Research & Literature

Narcolepsy in children: a diagnostic and management approach.

Babiker MO, Prasad M

Pediatric neurology 2015; (52(6)):557-65.

Narcolepsy during Childhood: An Update.

Rocca FL, Pizza F, Ricci E, Plazzi G

Neuropediatrics 2015; (46(3)):181-98 doi:10.1055/s-0035-1550152.

Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of a Short Onset REM Period (SOREMP) during Routine PSG.

Cairns A, Bogan R

Sleep 2015; (38(10)):1575-81 doi:10.5665/sleep.5050.

Car Crashes and Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: A French Study.

Pizza F, Jaussent I, Lopez R, et al.

PloS one 2015; (10(6)):e0129386 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129386.

Sleep-stage transitions during polysomnographic recordings as diagnostic features of type 1 narcolepsy.

Christensen JA, Carrillo O, Leary EB, et al.

Sleep medicine 2015; (16(12)):1558-66.

Treatment paradigms for cataplexy in narcolepsy: past, present, and future.

Swick TJ

Nature and science of sleep 2015; (7()):159-69 doi:10.2147/NSS.S92140.

Hypocretin-1 Levels Associate with Fragmented Sleep in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1.

Alakuijala A, Sarkanen T, Partinen M

Sleep 2016; (39(5)):1047-50 doi:10.5665/sleep.5750.

Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythm in Pediatric Type 1 Narcolepsy.

Filardi M, Pizza F, Bruni O, et al.

Sleep 2016; (39(6)):1241-7 doi:10.5665/sleep.5842.

Diagnostic delay in narcolepsy type 1: combining the patients' and the doctors' perspectives.

Taddei RN, Werth E, Poryazova R, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2016; (25(6)):709-715 doi:10.1111/jsr.12420.

The ICSD-3 and DSM-5 guidelines for diagnosing narcolepsy: clinical relevance and practicality.

Ruoff C, Rye D

Current medical research and opinion 2016; (32(10)):1611-1622 doi:10.1080/03007995.2016.1208643.

[NARCOLEPSY WITH CATAPLEXY: TYPE 1 NARCOLEPSY].

Dauvilliers Y, Lopez R

La Revue du praticien 2016; (66(6)):671-6.

Management of Narcolepsy.

Barateau L, Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y

Current treatment options in neurology 2016; (18(10)):43 doi:10.1007/s11940-016-0429-y.

Safety and efficacy of pitolisant on cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Szakacs Z, Dauvilliers Y, Mikhaylov V, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2017; (16(3)):200-207 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30333-7.

Narcolepsy.

Kornum BR, Knudsen S, Ollila HM, et al.

Nature reviews. Disease primers 2017; (3()):16100 doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.100.

Pharmacological management of narcolepsy with and without cataplexy.

Kallweit U, Bassetti CL

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2017; (18(8)):809-817 doi:10.1080/14656566.2017.1323877.

Cataplexy and Its Mimics: Clinical Recognition and Management.

Pillen S, Pizza F, Dhondt K, et al.

Current treatment options in neurology 2017; (19(6)):23 doi:10.1007/s11940-017-0459-0.

The clinical spectrum of childhood narcolepsy.

Postiglione E, Antelmi E, Pizza F, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2018; (38()):70-85 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.04.003.

Attention impairments and ADHD symptoms in adult narcoleptic patients with and without hypocretin deficiency.

Filardi M, Pizza F, Tonetti L, et al.

PloS one 2017; (12(8)):e0182085 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182085.

Effect of psychostimulants on blood pressure profile and endothelial function in narcolepsy.

Bosco A, Lopez R, Barateau L, et al.

Neurology 2018; (90(6)):e479-e491 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004911.

[Neuropsychological alterations in narcolepsy with cataplexy: a review].

Medrano-Martinez P, Ramos-Platon MJ, Peraita-Adrados R

Revista de neurologia 2018; (66(3)):89-96.

The distinguishing motor features of cataplexy: a study from video-recorded attacks.

Pizza F, Antelmi E, Vandi S, et al.

Sleep 2018; (41(5)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy026.

Decreased body mass index during treatment with sodium oxybate in narcolepsy type 1.

Schinkelshoek MS, Smolders IM, Donjacour CE, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2019; (28(3)):e12684 doi:10.1111/jsr.12684.

Multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2: A 5-year follow-up study.

Huang YS, Guilleminault C, Lin CH, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2018; (27(5)):e12700 doi:10.1111/jsr.12700.

Two cases of childhood narcolepsy mimicking epileptic seizures in video-EEG/EMG.

Yanagishita T, Ito S, Ohtani Y, et al.

Brain & development 2018; (40(10)):939-942 doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2018.05.015.

Treatment of paediatric narcolepsy with sodium oxybate: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised-withdrawal multicentre study and open-label investigation.

Plazzi G, Ruoff C, Lecendreux M, et al.

The Lancet. Child & adolescent health 2018; (2(7)):483-494 doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30133-0.

Cataplexy.

Reading P

Practical neurology 2019; (19(1)):21-27 doi:10.1136/practneurol-2018-002001.

A false alarm of narcolepsy: obstructive sleep apnea masquerading as narcolepsy and depression.

Paudel D, Lin Q, Yan C, et al.

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 2019; (23(3)):873-877 doi:10.1007/s11325-018-1767-7.

A randomized study of solriamfetol for excessive sleepiness in narcolepsy.

Thorpy MJ, Shapiro C, Mayer G, et al.

Annals of neurology 2019; (85(3)):359-370 doi:10.1002/ana.25423.

Narcolepsy treatment: pharmacological and behavioral strategies in adults and children.

Franceschini C, Pizza F, Antelmi E, et al.

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 2020; (24(2)):615-627 doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01894-4.

Clinical neurophysiology of CNS hypersomnias.

Barateau L, Lopez R, Dauvilliers Y

Handbook of clinical neurology 2019; (161()):353-367 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-64142-7.00060-6.

CSF orexin-A levels after rituximab treatment in recent onset narcolepsy type 1.

Wasling P, Malmeström C, Blennow K

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2019; (6(6)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000613.

Recent advances in treatment for narcolepsy.

Barateau L, Dauvilliers Y

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2019; (12()):1756286419875622 doi:10.1177/1756286419875622.

Pitolisant: A Review in Narcolepsy with or without Cataplexy.

Lamb YN

CNS drugs 2020; (34(2)):207-218 doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00703-x.

Update on the pharmacologic management of narcolepsy: mechanisms of action and clinical implications.

Thorpy MJ, Bogan RK

Sleep medicine 2020; (68()):97-109 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.09.001.

Narcolepsy with resolution of cataplexy and persisting orexin deficiency.

Wasserman D, Bassetti CLA, Rosenzweig I

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2020; (16(8)):1383-1386 doi:10.5664/jcsm.8572.

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate abuse: pharmacology and poisoning and withdrawal management.

Marinelli E, Beck R, Malvasi A, et al.

Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju 2020; (71(1)):19-26.

Clinical Characteristics of Cataplectic Attacks in Type 1 Narcolepsy.

Parmar A, Murray BJ, Narang I

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2020; (20(9)):38 doi:10.1007/s11910-020-01057-z.

Depression and suicidal thoughts in untreated and treated narcolepsy: Systematic analysis.

Barateau L, Lopez R, Chenini S, et al.

Neurology 2020; (95(20)):e2755-e2768 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000010737.

Narcolepsy type 2: A rare, yet existing entity.

Baumann-Vogel H, Schreckenbauer L, Valko PO, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2021; (30(3)):e13203 doi:10.1111/jsr.13203.

The sodium in sodium oxybate: is there cause for concern?

Avidan AY, Kushida CA

Sleep medicine 2020; (75()):497-501 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.017.

Therapeutic Strategies for Mitigating Driving Risk in Patients with Narcolepsy.

McCall CA, Watson NF

Therapeutics and clinical risk management 2020; (16()):1099-1108 doi:10.2147/TCRM.S244714.

[Narcolepsy in adults: Definition, etiology and treatment].

Malter M, Neuneier J, Triller A, Kallweit U

Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie 2021; (89(3)):103-113 doi:10.1055/a-1244-2612.

The Xyrem® (Sodium Oxybate) Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Program in the USA: Results From 2016 to 2017.

Strunc MJ, Black J, Lillaney P, et al.

Drugs - real world outcomes 2021; (8(1)):15-28 doi:10.1007/s40801-020-00223-6.

On-the-road driving performance of patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence.

van der Sluiszen NNJJM, Urbanus B, Lammers GJ, et al.

Traffic injury prevention 2021; (22(2)):120-126 doi:10.1080/15389588.2020.1862804.

Cardiovascular disorders in narcolepsy: Review of associations and determinants.

Jennum PJ, Plazzi G, Silvani A, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2021; (58()):101440 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101440.

Diagnosing narcolepsy in the active duty military population.

Villarreal B, Powell T, Brock MS, Hansen S

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 2021; (25(2)):995-1002 doi:10.1007/s11325-020-02163-5.

Narcolepsy type 1 features across the life span: age impact on clinical and polysomnographic phenotype.

Lividini A, Pizza F, Filardi M, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2021; (17(7)):1363-1370 doi:10.5664/jcsm.9198.

European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children.

Bassetti CLA, Kallweit U, Vignatelli L, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2021; (30(6)):e13387 doi:10.1111/jsr.13387.

European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children.

Bassetti CLA, Kallweit U, Vignatelli L, et al.

European journal of neurology 2021; (28(9)):2815-2830 doi:10.1111/ene.14888.

Treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.

Maski K, Trotti LM, Kotagal S, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2021; (17(9)):1881-1893 doi:10.5664/jcsm.9328.

Comparing objective wakefulness and vigilance tests to on-the-road driving performance in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia.

Bijlenga D, Urbanus B, van der Sluiszen NNJJM, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2022; (31(3)):e13518 doi:10.1111/jsr.13518.

Development of a lower-sodium oxybate formulation for the treatment of patients with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia.

Junnarkar G, Allphin C, Profant J, et al.

Expert opinion on drug discovery 2022; (17(2)):109-119 doi:10.1080/17460441.2022.1999226.

The role of mtDNA haplogroups on metabolic features in narcolepsy type 1.

Caporali L, Moresco M, Pizza F, et al.

Mitochondrion 2022; (63()):37-42 doi:10.1016/j.mito.2022.01.005.

Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium Oxybates (Xywav®) in Sleep Disorders: A Profile of Its Use.

Heo YA

CNS drugs 2022; (36(5)):541-549 doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00912-6.

Intermediate hypocretin-1 cerebrospinal fluid levels and typical cataplexy: their significance in the diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1.

van der Hoeven AE, Fronczek R, Schinkelshoek MS, et al.

Sleep 2022; (45(5)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac052.

Narcolepsy.

Barateau L, Pizza F, Plazzi G, Dauvilliers Y

Journal of sleep research 2022; (31(4)):e13631 doi:10.1111/jsr.13631.

Changes in Cataplexy Frequency in a Clinical Trial of Lower-Sodium Oxybate with Taper and Discontinuation of Other Anticataplectic Medications.

Dauvilliers Y, Šonka K, Bogan RK, et al.

CNS drugs 2022; (36(6)):633-647 doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00926-0.

Idling for Decades: A European Study on Risk Factors Associated with the Delay Before a Narcolepsy Diagnosis.

Zhang Z, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G, et al.

Nature and science of sleep 2022; (14()):1031-1047 doi:10.2147/NSS.S359980.

The association between narcolepsy during pregnancy and maternal-fetal risk factors/outcomes.

Wilson A, Dongarwar D, Carter K, et al.

Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2022; (15(3)):297-304 doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220054.

Narcolepsy and H1N1 influenza immunology a decade later: What have we learned?

Buonocore SM, van der Most RG

Frontiers in immunology 2022; (13()):902840 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.902840.

Changed epidemiology of narcolepsy before, during, and after the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: a nationwide narcolepsy surveillance network study in mainland China, 1990-2017.

Wang X, Xiao F, Wang Y, et al.

Sleep 2023; (46(3)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac325.

School Problems and School Support for Children with Narcolepsy: Parent, Teacher, and Child Reports.

Janssens K, Amesz P, Nuvelstijn Y, et al.

International journal of environmental research and public health 2023; (20(6)) doi:10.3390/ijerph20065175.

Calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium oxybates oral solution for cataplexy or excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy.

Abad VC

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2023; (24(8)):875-885 doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2204187.

Progressive narcolepsy: how to deal with intermediate hypocretin-1 values?

Ricordeau F, Bridoux A, Raverot V, Peter-Derex L

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2023; (19(7)):1375-1378 doi:10.5664/jcsm.10576.

Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia.

Blattner M, Maski K

Sleep medicine clinics 2023; (18(2)):183-199 doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.003.

Narcolepsy risk loci outline role of T cell autoimmunity and infectious triggers in narcolepsy.

Ollila HM, Sharon E, Lin L, et al.

Nature communications 2023; (14(1)):2709 doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36120-z.

Narcolepsies, update in 2023.

Barateau L, Pizza F, Chenini S, et al.

Revue neurologique 2023; (179(7)):727-740 doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2023.08.001.

Sleep Stage Transitions and Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation in Children with Narcolepsy-Cataplexy.

Gagnon K, Rey AE, Guignard-Perret A, et al.

Children (Basel, Switzerland) 2023; (10(10)) doi:10.3390/children10101702.

ADHD in narcolepsy: A closer look at prevalence and ties.

Ren J, Zhao X, Su C, et al.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews 2024; (156()):105471 doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105471.

Temporal patterns of sleep latency in central hypersomnia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a cluster analysis exploration using Multiple Sleep Latency Test.

Maruo T, Takagi S, Uchida S, et al.

Frontiers in psychiatry 2024; (15()):1361140 doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1361140.

Narcolepsy: an interface among neurology, immunology, sleep, and genetics.

Coelho FMS

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria 2024; (82(6)):1-9 doi:10.1055/s-0044-1779299.

Type 1 Narcolepsy in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Yuabov A, Kilinsky A, El Kady D

AJP reports 2024; (14(2)):e120-e123 doi:10.1055/a-2297-4583.

Guidelines for the assessment and management of residual sleepiness in obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome: Endorsed by the French Sleep Research and Medicine Society (SFRMS) and the French Speaking Society of Respiratory Diseases (SPLF).

Barateau L, Baillieul S, Andrejak C, et al.

Respiratory medicine and research 2024; (86()):101105 doi:10.1016/j.resmer.2024.101105.

The nature and magnitude of cognitive impairment in narcolepsy type 1, narcolepsy type 2, and idiopathic hypersomnia: a meta-analysis.

Harel BT, Gattuso JJ, Latzman RD, et al.

Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society 2024; (5(1)):zpae043 doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae043.

Improvements in daytime sleepiness and disrupted nighttime sleep with once-nightly sodium oxybate in people with narcolepsy type 1 and type 2: a plain language summary.

Dauvilliers Y, Roth T, Bogan R, et al.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research 2024; (13(9)):e240031 doi:10.57264/cer-2024-0031.

Cardiovascular Risks in People With Narcolepsy: Expert Panel Consensus Recommendations.

Kwon Y, Gami AS, Javaheri S, et al.

Journal of the American Heart Association 2024; (13(16)):e035168 doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.035168.

Increased Risk of New-Onset Hypertension in Patients With Narcolepsy Initiating Sodium Oxybate: A Real-World Study.

Ben-Joseph RH, Somers VK, Black J, et al.

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2024; (99(11)):1710-1721 doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.05.029.

REM sleep in narcolepsy.

Thorpy MJ, Siegel JM, Dauvilliers Y

Sleep medicine reviews 2024; (77()):101976 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101976.

Comorbidity of obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy: A challenging diagnosis and complex management.

Miano S, Kheirandish-Gozal L, De Pieri M

Sleep medicine: X 2024; (8()):100126 doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2024.100126.

Sleep schedules and MSLT-based diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia: Exploring potential associations in a large clinical sample.

Matsui K, Usui A, Takei Y, et al.

Journal of sleep research 2025; (34(3)):e14402 doi:10.1111/jsr.14402.

Evaluation of pitolisant, sodium oxybate, solriamfetol, and modafinil for the management of narcolepsy: a retrospective analysis of the FAERS database.

Zhou X, Chen J, Xu B, Chen L

Frontiers in pharmacology 2024; (15()):1415918 doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1415918.

Effort/reward imbalance and comorbidities burden in academic and professional careers of patients with narcolepsy type 1.

Peter-Derex L, Fort E, Putois B, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(6)):983-997 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11598.

Rising pressure to understand the risks of hypertension in children with narcolepsy type 1.

Montesano E, Garcia ME, Lyon S, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(6)):1081-1091 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11628.

Clinical and objective correlates of disrupted nighttime sleep in pediatric narcolepsy type 1.

Barateau L, Chenini S, Pizza F, et al.

Sleep medicine 2025; (129()):402-409 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.03.015.

Narcolepsy Is Associated With Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease as Early as Childhood: A Big Data Analysis.

Kaufmann CN, Riaz M, Park H, et al.

Journal of the American Heart Association 2025; (14(12)):e039899 doi:10.1161/JAHA.124.039899.

Narcolepsy and cardiovascular health: A big picture perspective.

Grandner MA, Morse AM, Avidan AY, et al.

Sleep medicine 2025; (133()):106640 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106640.

Narcolepsy and psychiatric comorbidity: a review of the literature.

Verstraete L, Van Den Bossche M

International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP 2025; (25(2)):100591 doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100591.

Weight changes during treatment with low-sodium oxybate in two phase 3 clinical studies in participants with narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia.

Foldvary-Schaefer N, Skowronski R, Chandler P, et al.

Sleep medicine 2025; (133()):106602 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106602.

Effects of High- Versus Low-Sodium Oxybate on Blood Pressure in Patients With Narcolepsy.

White WB, Kovacs RJ, Alexander JK, et al.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2025; (82(12)):2162-2171 doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25730.

Circadian Modulation of Sleep-Wake Behavior in Patients with Narcolepsy Type 1 and Idiopathic Hypersomnia.

Ryser F, Windirsch AS, Baumann CR, et al.

Nature and science of sleep 2025; (17()):2833-2851 doi:10.2147/NSS.S520647.

Under a Spell: Neurologic Evaluation of Presyncope as a Feature of Dysautonomia.

Blitshteyn S, Chémali KR, Lau DH

Biomedicines 2025; (13(11)) doi:10.3390/biomedicines13112698.

Clinical pearls for the treatment of narcolepsy.

Bulloch MN, Geyer JD

The mental health clinician 2025; (15(6)):258-266 doi:10.9740/mhc.2025.12.258.

Clinical and instrumental comparison between insufficient sleep syndrome and narcolepsy type 1.

Manconi M, Castelnovo A, Miano S, De Pieri M

Sleep medicine 2026; (138()):108720 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.108720.

Narcolepsy and metabolic disease: A meta-analytic synthesis.

Zhang X, Yin W, Ren J, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2026; (87()):102264 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102264.

Test-retest repeatability of the multiple sleep latency test in non-cataleptic hypersomnolence disorders.

Johnson J, Grigg-Damberger M, El Ahdab J, et al.

Sleep medicine 2026; (142()):108876 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.108876.

Increased Numbers of CD4+ T-Cells in the Hypocretin/Orexin Region of Narcolepsy Type 1.

Shan L, Fonville M, Hoekstra M, et al.

Annals of neurology 2026; (99(5)):1173-1178 doi:10.1002/ana.78199.

Impaired attention in pediatric narcolepsy type 1.

Montesano Scheibe E, Zhang B, Wang G, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2026; (22(1)).

To diagnose narcolepsy type 1 after a negative multiple sleep latency test: the contribution of systematic hypocretin measurement.

Biscarini F, Vandi S, Neccia G, et al.

Sleep 2026; (49(9)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsag142.

Narcolepsy type 1: an environment-influenced disease.

Vinceti B, Fusco C, Cordelli DM, Plazzi G

Sleep medicine 2026; (146()):109034 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2026.109034.