Research & Literature

Membranous nephropathy: a review on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Lai WL, Yeh TH, Chen PM, et al.

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi 2015; (114(2)):102-11.

Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibody Titer Predicts Post-Rituximab Outcome of Membranous Nephropathy.

Ruggenenti P, Debiec H, Ruggiero B, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2015; (26(10)):2545-58 doi:10.1681/ASN.2014070640.

A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Rituximab versus Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (MENTOR).

Fervenza FC, Canetta PA, Barbour SJ, et al.

Nephron 2015; (130(3)):159-68 doi:10.1159/000430849.

Tacrolimus combined with corticosteroids versus Modified Ponticelli regimen in treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: Randomized control trial.

Ramachandran R, Hn HK, Kumar V, et al.

Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 2016; (21(2)):139-46 doi:10.1111/nep.12569.

Anti-PLA2R Antibodies as a Prognostic Factor in PLA2R-Related Membranous Nephropathy.

Timmermans SA, Abdul Hamid MA, Cohen Tervaert JW, et al.

American journal of nephrology 2015; (42(1)):70-7 doi:10.1159/000437236.

Long-term outcomes of persistent disease and relapse in primary membranous nephropathy.

Kanigicherla DA, Short CD, Roberts SA, et al.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2016; (31(12)):2108-2114 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfv435.

Membranous glomerulonephritis: histological and serological features to differentiate cancer-related and non-related forms.

Murtas C, Ghiggeri GM

Journal of nephrology 2016; (29(4)):469-78 doi:10.1007/s40620-016-0268-7.

[The clinical efficacy and safety of modified Ponticelli regimen for treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy].

Xia W, Pei H, Li S, et al.

Zhonghua nei ke za zhi 2016; (55(3)):181-5 doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2016.03.005.

Diagnosis and Management of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults.

Kodner C

American family physician 2016; (93(6)):479-85.

Nephrotic syndrome-induced thromboembolism in adults.

Al-Azzawi HF, Obi OC, Safi J, Song M

International journal of critical illness and injury science 2016; (6(2)):85-8 doi:10.4103/2229-5151.183019.

An Indirect Immunofluorescence Method Facilitates Detection of Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing 7A-Specific Antibodies in Membranous Nephropathy.

Hoxha E, Beck LH, Wiech T, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2017; (28(2)):520-531 doi:10.1681/ASN.2016010050.

Membranous Nephropathy: Quantifying Remission Duration on Outcome.

Cattran DC, Kim ED, Reich H, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2017; (28(3)):995-1003 doi:10.1681/ASN.2015111262.

A Proposal for a Serology-Based Approach to Membranous Nephropathy.

De Vriese AS, Glassock RJ, Nath KA, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2017; (28(2)):421-430 doi:10.1681/ASN.2016070776.

Multicentric Castleman disease of hyaline vascular variant presenting with unusual systemic manifestations: a case report.

Basnayake BMDB, Wazil AWM, Kannangara T, et al.

Journal of medical case reports 2017; (11(1)):135 doi:10.1186/s13256-017-1294-3.

Primary Membranous Nephropathy.

Couser WG

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2017; (12(6)):983-997 doi:10.2215/CJN.11761116.

[Membranous nephropathy: Pathophysiology and natural history].

Seitz-Polski B, Lambeau G, Esnault V

Nephrologie & therapeutique 2017; (13 Suppl 1()):S75-S81 doi:10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.012.

Treatment of membranous nephropathy: time for a paradigm shift.

Ruggenenti P, Fervenza FC, Remuzzi G

Nature reviews. Nephrology 2017; (13(9)):563-579 doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.92.

Two-Year Follow-up Study of Membranous Nephropathy Treated With Tacrolimus and Corticosteroids Versus Cyclical Corticosteroids and Cyclophosphamide.

Ramachandran R, Yadav AK, Kumar V, et al.

Kidney international reports 2017; (2(4)):610-616 doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2017.02.004.

Dyslipidaemia in nephrotic syndrome: mechanisms and treatment.

Agrawal S, Zaritsky JJ, Fornoni A, Smoyer WE

Nature reviews. Nephrology 2018; (14(1)):57-70 doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.155.

An update on clinical significance of use of THSD7A in diagnosing idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of THSD7A in IMN.

Ren S, Wu C, Zhang Y, et al.

Renal failure 2018; (40(1)):306-313 doi:10.1080/0886022X.2018.1456457.

A Cohort Study of Incidences and Risk Factors for Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy.

Zou PM, Li H, Cai JF, et al.

Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih 2018; (33(2)):91-99 doi:10.24920/11809.

Urinary protein and renal prognosis in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan.

Yamaguchi M, Ando M, Katsuno T, et al.

Renal failure 2018; (40(1)):435-441 doi:10.1080/0886022X.2018.1487864.

Recurrent venous thromboembolism in primary membranous nephropathy despite direct Xa inhibitor therapy.

Reynolds ML, Nachman PH, Mooberry MJ, et al.

Journal of nephrology 2019; (32(4)):669-672 doi:10.1007/s40620-018-0552-9.

Reimagining the kidney biopsy in the era of diagnostic biomarkers of glomerular disease.

Rovin BH, Almaani S, Malvar A

Kidney international 2019; (95(2)):265-267 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.016.

NMR and MS urinary metabolic phenotyping in kidney diseases is fit-for-purpose in the presence of a protease inhibitor.

Boulangé CL, Rood IM, Posma JM, et al.

Molecular omics 2019; (15(1)):39-49 doi:10.1039/c8mo00190a.

Primary membranous nephropathy: comprehensive review and historical perspective.

Keri KC, Blumenthal S, Kulkarni V, et al.

Postgraduate medical journal 2019; (95(1119)):23-31 doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135729.

Circulating anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in Greek patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy - a retrospective cohort study.

Provatopoulou S, Kalavrizioti D, Stangou M, et al.

Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne 2019; (57(2)):141-150.

Exostosin 1/Exostosin 2-Associated Membranous Nephropathy.

Sethi S, Madden BJ, Debiec H, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2019; (30(6)):1123-1136 doi:10.1681/ASN.2018080852.

Features of phospholipase A2 receptor and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A in malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy.

Zhang C, Zhang M, Chen D, et al.

Journal of clinical pathology 2019; (72(10)):705-711 doi:10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205852.

Rituximab or Cyclosporine in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy.

Fervenza FC, Appel GB, Barbour SJ, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2019; (381(1)):36-46 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1814427.

A case of membranous nephropathy diagnosed with lupus nephritis 11 years after onset.

Yamada T, Itagaki F, Aratani S, et al.

CEN case reports 2019; (8(4)):301-307 doi:10.1007/s13730-019-00412-5.

Semaphorin 3B-associated membranous nephropathy is a distinct type of disease predominantly present in pediatric patients.

Sethi S, Debiec H, Madden B, et al.

Kidney international 2020; (98(5)):1253-1264 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.05.030.

Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism in a 12-Year-Old Girl with Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome.

Safdar OY, Rajab RH, Alghanemi RG, et al.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2020; (7(6)) doi:10.3390/children7060062.

NELL1 is a target antigen in malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy.

Caza TN, Hassen SI, Dvanajscak Z, et al.

Kidney international 2021; (99(4)):967-976 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.039.

The STARMEN trial indicates that alternating treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide is superior to sequential treatment with tacrolimus and rituximab in primary membranous nephropathy.

Fernández-Juárez G, Rojas-Rivera J, Logt AV, et al.

Kidney international 2021; (99(4)):986-998 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.014.

In Patients with Membranous Lupus Nephritis, Exostosin-Positivity and Exostosin-Negativity Represent Two Different Phenotypes.

Ravindran A, Casal Moura M, Fervenza FC, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2021; (32(3)):695-706 doi:10.1681/ASN.2020081181.

Anti-PLA2R and anti-THSD7A as Diagnostic Serological Markers of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: A Single Centre Study.

Fouad MA, Mahedy AW, Mansour AE, Fouad NA

The Egyptian journal of immunology 2020; (27(2)):1-9.

A conceptual framework linking immunology, pathology, and clinical features in primary membranous nephropathy.

Lerner GB, Virmani S, Henderson JM, et al.

Kidney international 2021; (100(2)):289-300 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.03.028.

Renal outcomes of idiopathic and atypical membranous nephropathy in adult Chinese patients: a single center retrospective cohort study.

Jiang Z, Cai M, Dong B, et al.

BMC nephrology 2021; (22(1)):148 doi:10.1186/s12882-021-02348-4.

Combination of Rituximab, Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide, and Prednisone for Primary Membranous Nephropathy: A Case Series With Extended Follow Up.

Zonozi R, Laliberte K, Huizenga NR, et al.

American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 2021; (78(6)):793-803 doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.04.014.

Sjögren's syndrome complicated with membranous nephropathy, a cause or coincidence?

Chen R, Wang J, Xie Q, et al.

International journal of rheumatic diseases 2021; (24(8)):1086-1094 doi:10.1111/1756-185X.14168.

Prophylactic anticoagulants to prevent venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome-A retrospective observational study.

Welander F, Holmberg H, Dimény E, et al.

PloS one 2021; (16(7)):e0255009 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255009.

Membranous nephropathy.

Ronco P, Beck L, Debiec H, et al.

Nature reviews. Disease primers 2021; (7(1)):69 doi:10.1038/s41572-021-00303-z.

Membranous nephropathy: a single disease or a pattern of injury resulting from different diseases.

Sethi S

Clinical kidney journal 2021; (14(10)):2166-2169 doi:10.1093/ckj/sfab069.

Lipoic acid supplementation associated with neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 (NELL1)-associated membranous nephropathy.

Spain RI, Andeen NK, Gibson PC, et al.

Kidney international 2021; (100(6)):1208-1213 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.010.

Off-Label Use of Rituximab in Patients with Different Types of Nephropathies in a Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

Sans-Pola C, Agustí A, Bosch JÀ, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(21)) doi:10.3390/jcm10214941.

Noninvasive Diagnosis of PLA2R-Associated Membranous Nephropathy: A Validation Study.

Bobart SA, Han H, Tehranian S, et al.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2021; (16(12)):1833-1839 doi:10.2215/CJN.05480421.

The role of PLA2R antibody monitoring: what we know and what we do not know.

Ronco P, Plaisier E, Debiec H

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 2023; (38(4)):826-833 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfab356.

Negative anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody status at three months predicts remission in primary membranous nephropathy.

Stefan G, Stancu S, Zugravu A, et al.

Renal failure 2022; (44(1)):258-268 doi:10.1080/0886022X.2022.2033265.

Prevalence of neural epidermal growth factor-like 1- and exostosin 1/exostosin 2-associated membranous nephropathy: a single-center retrospective study in Japan.

Iwakura T, Ema C, Isobe S, et al.

Scientific reports 2022; (12(1)):2967 doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07037-2.

Clinicopathologic features of non-lupus membranous nephropathy in a pediatric population.

Miller P, Lei L, Charu V, et al.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2022; (37(12)):3127-3137 doi:10.1007/s00467-022-05503-7.

Membranous nephropathy: new pathogenic mechanisms and their clinical implications.

Hoxha E, Reinhard L, Stahl RAK

Nature reviews. Nephrology 2022; (18(7)):466-478 doi:10.1038/s41581-022-00564-1.

Nephrotic Syndrome Complications - New and Old. Part 1.

Busuioc RM, Mircescu G

Maedica 2022; (17(1)):153-168 doi:10.26574/maedica.2022.17.1.153.

Paraneoplastic Glomerular Diseases.

Jeyabalan A, Trivedi M

Advances in chronic kidney disease 2022; (29(2)):116-126.e1 doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2022.02.009.

Some Points for the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Membranous Nephropathy: Is It Clear Enough for Us to Follow?

Li X, Xie X, Zhao Y, et al.

Nephron 2023; (147(3-4)):193-198 doi:10.1159/000525913.

A low rate of end-stage kidney disease in membranous nephropathy: A single centre study over 2 decades.

Storrar J, Gill-Taylor T, Chinnadurai R, et al.

PloS one 2022; (17(10)):e0276053 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0276053.

Membranous nephropathy: Clearer pathology and mechanisms identify potential strategies for treatment.

Chung EYM, Wang YM, Keung K, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2022; (13()):1036249 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036249.

From KDIGO 2012 towards KDIGO 2021 in idiopathic membranous nephropathy guidelines: what has changed over the last 10 years?

Stai S, Lioulios G, Christodoulou M, et al.

Journal of nephrology 2023; (36(2)):551-561 doi:10.1007/s40620-022-01493-9.

Nephrotic syndrome: pathophysiology and consequences.

Ponticelli C, Moroni G

Journal of nephrology 2023; (36(8)):2179-2190 doi:10.1007/s40620-023-01697-7.

Membranous nephropathy.

Dantas M, Silva LBB, Pontes BTM, et al.

Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia 2023; (45(2)):229-243 doi:10.1590/2175-8239-JBN-2023-0046en.

Thromboembolism in nephrotic syndrome: controversies and uncertainties.

Parker K, Ragy O, Hamilton P, et al.

Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis 2023; (7(6)):102162 doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2023.102162.

Malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy: focus on diagnosis and treatment.

Ai S, Yan X, Zhao X, et al.

Journal of nephrology 2023; (36(8)):2355-2363 doi:10.1007/s40620-023-01751-4.

Primary membranous nephropathy in the Italian region of Emilia Romagna: results of a multicenter study with extended follow-up.

Albertazzi V, Fontana F, Giberti S, et al.

Journal of nephrology 2024; (37(2)):471-482 doi:10.1007/s40620-023-01803-9.

How to Choose the Right Treatment for Membranous Nephropathy.

Peritore L, Labbozzetta V, Maressa V, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2023; (59(11)) doi:10.3390/medicina59111997.

Large B-cell Lymphoma-Associated Membranous Nephropathy With Positive PLA2R on Kidney Biopsy.

Al-Khazraji M, Al-Mufti IA, Al-Khazraji Y

Cureus 2023; (15(11)):e48902 doi:10.7759/cureus.48902.

Diagnostic value of renal biopsy in anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody-positive patients with proteinuria in China.

Lu S, Xiao J, Liu D, et al.

Scientific reports 2024; (14(1)):2907 doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53445-x.

Combined Serologic and Genetic Risk Score and Prognostication of Phospholipase A2 receptor-Associated Membranous Nephropathy.

Hu X, Xu J, Wang W, et al.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN 2024; (19(5)):573-582 doi:10.2215/CJN.0000000000000422.

Specific antigens in malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy.

Hu X, Wang G, Cheng H

Frontiers in medicine 2024; (11()):1368457 doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1368457.

Characteristics and Outcomes of NELL1 Membranous Nephropathy in Lipoic Acid Users and Nonusers.

Avasare RS, Clark S, Spain RI, et al.

Kidney international reports 2024; (9(5)):1379-1386 doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2024.02.1401.

Ten tips on immunosuppression in primary membranous nephropathy.

Trujillo H, Caravaca-Fontán F, Praga M

Clinical kidney journal 2024; (17(6)):sfae129 doi:10.1093/ckj/sfae129.

Syphilis and nephrotic syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Shibutani K, Ishikawa K, Kawai F, Mori N

IDCases 2024; (37()):e02016 doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02016.

Membranous Nephropathy: Updates on Management.

Bharati J, Waguespack DR, Beck LH

Advances in kidney disease and health 2024; (31(4)):299-308 doi:10.1053/j.akdh.2024.04.004.

NELL-1 membranous nephropathy due to mercury exposure from fairness cream: Report of two cases.

Jawandhiya P, Gupta A

Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) 2024; (29(12)):996-999 doi:10.1111/nep.14403.

Comparations of efficacy and safety of rituximab, calcineurin inhibitors and cyclophosphamide in primary membranous nephropathy: a single-center retrospective analysis.

Lu L, Cai S, Zhu H, et al.

BMC nephrology 2024; (25(1)):473 doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03912-4.

Treatment of very high risk membranous nephropathy complicated by pulmonary embolism with glucocorticoids and rituximab: Case report.

Khan UF, Sia C, Thamboo TP, et al.

Medicine 2025; (104(2)):e41241 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000041241.

Designing clinical trials for the treatment of membranous nephropathy in the anti-PLA2R era: results of a Nephcure membranous nephropathy workshop.

Prunotto M, Nachman PH, Gillespie BS, et al.

Kidney international 2025; (107(5)):809-815 doi:10.1016/j.kint.2024.09.020.

Drug-Induced Membranous Nephropathy: Piecing Together Clues to Understand Disease Mechanisms.

Avasare RS, Andeen NK, Al-Rabadi LF, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN 2025; (36(8)):1629-1638 doi:10.1681/ASN.0000000719.

Malignancies and glomerulonephritis: when to suspect and when to screen?

Murt A, Berke I, Bruchfeld A, et al.

Clinical kidney journal 2025; (18(5)):sfaf101 doi:10.1093/ckj/sfaf101.

Revealing the Intersection: Scleroderma Renal Crisis Complicating Membranous Nephropathy.

Kazi AU, Kibria SM, Rahman Shipi M, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(5)):e83327 doi:10.7759/cureus.83327.

Antigens in membranous nephropathy: discovery and clinical implications.

Sethi S, Fervenza FC

Nature reviews. Nephrology 2025; (21(10)):653-670 doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00980-z.

Laboratory, Clinical, and Pathohistological Significance of the Outcomes of Patients with Membranous Nephropathy After 10 Year of Follow-Up.

Baralić M, Gajić S, Kostić M, et al.

Life (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (15(8)) doi:10.3390/life15081221.

Electron Microscopy in Renal Biopsy Interpretation: When and Why It Still Matters.

Qasim H, Hayajneh Z, Khattab K, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96311 doi:10.7759/cureus.96311.

Membranous nephropathy in Kimura disease: A case report and literature review on renal biopsy findings.

Murata M, Koga K, Yamaoka S, et al.

Clinical nephrology. Case studies 2025; (13()):96-102 doi:10.5414/CNCS111774.

Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibody Trajectories for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Phospholipase A2 Receptor-Associated Membranous Nephropathy.

Gong S, Chen D, Xu F, et al.

American journal of nephrology 2026; 1-11 doi:10.1159/000550352.

Extracapillary Proliferation Superimposed on Primary Membranous Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report.

El Kaoua O, Hamouche N, Chettati M, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(2)):e103903 doi:10.7759/cureus.103903.

Complementary and alternative medicine-associated membranous nephropathy: a systematic review.

Nguyen MK, Chou A, Ramachandran R, et al.

Journal of nephrology 2026; (39(2)):259-266 doi:10.1093/joneph/aajaf036.

Detection of Exostosin 1 in Lupus Nephritis: Prevalence, Clinico-Pathologic and Renal Outcome Correlations.

Assis LL, Malheiros DMAC, Zanetta DM, Yu L

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (16(11)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics16111591.

Cardiovascular disease and risk management in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Untersulzner C, Gauckler P, Matyjek A, et al.

Kidney research and clinical practice 2026; (45(4)):467-478 doi:10.23876/j.krcp.25.177.

A Clinicopathologic Study of Neural Epidermal Growth Factor-Like 1-Associated Membranous Nephropathy in a Chinese Cohort.

Xu J, Hu X, Zhu Y, et al.

Kidney international reports 2026; (11(8)):106613 doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106613.

Renal Vein Thrombosis: A Narrative Review.

Riva N, Gatt A, Gauci MA, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2026; (16(12)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics16121805.

The need for kidney biopsy in suspected primary membranous nephropathy with typical clinical presentation and positive anti-PLA2R antibodies.

Cheballier MR, Fernández P, Maldonado JP, et al.

Medicina clinica 2026; (166(8)):107511 doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2026.107511.

Contemporary review of primary membranous nephropathy.

Filippone EJ, Farber JL

Frontiers in immunology 2026; (17()):1836347 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1836347.