Research & Literature

Long-term outcome and MGMT as a predictive marker in 24 patients with atypical pituitary adenomas and pituitary carcinomas given treatment with temozolomide.

Bengtsson D, Schrøder HD, Andersen M, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2015; (100(4)):1689-98 doi:10.1210/jc.2014-4350.

Pituitary dysfunction following cranial radiotherapy for adult-onset nonpituitary brain tumours.

Kyriakakis N, Lynch J, Orme SM, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2016; (84(3)):372-9 doi:10.1111/cen.12969.

Secreting Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Pituitary Carcinoma with Cervical Metastasis.

Grandidge C, Hall A, Kitchen N

World neurosurgery 2016; (93()):490.e13-6.

How effective is temozolomide for treating pituitary tumours and when should it be used?

Halevy C, Whitelaw BC

Pituitary 2017; (20(2)):261-266 doi:10.1007/s11102-016-0745-y.

2016 Guidelines for the management of thyroid storm from The Japan Thyroid Association and Japan Endocrine Society (First edition).

Satoh T, Isozaki O, Suzuki A, et al.

Endocrine journal 2016; (63(12)):1025-1064 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ16-0336.

Short-term Preoperative Octreotide for Thyrotropin-secreting Pituitary Adenoma.

Fang HJ, Fu Y, Wu HW, et al.

Chinese medical journal 2017; (130(8)):936-942 doi:10.4103/0366-6999.204098.

Case report: ACTH-secreting pituitary carcinoma metastatic to the liver in a patient with a history of atypical pituitary adenoma and Cushing's disease.

Joehlin-Price AS, Hardesty DA, Arnold CA, et al.

Diagnostic pathology 2017; (12(1)):34 doi:10.1186/s13000-017-0624-5.

Overview of the 2017 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors.

Mete O, Lopes MB

Endocrine pathology 2017; (28(3)):228-243 doi:10.1007/s12022-017-9498-z.

European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas.

Raverot G, Burman P, McCormack A, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2018; (178(1)):G1-G24.

Corticotrophic pituitary carcinoma with cervical metastases: case series and literature review.

Yoo F, Kuan EC, Heaney AP, et al.

Pituitary 2018; (21(3)):290-301 doi:10.1007/s11102-018-0872-8.

High Fear of Disease Occurrence Is Associated With Low Quality of Life in Patients With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: Results From the Dutch MEN1 Study Group.

van Leeuwaarde RS, Pieterman CRC, Bleiker EMA, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2018; (103(6)):2354-2361 doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00259.

Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Carcinoma, Hypopituitarism, and Graves' Disease-Report of a Challenging Case and Literature Review.

Bettencourt-Silva R, Pereira J, Belo S, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2018; (9()):312 doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00312.

An Institutional Experience of Tumor Progression to Pituitary Carcinoma in a 15-Year Cohort of 1055 Consecutive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Alshaikh OM, Asa SL, Mete O, Ezzat S

Endocrine pathology 2019; (30(2)):118-127 doi:10.1007/s12022-019-9568-5.

Sudden Headache and Blindness Due to Pituitary (Adenoma) Infarction: A Case Report.

Dupont G, Lachkar S, Iwanaga J, et al.

Cureus 2019; (11(2)):e4059 doi:10.7759/cureus.4059.

Toward Value Based Health Care in pituitary surgery: application of a comprehensive outcome set in perioperative care.

Lobatto DJ, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, de Vries F, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2019; (181(4)):375-387.

Diagnosis, pathology, and management of TSH-secreting pituitary tumors. A single-center retrospective study of 20 patients from 1981 to 2014.

Căpraru OM, Gaillard C, Vasiljevic A, et al.

Annales d'endocrinologie 2019; (80(4)):216-224 doi:10.1016/j.ando.2019.06.006.

MGMT immunohistochemistry in pituitary tumors: controversies with clinical implications.

Kontogeorgos G, Thodou E, Koutourousiou M, et al.

Pituitary 2019; (22(6)):614-619 doi:10.1007/s11102-019-00993-5.

Surgical management of clinically silent thyrotropin pituitary adenomas: A single center series of 20 patients.

Cyprich J, Donoho DA, Brunswick A, et al.

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia 2020; (71()):70-75 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.10.013.

Multimodal therapy in aggressive pituitary tumors.

Iglesias P, Magallón R, Mitjavila M, et al.

Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion 2020; (67(7)):469-485 doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2019.08.004.

Fertility issues in aggressive pituitary tumors.

Marques JVO, Boguszewski CL

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 2020; (21(2)):225-233 doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09530-y.

Pituitary Dysfunction after Radiation for Anterior Skull Base Malignancies: Incidence and Screening.

VanKoevering KK, Sabetsarvestani K, Sullivan SE, et al.

Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base 2020; (81(1)):75-81 doi:10.1055/s-0039-1679893.

Familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia confounding management of coexistent autoimmune thyroid disease.

Khoo S, Lyons G, Solomon A, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2020; (2020()).

Preoperative and long-term efficacy and safety of lanreotide autogel in patients with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 3 study in Japan.

Shimatsu A, Nakamura A, Takahashi Y, et al.

Endocrine journal 2021; (68(7)):791-805 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ20-0707.

Discordant Uptake Between Diagnostic 68Ga-HA-DOTATATE PET/CT and Posttherapy 177Lu-HA-DOTATATE SPECT/CT in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Huizing DMV, Aalbersberg EA, van der Hiel B, et al.

Clinical nuclear medicine 2021; (46(9)):e475-e477 doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000003618.

ENDOCRINE TUMOURS: Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenoma: a structured review of 535 adult cases.

De Herdt C, Philipse E, De Block C

European journal of endocrinology 2021; (185(2)):R65-R74.

An Update on the Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Inappropriate Secretion of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone.

Ohba K

International journal of molecular sciences 2021; (22(12)) doi:10.3390/ijms22126611.

Central Hyperthyroidism due to Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Microadenoma in an Adolescent Boy: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Bao LH, Duc NM, Chien PC, et al.

Case reports in endocrinology 2021; (2021()):5573231 doi:10.1155/2021/5573231.

Aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: current practices, controversies, and perspectives, on behalf of the EANS skull base section.

Ng S, Messerer M, Engelhardt J, et al.

Acta neurochirurgica 2021; (163(11)):3131-3142 doi:10.1007/s00701-021-04953-6.

Aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.

Raverot G, Ilie MD, Lasolle H, et al.

Nature reviews. Endocrinology 2021; (17(11)):671-684 doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00550-w.

Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Pituitary Tumors.

Asa SL, Mete O, Perry A, Osamura RY

Endocrine pathology 2022; (33(1)):6-26 doi:10.1007/s12022-022-09703-7.

Clinical Management of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Clinical Practice: A Formal Consensus Exercise.

Bartolomei M, Berruti A, Falconi M, et al.

Cancers 2022; (14(10)) doi:10.3390/cancers14102501.

The Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach for Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: Single-Center Experience and Clinical Outcomes of 49 Patients.

Sen HE, Ceylan EC, Atayev S, et al.

World neurosurgery 2022; (167()):e1275-e1283 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.09.027.

Real-life clinical impact of a five-tiered classification of pituitary tumors.

Sahakian N, Appay R, Resseguier N, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2022; (187(6)):893-904 doi:10.1530/EJE-22-0812.

Natural history of pituitary carcinoma with metastasis to the cervical spine: illustrative case.

Gamboa NT, Wilkerson C, Kundu B, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons 2023; (5(3)).

The molecular biology of thyrotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Horiguchi K

Endocrine journal 2023; (70(2)):135-139 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0514.

Aggressive pituitary tumors (PitNETs).

Nishioka H

Endocrine journal 2023; (70(3)):241-248 doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0007.

The World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: a clinico-pathological appraisal.

Villa C, Baussart B, Assié G, et al.

Endocrine-related cancer 2023; (30(8)).

Refractory Pit1 plurihormonal tumours and thyrotroph adenomas.

Nf L, Ai M

Pituitary 2023; (26(2)):182-186 doi:10.1007/s11102-023-01312-9.

Pituitary function at presentation and following therapy in patients with non-functional pituitary macroadenomas: a single centre retrospective cohort study.

Hussein Z, Marcus HJ, Grieve J, et al.

Endocrine 2023; (82(1)):143-151 doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03434-3.

A reference center study in thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: clinicopathological, therapeutic and long-term follow-up outcomes.

Sözen M, Bayrak BY, Selek A, et al.

Endocrine 2023; (82(3)):622-630 doi:10.1007/s12020-023-03480-x.

Efficacy and safety of temozolomide in the treatment of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumours in Spain.

Lamas C, Cámara R, Fajardo C, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2023; (14()):1204206 doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1204206.

An Aggressive Plurihormonal Pituitary Adenoma With Thyrotropin, Growth Hormone, and Prolactin Excess.

Goh Q, Low Y, Abd Rani NHB, Tong C

JCEM case reports 2023; (1(2)):luad016 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luad016.

Approach to the Patient With Raised Thyroid Hormones and Nonsuppressed TSH.

Moran C, Schoenmakers N, Halsall D, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2024; (109(4)):1094-1108 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad681.

Aggressive pituitary tumors and carcinomas: medical treatment beyond temozolomide.

DE Alcubierre D, Carretti AL, Ducray F, et al.

Minerva endocrinology 2024; (49(3)):321-334 doi:10.23736/S2724-6507.23.04058-7.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and Graves' disease - a case report and systematic review.

Khan AA, Ibrahim SI, Ata F, et al.

Thyroid research 2024; (17(1)):3 doi:10.1186/s13044-023-00184-2.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Apoplexy, A True Endocrine Emergency.

Moscona-Nissan A, Sidauy-Adissi J, Hermoso-Mier KX, et al.

Archives of medical research 2024; (55(4)):103001 doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103001.

Intracranial seeding of pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: a case report.

Deng C, Gu L, Sun J, et al.

Gland surgery 2024; (13(6)):1108-1115 doi:10.21037/gs-24-36.

High-Grade Progression, Sarcomatous Transformation, and/or Metastasis of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PitNENs): The UCSF Experience.

Terry M, Nguyen MP, Tang V, et al.

Endocrine pathology 2024; (35(4)):338-348 doi:10.1007/s12022-024-09829-w.

[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].

Astafyeva LI, Kalinin PL, Trunin YY, et al.

Problemy endokrinologii 2024; (70(5)):40-45 doi:10.14341/probl13401.

Quality of life in non-functioning pituitary adenoma: A systematic review.

Castle-Kirszbaum M, McCormack A, Kam J, et al.

Neurosurgical review 2024; (47(1)):867 doi:10.1007/s10143-024-03126-0.

[Prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinomas with intra- and extracranial metastasis: case report and review].

Astafieva LI, Chernov IV, Kobyakov GL, et al.

Zhurnal voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N. N. Burdenko 2025; (89(1)):83-93 doi:10.17116/neiro20258901183.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Aggressive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Lin AL, Rudneva V, Newton A, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2025; (110(11)):3066-3073 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf178.

Revised European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas.

Raverot G, Burman P, Abreu AP, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2025; (192(6)):R45-R78 doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvaf100.

Imaging and clinical course of metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET): A single center case series.

Dagher SA, Alizada S, Al Qudah H, et al.

The neuroradiology journal 2026; (39(2)):222-230 doi:10.1177/19714009251356278.

A Rare Coexistence of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma and Graves Disease.

Oda Y, Amano K, Seki Y, et al.

JCEM case reports 2025; (3(9)):luaf173 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf173.

Investigating fatigue in adults with neuroendocrine neoplasms using a biopsychosocial model.

Peters SW, Wolters PL, Del Rivero J, et al.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer 2025; (33(11)):963 doi:10.1007/s00520-025-09970-0.

Rapid Growth of a Lung Cancer Metastasis to a Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Kawabata T, Nishida Y, Oyama T, et al.

NMC case report journal 2025; (12()):427-433 doi:10.2176/jns-nmc.2024-0227.

Success of 177Lu-DOTATATE therapy in a metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor.

Wolf KI, Lu Z, Hesseltine EA, et al.

Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) 2025; (5(1)):e250073 doi:10.1530/EO-25-0073.

A subtle initial clinical presentation of a TSH-secreting PitNET.

Buè R, Gianola L, Trimboli P

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2025; (2025(4)).

Lugol's solution for preoperative management of a TSH/GH-secreting pituitary adenoma with suboptimal response to octreotide: a case report.

Peng G, Lei X, Leng W, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2025; (16()):1698948 doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1698948.

Coexistence of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone and a Thyroid Stimulating Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma.

Koo TH, Gharib H

AACE endocrinology and diabetes 2026; (13(1)):74-78 doi:10.1016/j.aed.2025.09.015.

Management of endocrine disease: update on the management of pituitary apoplexy.

Biagetti B, Marques P, Ntali G, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2026; (194(2)):R49-R66 doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvag034.

Thyrotroph Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Molecular Pathology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Receptor-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.

Kageyama K, Sato K, Tasso M, Nakada Y

Cancers 2026; (18(5)) doi:10.3390/cancers18050838.

A Case of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Carcinoma With Bone Metastases.

Nagaoka T, Takagawa K, Yokoyama K, Takamura T

JCEM case reports 2026; (4(4)):luaf332 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf332.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)-Secreting Pituitary Tumor Misdiagnosed for 20 Years: Possible Effect of Long-Term Treatment With Thyroid Hormone.

Khthir R

Cureus 2026; (18(4)):e107985 doi:10.7759/cureus.107985.

Cervical vertebral body metastasis from a gonadotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor: illustrative case.

Song C, Lee J, Shin HC, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons 2026; (11(20)).

Thyrotropin/growth hormone co-secreting pituitary adenoma with pancytopenia: a case report.

Liu J, Zhu Y, Wei Y, et al.

Journal of medical case reports 2026; (20(1)).

2026 ETA guideline on interference in immunoassay measurements used in assessment of thyroid function.

Campi I, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Gruson D, et al.

European thyroid journal 2026; (15(4)) doi:10.1530/ETJ-26-0011.

Management of thyroid emergencies: joint consensus statement on management of thyroid storm.

Taylor P, Okosieme O, Effraimidis G, et al.

European thyroid journal 2026; (15(4)) doi:10.1530/ETJ-26-0043.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and the pituitary: safety and efficacy.

Ferraù F, Blanca ES, Costa CP, Cannavò S

Endocrine-related cancer 2026; (33(8)) doi:10.1530/ERC-26-0109.