Research & Literature

Clinical Features of Imported Loiasis: A Case Series from the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London.

Saito M, Armstrong M, Boadi S, et al.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2015; (93(3)):607-11 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0214.

The relationship between microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic loiasis involving co-infection with Mansonella perstans and clinical symptoms in an exposed population from Gabon.

Bouyou Akotet MK, Owono-Medang M, Mawili-Mboumba DP, et al.

Journal of helminthology 2016; (90(4)):469-75 doi:10.1017/S0022149X15000607.

Loa loa in the vitreous cavity of the eye.

Nayak B, Sinha S, Nayak L

BMJ case reports 2016; (2016()).

Therapeutic apheresis using a mononuclear cell program to lower the microfilaria burden of a 23-year-old African woman with loiasis.

Zhao Y, Alexander B, Bailey JA, et al.

Journal of clinical apheresis 2017; (32(3)):200-202 doi:10.1002/jca.21479.

Anterior Chamber Live Loa loa: Case Report.

Kagmeni G, Cheuteu R, Bilong Y, Wiedemann P

Clinical medicine insights. Case reports 2016; (9()):55-6 doi:10.4137/CCRep.S40012.

Excess mortality associated with loiasis: a retrospective population-based cohort study.

Chesnais CB, Takougang I, Paguélé M, et al.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2017; (17(1)):108-116 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30405-4.

Loa loa vectors Chrysops spp.: perspectives on research, distribution, bionomics, and implications for elimination of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis.

Kelly-Hope L, Paulo R, Thomas B, et al.

Parasites & vectors 2017; (10(1)):172 doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2103-y.

Case Report: Probable Case of Spontaneous Encephalopathy Due to Loiasis and Dramatic Reduction of Loa loa Microfilariaemia with Prolonged Repeated Courses of Albendazole.

Arrey-Agbor DB, Nana-Djeunga HC, Mogoung-Wafo AE, et al.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2018; (99(1)):112-115 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0664.

Removal of adult subconjunctival Loa loa amongst urban dwellers in Nigeria.

Okonkwo ON, Hassan AO, Alarape T, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2018; (12(11)):e0006920 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006920.

Environmental factors associated with the distribution of Loa loa vectors Chrysops spp. in Central and West Africa: seeing the forest for the trees.

Badia-Rius X, Betts H, Molyneux DH, Kelly-Hope LA

Parasites & vectors 2019; (12(1)):72 doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3327-9.

Mouse models of Loa loa.

Pionnier NP, Sjoberg H, Chunda VC, et al.

Nature communications 2019; (10(1)):1429 doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09442-0.

Encephalopathy in a patient with loiasis treated with albendazole: A case report.

Volpicelli L, De Angelis M, Morano A, et al.

Parasitology international 2020; (75()):102006 doi:10.1016/j.parint.2019.102006.

Atypical Clinical Manifestations of Loiasis and Their Relevance for Endemic Populations.

Buell KG, Whittaker C, Chesnais CB, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2019; (6(11)):ofz417 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofz417.

Imported loiasis in France: a retrospective analysis of 167 cases with comparison between sub-Saharan and non sub-Saharan African patients.

Bouchaud O, Matheron S, Loarec A, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2020; (20(1)):63 doi:10.1186/s12879-019-4740-6.

Loa loa filariasis in a tropical savanna area: report of one case in Ouagadougou.

Ouédraogo NA, Korsaga-Somé N, Traoré F, et al.

International journal of dermatology 2020; (59(4)):482-483 doi:10.1111/ijd.14782.

Loiasis in sub-Saharan migrants living in Spain with emphasis of cases from Equatorial Guinea.

Puente S, Ramírez-Olivencia G, Lago M, et al.

Infectious diseases of poverty 2020; (9(1)):16 doi:10.1186/s40249-020-0627-4.

Infection-associated Immune Perturbations Resolve 1 Year Following Treatment for Loa loa.

Herrick JA, Makiya MA, Holland-Thomas N, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021; (72(5)):789-796 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa137.

Performance of two serodiagnostic tests for loiasis in a Non-Endemic area.

Gobbi F, Buonfrate D, Boussinesq M, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2020; (14(5)):e0008187 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008187.

Burden of disease in Gabon caused by loiasis: a cross-sectional survey.

Veletzky L, Hergeth J, Stelzl DR, et al.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2020; (20(11)):1339-1346 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30256-5.

Nonsurgical management of photoaversive ocular and systemic loiasis in Michigan.

Padidam S, Trinh H, Lin X, Boss JD

GMS ophthalmology cases 2020; (10()):Doc22 doi:10.3205/oc000149.

[Loiasis (African eye worm): about a case].

Adam ND, Soumana Y, Saley A, Saley I

The Pan African medical journal 2020; (36()):302 doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.302.25124.

Preliminary comparison between an in-house real-time PCR vs microscopy for the diagnosis of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans.

Formenti F, Tang TT, Tamarozzi F, et al.

Acta tropica 2021; (216()):105838 doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105838.

[Long-lasting souvenir from Cameroon - Persistent, massive hypereosinophilia in amicrofilaremic infection with Loa loa].

Meffert L, Schmitz F, Ziob J

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2021; (146(15)):1005-1008 doi:10.1055/a-1500-6375.

A Case of Possible Loiasis Contracted in Cameroon and Diagnosed in Milan, Italy, and Review of Cases Published in Dermatological Journals.

Lunardon L, Romagnuolo M, Cusini M, Veraldi S

Case reports in dermatology 2021; (13(2)):389-393 doi:10.1159/000513939.

Evaluation of LAMP for the diagnosis of Loa loa infection in dried blood spots compared to PCR-based assays and microscopy.

Ta-Tang TH, Berzosa P, Rubio JM, et al.

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 2022; (116()):e210210 doi:10.1590/0074-02760210210.

Spleen nodules in Loa loa infection: re-emerging knowledge and future perspectives.

Tamarozzi F, Buonfrate D, Ricaboni D, et al.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2022; (22(7)):e197-e206 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00632-0.

The impact of Loa loa microfilaraemia on research subject retention during a whole sporozoite malaria vaccine trial in Equatorial Guinea.

Manock SR, Nsue VU, Olotu A, et al.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2022; (116(8)):745-749 doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac019.

Current perspective of new anti-Wolbachial and direct-acting macrofilaricidal drugs as treatment strategies for human filariasis.

Ehrens A, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP

GMS infectious diseases 2022; (10()):Doc02 doi:10.3205/id000079.

A call for loiasis to be added to the WHO list of neglected tropical diseases.

Jacobsen KH, Andress BC, Bhagwat EA, et al.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2022; (22(10)):e299-e302 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00064-0.

The Human Filaria Loa loa: Update on Diagnostics and Immune Response.

Dieki R, Nsi-Emvo E, Akue JP

Research and reports in tropical medicine 2022; (13()):41-54 doi:10.2147/RRTM.S355104.

Factors associated with the periodicity of Loa loa microfilaremia in the Republic of the Congo.

Campillo JT, Louya F, Bikita P, et al.

Parasites & vectors 2022; (15(1)):417 doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05541-y.

Profile of loiasis infection through clinical and laboratory diagnostics: the importance of biomarkers.

Dieki R, Eyang Assengone ER, Nsi Emvo E, Akue JP

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2023; (117(5)):349-357 doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac116.

Excess Mortality Associated With Loiasis: Confirmation by a New Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted in the Republic of Congo.

Hemilembolo MC, Niama AC, Campillo JT, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2023; (10(3)):ofad103 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad103.

Association between altered cognition and Loa loa microfilaremia: First evidence from a cross-sectional study in a rural area of the Republic of Congo.

Checkouri T, Missamou F, Pion SDS, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023; (17(6)):e0011430 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011430.

Association between blood Loa loa microfilarial density and proteinuria levels in a rural area of the Republic of Congo (the MorLo project): a population-based cross-sectional study.

Campillo JT, Hemilembolo MC, Pion SDS, et al.

The Lancet. Microbe 2023; (4(9)):e704-e710 doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00142-8.

The African eye worm: current understanding of the epidemiology, clinical disease, and treatment of loiasis.

Ramharter M, Butler J, Mombo-Ngoma G, et al.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases 2024; (24(3)):e165-e178 doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00438-3.

Association between arterial stiffness and Loa loa microfilaremia in a rural area of the Republic of Congo: A population-based cross-sectional study (the MorLo project).

Campillo JT, Dupasquier V, Lebredonchel E, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2024; (18(1)):e0011915 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011915.

Imported Loiasis at a Clinical Reference Center in Germany: A Retrospective Case Series.

Nordmann T, Ruge J, Tappe D, Ramharter M

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2024; (111(3)):521-525 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.24-0022.

Clinical and epidemiological features of imported loiasis in Beijing: a report from patients returned from Africa.

Li X, Huang M, Bi K, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2024; (24(1)):714 doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09620-6.

A picture speaks a thousand words: A case of ocular Loa loa.

Abdalla A, Jaafar SD, Abdalla H, et al.

IDCases 2024; (38()):e02088 doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02088.

Variability of Loa loa microfilarial counts in successive blood smears and its potential implication in drug-related serious adverse events.

Lepage TM, Campillo JT, Louya F, et al.

Parasites & vectors 2024; (17(1)):457 doi:10.1186/s13071-024-06494-0.

Incidence of loiasis clinical manifestations in a rural area of the Republic of Congo: Results from a longitudinal prospective study (the MorLo project).

Campillo JT, Pakat-Pambou BM, Sahm B, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2025; (19(2)):e0012868 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012868.

Revisiting the Loa loa microfilaremia thresholds above which serious adverse events may occur with ivermectin treatment.

Boullé C, Pion SD, Gardon J, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2025; (19(3)):e0012957 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012957.

Treatment of loiasis: a review of clinical management recommendations.

Ekoka Mbassi D, Dreeßen R, Zoleko Manego R, et al.

Infectious diseases of poverty 2025; (14(1)):35 doi:10.1186/s40249-025-01300-0.

Antifilarial treatment strategies: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Albadrani MS, Molla A, Elbadawy HM, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2025; (25(1)):712 doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11105-z.

Diagnosis, management and prevention of loiasis: guideline of the German Society for Tropical Medicine, Travel Medicine, and Global Health (DTG).

Ramharter M, Schlabe S, Hübner MP, et al.

Infection 2025; (53(3)):851-872 doi:10.1007/s15010-024-02443-2.

Fortuitous discovery of a microfilaria of the genus Loa loa during a routine blood smear at the Hematology Laboratory of the Mohamed V Military Instruction Hospital in Rabat: a case report.

Labrigui M, Layat H, Bouikhif M, et al.

Access microbiology 2025; (7(5)) doi:10.1099/acmi.0.000895.v3.

Delayed-Onset Loiasis: A Case of Loa loa Infection Diagnosed Six Years Post-exposure.

Root HN, Bueno D, Bathurst N, Wieting M

Cureus 2025; (17(6)):e86135 doi:10.7759/cureus.86135.

Protective efficacy of skin-applied arthropod repellents against Chrysops bites in a Loa loa hyperendemic region in Gabon: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of DEET, icaridin, citriodiol, and IR3535.

Doumba Ndalembouly AG, Boussougou-Sambe ST, Ngossanga B, et al.

Travel medicine and infectious disease 2025; (67()):102899 doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2025.102899.

Disability and quality of life assessment using WHODAS-12 items 2.0 and EQ-5D-5L in a rural area endemic for loiasis in the Republic of Congo: A population-based cross-sectional study (the MorLo project).

Hemilembolo MC, Campillo JT, Dupasquier V, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2025; (19(9)):e0013491 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013491.

Loa loa Encephalopathy Following Treatment With Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Systematic Review.

Davi SD, Nordmann T, Endamne LR, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2025; (12(12)):ofaf700 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaf700.

Ocular filariasis manifesting as an orbital cellulitis and conjunctival nodule: a case report.

Albou J, Chotard G

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2026; 1 doi:10.1080/01676830.2025.2609909.

Assessment of the efficacy and safety of two albendazole regimens for the treatment of hypermicrofilaraemic loiasis in adults in Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon: A phase IIb single-blind randomised controlled trial.

M'Bondoukwé NP, Ndong Akomezoghe L, Moutombi Ditombi BC, et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2026; (20(1)):e0013166 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0013166.