03023.x.

Objective evidence that small-fiber polyneuropathy underlies some illnesses currently labeled as fibromyalgia.

Oaklander AL, Herzog ZD, Downs HM, Klein MM

Pain 2013; (154(11)):2310-2316 doi:10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.001.

Quantitative sensory testing in pain management.

Roldan CJ, Abdi S

Pain management 2015; (5(6)):483-91 doi:10.2217/pmt.15.37.

Immunotherapy Prospects for Painful Small-fiber Sensory Neuropathies and Ganglionopathies.

Oaklander AL

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics 2016; (13(1)):108-17 doi:10.1007/s13311-015-0395-1.

Diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy: A comparative study of five neurophysiological tests.

Lefaucheur JP, Wahab A, Planté-Bordeneuve V, et al.

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology 2015; (45(6)):445-55.

Quantitative sensory testing (QST). English version.

Mücke M, Cuhls H, Radbruch L, et al.

Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) 2021; (35(Suppl 3)):153-160 doi:10.1007/s00482-015-0093-2.

Small fiber neuropathy: Getting bigger!

Chan AC, Wilder-Smith EP

Muscle & nerve 2016; (53(5)):671-82 doi:10.1002/mus.25082.

Longitudinal Assessment of Small Fiber Neuropathy: Evidence of a Non-Length-Dependent Distal Axonopathy.

Khoshnoodi MA, Truelove S, Burakgazi A, et al.

JAMA neurology 2016; (73(6)):684-90 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0057.

Localization of 1-deoxysphingolipids to mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction.

Alecu I, Tedeschi A, Behler N, et al.

Journal of lipid research 2017; (58(1)):42-59 doi:10.1194/jlr.M068676.

Small fiber neuropathy: a disabling and underrecognized syndrome.

Voortman M, Fritz D, Vogels OJM, et al.

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2017; (23(5)):447-457 doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000413.

Quantitative and qualitative normative dataset for intraepidermal nerve fibers using skin biopsy.

Collongues N, Samama B, Schmidt-Mutter C, et al.

PloS one 2018; (13(1)):e0191614 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191614.

The role of skin biopsy in differentiating small-fiber neuropathy from ganglionopathy.

Provitera V, Gibbons CH, Wendelschafer-Crabb G, et al.

European journal of neurology 2018; (25(6)):848-853 doi:10.1111/ene.13608.

Fibromyalgia and small fiber neuropathy: the plot thickens!

Martínez-Lavín M

Clinical rheumatology 2018; (37(12)):3167-3171 doi:10.1007/s10067-018-4300-2.

Small-fiber neuropathy: Expanding the clinical pain universe.

Sopacua M, Hoeijmakers JGJ, Merkies ISJ, et al.

Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS 2019; (24(1)):19-33 doi:10.1111/jns.12298.

Low concordance between HbA1c and OGTT to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes in overweight or obesity.

Chatzianagnostou K, Vigna L, Di Piazza S, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2019; (91(3)):411-416 doi:10.1111/cen.14043.

Reversible cutaneous silent period abnormalities in vitamin B12 deficiency: A case report.

Fava E, Kofler M, Saltuari L

Clinical neurophysiology practice 2019; (4()):128-132 doi:10.1016/j.cnp.2019.05.002.

Longitudinal follow-up of biopsy-proven small fiber neuropathy.

MacDonald S, Sharma TL, Li J, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2019; (60(4)):376-381 doi:10.1002/mus.26648.

Pain and small-fiber affection in hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP).

Dukefoss TT, Kleggetveit IP, Helås T, Jørum E

Scandinavian journal of pain 2019; (20(1)):61-68 doi:10.1515/sjpain-2019-0090.

Functional and histological improvements of small nerve neuropathy after high-concentration capsaicin patch application: A case study.

Trouvin AP, Perrot S

Pain reports 2019; (4(4)):e761 doi:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000761.

Cryptogenic small-fiber neuropathies: Serum autoantibody binding to trisulfated heparan disaccharide and fibroblast growth factor receptor-3.

Levine TD, Kafaie J, Zeidman LA, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2020; (61(4)):512-515 doi:10.1002/mus.26748.

C-Fiber Assays in the Cornea vs. Skin.

Moulton EA, Borsook D

Brain sciences 2019; (9(11)) doi:10.3390/brainsci9110320.

Current Diagnosis and Treatment of Painful Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Farhad K

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2019; (19(12)):103 doi:10.1007/s11910-019-1020-1.

Small fiber neuropathy in Sjögren syndrome: Comparison with other small fiber neuropathies.

Descamps E, Henry J, Labeyrie C, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2020; (61(4)):515-520 doi:10.1002/mus.26824.

Prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and small fiber neuropathy.

Thaisetthawatkul P, Lyden E, Americo Fernandes J, Herrmann DN

Muscle & nerve 2020; (61(4)):475-479 doi:10.1002/mus.26825.

Assessment of cutaneous axon-reflex responses to evaluate functional integrity of autonomic small nerve fibers.

Hijazi MM, Buchmann SJ, Sedghi A, et al.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2020; (41(7)):1685-1696 doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04293-w.

Which Method for Diagnosing Small Fiber Neuropathy?

Fabry V, Gerdelat A, Acket B, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2020; (11()):342 doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00342.

Advances in the Management of Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Zeidman LA

Neurologic clinics 2021; (39(1)):113-131 doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2020.09.006.

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Geerts M, de Greef BTA, Sopacua M, et al.

Neurology 2021; (96(20)):e2534-e2545 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000011919.

Small Fiber Neuropathy in the Elderly.

Zhou L

Clinics in geriatric medicine 2021; (37(2)):279-288 doi:10.1016/j.cger.2021.01.002.

Clinical Features and Treatment Response in Immune-Mediated Small Fiber Neuropathy with Trisulfated Heparin Disaccharide or Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Antibodies.

Zeidman LA, Kubicki K

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 2021; (22(4)):192-199 doi:10.1097/CND.0000000000000355.

Non-length-dependent small fiber neuropathy: Not a matter of stockings and gloves.

Gemignani F, Bellanova MF, Saccani E, Pavesi G

Muscle & nerve 2022; (65(1)):10-28 doi:10.1002/mus.27379.

Reader Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Song P, Xu X

Neurology 2021; (97(16)):791-792 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012711.

Reader Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Gemignani F

Neurology 2021; (97(16)):793 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012709.

Author Response: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients With Painful Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Geerts M, de Greef BTA, Sopacua M, et al.

Neurology 2021; (97(16)):794-795 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012714.

Small Fiber Neuropathy Incidence, Prevalence, Longitudinal Impairments, and Disability.

Johnson SA, Shouman K, Shelly S, et al.

Neurology 2021; (97(22)):e2236-e2247 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000012894.

Deoxy-sphingolipids, oxidative stress, and vitamin C correlate with qualitative and quantitative patterns of small fiber dysfunction and degeneration.

Dohrn MF, Dumke C, Hornemann T, et al.

Pain 2022; (163(9)):1800-1811 doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002580.

Small Fiber Neuropathy in Sarcoidosis.

Gavrilova N, Starshinova A, Zinchenko Y, et al.

Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology 2021; (28(4)):544-550 doi:10.3390/pathophysiology28040035.

Peripheral neuropathy in sarcoidosis.

Tavee J

Journal of neuroimmunology 2022; (368()):577864 doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577864.

Immune-Mediated Small Fiber Neuropathy With Trisulfated Heparin Disaccharide, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3, or Plexin D1 Antibodies: Presentation and Treatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin.

Zeidman LA, Saini P, Mai P

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 2022; (24(1)):26-37 doi:10.1097/CND.0000000000000423.

Skin Biopsy and Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Testing in Patients With Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Zhang R, Mayuga K, Shields R, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(11)):e31021 doi:10.7759/cureus.31021.

A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of immunoglobulin for small fiber neuropathy associated with TS-HDS and FGFR-3 autoantibodies.

Gibbons CH, Rajan S, Senechal K, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2023; (67(5)):363-370 doi:10.1002/mus.27745.

Living with small fiber neuropathy: insights from qualitative focus group interviews.

Damci A, Hoeijmakers JGJ, de Jong J, et al.

The Journal of international medical research 2022; (50(11)):3000605221132463 doi:10.1177/03000605221132463.

Technical aspects and current clinical applications of the skin and skeletal muscle biopsy in neurological diagnostics: an overview.

Dziewulska D, Kierdaszuk B, Gogol P

Folia neuropathologica 2022; (60(3)):277-283 doi:10.5114/fn.2022.119980.

Reply to "Intravenous saline may not be a placebo in patients with small fiber neuropathy".

Gibbons CH, Rajan S, Senechal K, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2023; (67(6)):E26-E27 doi:10.1002/mus.27827.

Investigation of small fiber neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus by corneal confocal microscopy.

Kaplan H, Yüzbaşıoğlu S, Vural G, Gümüşyayla Ş

Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology 2024; (54(4)):102955 doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2024.102955.

Gastrointestinal manifestations seen in pediatric patients diagnosed with small fiber neuropathy.

Nabar S, Fernandez J, Prakash V, Safder S

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2024; (78(3)):583-591 doi:10.1002/jpn3.12099.

Small fiber neuropathy in children, adolescents, and young adults with chronic orthostatic intolerance and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A retrospective study.

Moak JP, Ramwell CB, Gordish-Dressman H, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2024; (253()):103163 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103163.

Reliable Method for Estimating Nerve Fiber Density in Epidermis Using Routine Histopathologic Tissue Preparation: A Promising Diagnostic Tool for Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Aspegren O, Pourhamidi K

Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM 2024; (32(5)):215-221 doi:10.1097/PAI.0000000000001193.

Correlates and Predictors of Symptom Severity Over Time in People Under Investigation for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome.

Knoop I, Jones ASK, Gall N, et al.

Psychosomatic medicine 2024; (86(9)):800-809 doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000001346.

The Evolving Landscape of Small Fiber Neuropathy.

Devigili G, Lombardi R, Lauria G, Cazzato D

Seminars in neurology 2025; (45(1)):132-144 doi:10.1055/s-0044-1791823.

Assessment of small fiber neuropathy and distal sensory neuropathy in female patients with fibromyalgia.

Min HK, Im S, Park GY, Moon SJ

The Korean journal of internal medicine 2024; (39(6)):989-1000 doi:10.3904/kjim.2024.038.

Orthostatic intolerance with tachycardia (postural tachycardia syndrome) and without (hypocapnic cerebral hypoperfusion) represent a spectrum of the same disorder.

Novak P, Systrom DM, Witte A, Marciano SP

Frontiers in neurology 2024; (15()):1476918 doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1476918.

Small fiber neuropathy.

Kool D, Hoeijmakers JG, Waxman SG, Faber CG

International review of neurobiology 2024; (179()):181-231 doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2024.10.001.

Small-Vessel Vasculitis or Perifolliculitis in Small-Fiber Neuropathy With TS-HDS, FGFR-3, or Plexin D1 Antibodies.

Zeidman LA, Levine T, Cangelosi J

Journal of clinical neuromuscular disease 2024; (26(2)):63-69 doi:10.1097/CND.0000000000000492.

Implications of the use of 1-hour post-load plasma glucose value during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for the diagnosis of dysglycemia among a cohort of high-risk Thai people.

Thewjitcharoen Y, Chatchomchuan W, Wanothayaroj E, et al.

Diabetes research and clinical practice 2025; (222()):112056 doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112056.

Neuropathic Pain in Female Patients With Fibromyalgia: Clinical, Electrodiagnostic, and Genetic Aspects.

Elsawy NA, Hassan M, Ghazala RA, et al.

The Clinical journal of pain 2025; (41(10)) doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000001311.

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Cerebrovascular, Autonomic and Neuropathic Features.

Novak P, Systrom DM, Marciano SP, et al.

American journal of medicine open 2025; (14()):100111 doi:10.1016/j.ajmo.2025.100111.

Very long-chain fatty acids drive 1-deoxySphingolipid toxicity.

Majcher A, Karsai G, Yusifov E, et al.

Nature communications 2025; (16(1)):11650 doi:10.1038/s41467-025-66687-8.

Management of Small Fiber Neuropathy: A Clinical Perspective.

Yaukey J, Kaur D

Muscle & nerve 2026; (73(3)):380-384 doi:10.1002/mus.70086.

Prevalence of Small A-Delta Fiber Neuropathy in Sjögren's Disease: Findings from a Cohort Study.

Chylińska M, Kościńska-Shukla I, Grudzień L, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2025; (26(24)) doi:10.3390/ijms262412013.

Diagnostic and Screening Laboratory Tests in the Assessment of Patients With Small Fiber Neuropathy: An Evidence-Based Review-Report of the American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine Small Fiber Neuropathy Task Force.

Katzberg HD, So Y, Brannagan T, et al.

Muscle & nerve 2026; (73(6)):952-960 doi:10.1002/mus.70119.