Research & Literature

Congenital deficiency of the fibula.

Achterman C, Kalamchi A

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume 1979; (61-B(2)):133-7 doi:10.1302/0301-620X.61B2.438260.

Prevention of recurrence of tibia and ankle deformities after bone lengthening in children with type II fibular hemimelia.

Popkov A, Aranovich A, Popkov D

International orthopaedics 2015; (39(7)):1365-70 doi:10.1007/s00264-015-2752-4.

The Nature of Foot Ray Deficiency in Congenital Fibular Deficiency.

Reyes BA, Birch JG, Hootnick DR, et al.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2017; (37(5)):332-337 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000646.

Clinical Results and Complications of Lower Limb Lengthening for Fibular Hemimelia: A Report of Eight Cases.

Mishima K, Kitoh H, Iwata K, et al.

Medicine 2016; (95(21)):e3787 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003787.

[Modified Pirogoff's amputation].

Kinner B, Roll C

Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie 2016; (28(5)):335-44 doi:10.1007/s00064-016-0452-x.

Surgical reconstruction for fibular hemimelia.

Paley D

Journal of children's orthopaedics 2016; (10(6)):557-583 doi:10.1007/s11832-016-0790-0.

Classification of Cruciate Ligament Dysplasia and the Severity of Congenital Fibular Deficiency.

Walker JL, Milbrandt TA, Iwinski HJ, Talwalkar VR

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2019; (39(3)):136-140 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000910.

Ankle Reconstruction in Fibular Hemimelia: New Approach.

Hefny H, Elmoatasem EM, Mahran M, et al.

HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery 2017; (13(2)):178-185 doi:10.1007/s11420-016-9524-6.

A comparison of functional outcome between amputation and extension prosthesis in the treatment of congenital absence of the fibula with severe limb deformity.

Calder P, Shaw S, Roberts A, et al.

Journal of children's orthopaedics 2017; (11(4)):318-325 doi:10.1302/1863-2548.11.160264.

Syme Amputation: A Systematic Review.

Braaksma R, Dijkstra PU, Geertzen JHB

Foot & ankle international 2018; (39(3)):284-291 doi:10.1177/1071100717745313.

Spinal dysraphism and dislocated hip: Beware of anomalous sciatic nerve through Ilium, a case report.

Whitaker AT, Kasser J, Kim YJ

Medicine 2018; (97(12)):e9770 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009770.

Constant inhibition in congenital lower extremity shortening: does it begin in utero?

Tsai A, Laor T, Estroff JA, Kasser JR

Pediatric radiology 2018; (48(10)):1451-1462 doi:10.1007/s00247-018-4153-5.

Changes in the Practice of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons Over the Past Decade: Analysis of the Database of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery.

Hosseinzadeh P, DeVries CA, Nielsen E, et al.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2018; (38(8)):e486-e489 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001214.

Timing of Epiphysiodesis to Correct Leg-Length Discrepancy: A Comparison of Prediction Methods.

Makarov MR, Jackson TJ, Smith CM, et al.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2018; (100(14)):1217-1222 doi:10.2106/JBJS.17.01380.

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament agenesis.

Benassi AB, Guerreiro JPF, de Oliveira Queiroz A, et al.

Journal of surgical case reports 2018; (2018(8)):rjy216 doi:10.1093/jscr/rjy216.

Lower-extremity growth patterns and skeletal maturation in children with unilateral fibular hemimelia.

Tsai A, Kleinman PK, Laor T, Kasser JR

Pediatric radiology 2019; (49(1)):122-127 doi:10.1007/s00247-018-4263-0.

Upper extremity anomalies in children with femoral and fibular deficiency.

Walker JL, White HD, Jacobs CA, Riley SA

Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B 2020; (29(4)):399-402 doi:10.1097/BPB.0000000000000629.

Postaxial hypoplasia of the lower extremity (fibular hemimelia) presenting in a young adult male.

Özdemir M, Kavak RP, Dinç E

Radiology case reports 2019; (14(8)):1027-1030 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2019.05.035.

Amputation Versus Staged Reconstruction for Severe Fibular Hemimelia: Assessment of Psychosocial and Quality-of-Life Status and Physical Functioning in Childhood.

Birch JG, Paley D, Herzenberg JE, et al.

JB & JS open access 2019; (4(2)):e0053 doi:10.2106/JBJS.OA.18.00053.

Long-term results and comparison of the Green-Anderson and multiplier growth prediction methods after permanent epiphysiodesis using Canale's technique.

Burger K, Farr S, Hahne J, et al.

Journal of children's orthopaedics 2019; (13(4)):423-430 doi:10.1302/1863-2548.13.190024.

Use of Paley Classification and SUPERankle Procedure in the Management of Fibular Hemimelia.

Kulkarni RM, Arora N, Saxena S, et al.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2019; (39(9)):e708-e717 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001012.

Congenital fibular dystrophisms conform to embryonic arterial dysgenesis.

Hootnick DR

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2020; (303(11)):2792-2800 doi:10.1002/ar.24348.

Correction of Genu Valgum in Patients With Congenital Fibular Deficiency.

Westberry DE, Carpenter AM, Prodoehl J

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2020; (40(7)):367-372 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001543.

Modifications of the pirogoff amputation technique in adults: A retrospective analysis of 123 cases.

Andronic O, Boeni T, Burkhard MD, et al.

Journal of orthopaedics 2020; (18()):5-12 doi:10.1016/j.jor.2019.10.008.

Syme Amputation: Function, Satisfaction, and Prostheses.

Morrison SG, Thomson P, Lenze U, Donnan LT

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2020; (40(6)):e532-e536 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001430.

Embryology of the lower limb demonstrates that congenital absent fibula is a radiologic misnomer.

Hootnick DR, Levinsohn EM

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) 2022; (305(1)):8-17 doi:10.1002/ar.24628.

Lengthening Reconstruction Surgery for Fibular Hemimelia: A Review.

Fuller CB, Shannon CE, Paley D

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2021; (8(6)) doi:10.3390/children8060467.

Comparison of Outcomes by Reconstructive Strategy in Patients with Prostheses for Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency.

Floccari LV, Jeans KA, Herring JA, et al.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2021; (103(19)):1817-1825 doi:10.2106/JBJS.20.02001.

Terminal Syme Amputation of the Great Toe in the Pediatric Population.

Gibson TW, Westberry DE, Carpenter AM, et al.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2021; (41(9)):e823-e827 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000001952.

Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency/Congenital Femoral Deficiency: Evaluation and Management.

Nossov SB, Hollin IL, Phillips J, Franklin CC

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2022; (30(13)):e899-e910 doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-01186.

Lower-Limb Amputation in Children and Adolescents-A Rare Encounter with Unique and Special Challenges.

Horsch A, Gleichauf S, Lehner B, et al.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2022; (9(7)) doi:10.3390/children9071004.

Case Volume Benchmarks During Residency and Fellowship Training for Pediatric Orthopedic Surgeons.

Silvestre J, Flynn JM, Thompson TL, Oetgen ME

Cureus 2022; (14(12)):e32738 doi:10.7759/cureus.32738.

Fibular hemimelia and risk of patellar dislocations: A case series.

Isaacs-Itua A, Sedki I

Prosthetics and orthotics international 2023; (47(1)):107-111 doi:10.1097/PXR.0000000000000154.

Unsuccessful Osteochondral Allograft Cap to Prevent Overgrowth in a Pediatric Patient with Previous Transtibial Amputation: A Case Report.

Pluta NA, Harrington CJ, Smith DG, Gantsoudes GD

JBJS case connector 2023; (13(2)) doi:10.2106/JBJS.CC.22.00650.

Effects of high-profile crossover feet on gait biomechanics in 2 individuals with Syme amputation.

Slater C, Hafner BJ, Morgan SJ

Prosthetics and orthotics international 2024; (48(5)):510-518 doi:10.1097/PXR.0000000000000295.

Motorized Internal Limb-Lengthening (MILL) Techniques Are Superior to Alternative Limb-Lengthening Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature.

Sheridan GA, Falk DP, Fragomen AT, Rozbruch SR

JB & JS open access 2020; (5(4)) doi:10.2106/JBJS.OA.20.00115.

Bending osteotomy through the distal tibial physis for stable reduction of the ankle joint in fibular hemimelia. Update at skeletal maturity.

Exner GU, Maquieira GJ, Ramseier LE

Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B 2025; (34(1)):14-19 doi:10.1097/BPB.0000000000001144.

Physical Therapy Interventions: A Case Report of Building Strength, Confidence, and Mobility in a Seven-Year-Old With Congenital Femoral Deficiency With Coxa Vara.

Bagga IKB, Raghuveer R, Singh S

Cureus 2024; (16(3)):e55662 doi:10.7759/cureus.55662.

Fibular hemimelia: reconstruction of difficult cases with tibial lengthening and ankle arthrodesis.

Yadav SS

International orthopaedics 2024; (48(8)):2073-2081 doi:10.1007/s00264-024-06183-8.

Outcomes of Simultaneous Lengthening and ACL Reconstruction in Fibular Hemimelia: A Retrospective Case Series.

Reeves B, Roper B, Salton R, et al.

The Iowa orthopaedic journal 2024; (44(1)):93-98.

Treatment of relapse valgus knee deformity in fibular hemimelia with hemiepiphysiodesis.

Cuoghi AGS, Paccola AMF, Pagotto RF, et al.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B 2025; (34(3)):275-281 doi:10.1097/BPB.0000000000001217.

Correction of Ankle Malalignment in Severe Fibular Hemimelia.

Shadi M, Janusz P, Kotwicki T

Journal of pediatric orthopedics 2025; (45(4)):e366-e377 doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000002876.

Risk Factors for Complications in Reconstructing Congenital Femoral Deficiency.

Shahcheraghi GH, Javid M, Nemati A

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2025; (33(9)):e511-e521 doi:10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00090.

Meta-analysis of complications and functional outcomes in cosmetic limb lengthening.

Bulut H, Altin O, Salduz I, Salduz A

Journal of orthopaedics 2025; (65()):41-45 doi:10.1016/j.jor.2024.12.012.

Multi-Ligament Reconstruction in an Adolescent Female Affected by Congenital Femoral Deficiency and Complete Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament agenesis: A Case Report.

Giusti S, Bocchi MB, De Fenu E, et al.

Clinics and practice 2024; (15(1)) doi:10.3390/clinpract15010001.

Use of Hexapod External Fixation in Limb Lengthening in Patients with Disproportionate Short Stature: A Systematic Review of the Last 20 Years.

Testa G, Marchetti M, Sapienza M, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(4)) doi:10.3390/jcm14041091.

Aesthetic lower limb lengthening techniques: a systematic review of efficacy, complications, and patient satisfaction.

Giorgino R, Cornacchini J, Sillmann YM, et al.

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research 2025; (20(1)):415 doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05808-x.

Understanding maintenance, repair, and replacement of prosthetic limbs using routinely-collected data: a retrospective study over three decades in Cambodia.

Dickinson A, Gates L, Metcalf C, et al.

Journal of global health 2025; (15()):04135 doi:10.7189/jogh.15.04135.

French experience in the management of fibular hemimelia: Radiographic and functional outcomes.

Couvreur A, Cordonnier T, Bard T, et al.

Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research : OTSR 2025; (111(5)):104309 doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2025.104309.

Bilateral Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear or Congenital Absence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament? - A Case Report.

Sahu A, Sharma H, Asthana M, et al.

Journal of orthopaedic case reports 2025; (15(8)):82-86 doi:10.13107/jocr.2025.v15.i08.5892.

Limb lengthening: slower distraction rates may expedite patient joint recovery.

Tang H, Heydemann JA, McHorse KJ, et al.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2025; (139(6)):1649-1654 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00623.2025.

Foot and Ankle Deformities in Fibular Hemimelia: Narrative Review.

AlShayhan F

Orthopedic reviews 2026; (18()):159358 doi:10.52965/001c.159358.

Lateral malleolus reconstruction for fibular hemimelia as a prevention of foot deformity recurrence following tibial lengthening-A long-term analysis.

Shadi M, Janusz P, Kortus E, Kotwicki T

Journal of children's orthopaedics 2026; 18632521261432859 doi:10.1177/18632521261432859.