Research & Literature

Growth, development, puberty and adult height before and during treatment in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency.

Smuel K, Kauli R, Lilos P, Laron Z

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2015; (25(4)):182-8.

Autosomal Dominant Growth Hormone Deficiency (Type II).

Alatzoglou KS, Kular D, Dattani MT

Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER 2015; (12(4)):347-55.

STAT5B deficiency: Impacts on human growth and immunity.

Hwa V

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2016; (28()):16-20.

CLONIDINE STIMULATION TEST FOR GH DEFICIENCY: A NEW LOOK AT SAMPLE TIMING.

Gillis D, Magiel E, Terespolsky N, et al.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2016; (22(3)):338-42 doi:10.4158/EP151156.OR.

Recombinant IGF-I: Past, present and future.

Bright GM

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2016; (28()):62-5.

Evaluation of growth hormone stimulation testing in children.

Chesover AD, Dattani MT

Clinical endocrinology 2016; (84(5)):708-14 doi:10.1111/cen.13035.

Development of additional pituitary hormone deficiencies in pediatric patients originally diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency due to organic causes.

Child CJ, Blum WF, Deal C, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2016; (174(5)):669-79 doi:10.1530/EJE-15-1203.

Mortality Is Not Increased in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone-treated Patients When Adjusting for Birth Characteristics.

Albertsson-Wikland K, Mårtensson A, Sävendahl L, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2016; (101(5)):2149-59 doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3951.

Growth hormone deficiency during young adulthood and the benefits of growth hormone replacement.

Ahmid M, Perry CG, Ahmed SF, Shaikh MG

Endocrine connections 2016; (5(3)):R1-R11 doi:10.1530/EC-16-0024.

Long-Term Outcomes, Genetics, and Pituitary Morphology in Patients with Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies: A Single-Centre Experience of Four Decades of Growth Hormone Replacement.

Rohayem J, Drechsel H, Tittel B, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2016; (86(2)):106-116 doi:10.1159/000448098.

Pituitary volume in children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic short stature and controls.

Kessler M, Tenner M, Frey M, Noto R

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2016; (29(10)):1195-1200.

Genetic causes of isolated and combined pituitary hormone deficiency.

Giordano M

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2016; (30(6)):679-691 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2016.09.005.

Treatment of Pre-pubertal Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Patterns in Growth Hormone Dosage and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Z-scores.

Oberle M, Grimberg A, Bamba V

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2017; (9(3)):208-215 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.4125.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Endocrine Disorders.

Ariyasu D, Yoshida H, Hasegawa Y

International journal of molecular sciences 2017; (18(2)) doi:10.3390/ijms18020382.

Isolated growth hormone deficiency due to the R183H mutation in GH1: Clinical analysis of a four-generation family.

Cabrera-Salcedo C, Shah AS, Andrew M, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2017; (87(6)):874-876 doi:10.1111/cen.13400.

Pathogenic and likely pathogenic genetic alterations and polymorphisms in growth hormone gene (GH1) and growth hormone releasing hormone receptor gene (GHRHR) in a cohort of isolated growth hormone deficient (IGHD) children in Sri Lanka.

Sundralingam T, Tennekoon KH, de Silva S, et al.

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2017; (36()):22-29 doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2017.08.006.

Children's psychosocial functioning and parents' quality of life in paediatric short stature: The mediating role of caregiving stress.

Silva N, Bullinger M, Sommer R, et al.

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy 2018; (25(1)):e107-e118 doi:10.1002/cpp.2146.

Progression from isolated growth hormone deficiency to combined pituitary hormone deficiency.

Cerbone M, Dattani MT

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2017; (37()):19-25 doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2017.10.005.

A complex phenotype in a family with a pathogenic SOX3 missense variant.

Jelsig AM, Diness BR, Kreiborg S, et al.

European journal of medical genetics 2018; (61(3)):168-172 doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.11.012.

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: From Suspecting to Diagnosing.

Vyas V, Kumar A, Jain V

Indian pediatrics 2017; (54(11)):955-960 doi:10.1007/s13312-017-1190-3.

Pegvisomant-primed growth hormone (GH) stimulation test is useful in identifying true GH deficient children.

Radetti G, Elsedfy HH, Khalaf R, et al.

Hormones (Athens, Greece) 2017; (16(3)):291-296 doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1748.

Congenital Hypopituitarism.

Parks JS

Clinics in perinatology 2018; (45(1)):75-91 doi:10.1016/j.clp.2017.11.001.

Congenital hypopituitarism: how to select the patients for genetic analyses.

Crisafulli G, Aversa T, Zirilli G, et al.

Italian journal of pediatrics 2018; (44(1)):47 doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0484-y.

Same Phenotype in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency and Resistance.

Ioimo I, Guarracino C, Meazza C, et al.

Case reports in pediatrics 2018; (2018()):5902835 doi:10.1155/2018/5902835.

Macimorelin as a Diagnostic Test for Adult GH Deficiency.

Garcia JM, Biller BMK, Korbonits M, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2018; (103(8)):3083-3093 doi:10.1210/jc.2018-00665.

Growth hormone treatment of Canadian children: results from the GeNeSIS phase IV prospective observational study.

Deal C, Kirsch S, Chanoine JP, et al.

CMAJ open 2018; (6(3)):E372-E383 doi:10.9778/cmajo.20180020.

Screening a large pediatric cohort with GH deficiency for mutations in genes regulating pituitary development and GH secretion: Frequencies, phenotypes and growth outcomes.

Blum WF, Klammt J, Amselem S, et al.

EBioMedicine 2018; (36()):390-400 doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.026.

Effect of adherence to growth hormone treatment on 0-2 year catch-up growth in children with growth hormone deficiency.

van Dommelen P, Koledova E, Wit JM

PloS one 2018; (13(10)):e0206009 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206009.

Bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone density impairment in young male adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency.

Yang H, Yan K, Yuping X, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2019; (180(2)):145-153.

CORRELATION OF INCREASED SERUM ADIPSIN WITH INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY.

Wang Y, Zheng X, Xie X, et al.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2019; (25(5)):446-453 doi:10.4158/EP-2018-0541.

Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Type 2 due to a novel GH1 Mutation: A Case Report

Kautsar A, Wit JM, Pulungan A

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2019; (11(4)):426-431 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2018.0305.

Health and Lifestyle of Adult Patients with Congenital Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Treated in Childhood.

Ben-Nun Yaari E, Kauli R, Lilos P, Laron Z

The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ 2019; (21(3)):189-193.

Height Gain and Safety Outcomes in Growth Hormone-Treated Children with Idiopathic Short Stature: Experience from a Prospective Observational Study.

Child CJ, Quigley CA, Cutler GB, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2019; (91(4)):241-251 doi:10.1159/000500087.

Contribution of functionally assessed GHRHR mutations to idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency in patients without GH1 mutations.

Cohen E, Belkacem S, Fedala S, et al.

Human mutation 2019; (40(11)):2033-2043 doi:10.1002/humu.23847.

Distinct pituitary hormone levels of 184 Chinese children and adolescents with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency: a single-centre study.

Wang F, Han J, Shang X, Li G

BMC pediatrics 2019; (19(1)):441 doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1819-6.

Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome.

Xu C, Wang T, Feng Y

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2019; (30(6)):e578-e580 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000005580.

GH and IGF-1 Replacement in Children.

Pfäffle R, Kiess W

Handbook of experimental pharmacology 2020; (261()):67-86 doi:10.1007/164_2019_337.

[Genetic diagnosis of patients with primary agammaglobulinemia treated at third level peruvian centers].

Matos-Benavides E, García-Gomero D, Inocente-Malpartida R, et al.

Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica 2019; (36(4)):664-669 doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2019.364.4311.

Genetic Anomalies of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Pediatrics.

Firouzi M, Sherkatolabbasieh H, Shafizadeh S

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets 2021; (21(2)):288-297 doi:10.2174/1871530320666200704144912.

Meta-analysis of metabolic changes in children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency after recombinant human growth hormone replacement therapy.

Yuan Y, Zhou B, Liu S, et al.

Endocrine 2021; (71(1)):35-46 doi:10.1007/s12020-020-02435-w.

Questioning the Value of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Children with Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Oren A, Singer D, Rachmiel M, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2020; (93(4)):245-250 doi:10.1159/000509366.

Individual sensitivity to growth hormone replacement in adults.

Boguszewski CL

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 2021; (22(1)):117-124 doi:10.1007/s11154-020-09605-1.

Clinical Symptoms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome.

Gardijan D, Pavlisa G, Galkowski V

Klinische Padiatrie 2021; (233(2)):83-87 doi:10.1055/a-1288-9888.

Congenital hypopituitarism in two brothers with a duplication of the 'acrogigantism gene' GPR101: clinical findings and review of the literature.

Elizabeth MSM, Verkerk AJMH, Hokken-Koelega ACS, et al.

Pituitary 2021; (24(2)):229-241 doi:10.1007/s11102-020-01101-8.

Use of the Growth Hormone Stimulation Test Result in the Management of Patients With a Short Stature.

Mahzari MM, Al Joufi F, Al Otaibi S, et al.

Cureus 2020; (12(10)):e10988 doi:10.7759/cureus.10988.

Growth hormone deficiency in adults with Cushing's disease.

Tritos NA

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2021; (35(2)):101474 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101474.

Sensitivity and specificity of the macimorelin test for diagnosis of AGHD.

Garcia JM, Biller BMK, Korbonits M, et al.

Endocrine connections 2021; (10(1)):76-83.

3D DXA Hip Differences in Patients with Acromegaly or Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Gracia-Marco L, Gonzalez-Salvatierra S, Garcia-Martin A, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(4)) doi:10.3390/jcm10040657.

Impact of Long-Term Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Parameters in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: Comparison Between Adult and Elderly Patients.

Scarano E, Riccio E, Somma T, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2021; (12()):635983 doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.635983.

Growth hormone deficiency and the transition from pediatric to adult care.

Tavares ABW, Collett-Solberg PF

Jornal de pediatria 2021; (97(6)):595-602 doi:10.1016/j.jped.2021.02.007.

The history, physiology and treatment safety of growth hormone.

Tidblad A

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2022; (111(2)):215-224 doi:10.1111/apa.15948.

Bone and body composition analyses by DXA in adults with GH deficiency: effects of long-term replacement therapy.

Rossini A, Lanzi R, Galeone C, et al.

Endocrine 2021; (74(3)):666-675 doi:10.1007/s12020-021-02835-6.

Adult height and long-term outcomes after rhIGF-1 therapy in two patients with PAPP-A2 deficiency.

Martín-Rivada Á, Barrios V, Martínez Díaz-Guerra G, et al.

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2021; (60-61()):101419 doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101419.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 level is a poor diagnostic indicator of growth hormone deficiency.

Iwayama H, Kitagawa S, Sada J, et al.

Scientific reports 2021; (11(1)):16159 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95632-0.

Mutations in GH1 gene and isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD): A familial case of IGHD type I and systematic review.

Li Q, Xu Z, Zhang M, et al.

Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society 2021; (60-61()):101423 doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101423.

Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency and Idiopathic Short Stature: Comparative Efficiency after Growth Hormone Treatment up to Adult Height.

Ariza-Jimenez AB, Leiva Gea I, Martinez-Aedo Ollero MJ, Lopez-Siguero JP

Journal of clinical medicine 2021; (10(21)) doi:10.3390/jcm10214988.

Preliminary study of longitudinal changes in the pituitary and brain of children on growth hormone therapy.

Low LS, Wong JHD, Tan LK, et al.

Journal of neuroradiology = Journal de neuroradiologie 2023; (50(2)):271-277 doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2021.11.004.

When Is a Positive Test for Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency a True-Positive Test?

Bright GM, Morris PA, Rosenfeld RG

Hormone research in paediatrics 2021; (94(11-12)):399-405 doi:10.1159/000521281.

Somatrogon: First Approval.

Lamb YN

Drugs 2022; (82(2)):227-234 doi:10.1007/s40265-021-01663-2.

Pubertal Timing and Growth Dynamics in Children With Severe Primary IGF-1 Deficiency: Results From the European Increlex® Growth Forum Database Registry.

Bang P, Polak M, Perrot V, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; (13()):812568 doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.812568.

Growth Responses During 3 Years of Growth Hormone Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Growth Hormone Deficiency: Comparison Between Idiopathic, Organic and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency, and Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency.

Lim HH, Kim YM, Lee GM, et al.

Journal of Korean medical science 2022; (37(11)):e90 doi:10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e90.

Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Somatrogon vs Daily Somatropin in Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Phase 3 Study.

Deal CL, Steelman J, Vlachopapadopoulou E, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2022; (107(7)):e2717-e2728 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac220.

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and short-term outcome of a novel once-weekly PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone for children with growth hormone deficiency.

Liang Y, Zhang C, Wei H, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; (13()):922304 doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.922304.

Evaluation of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children with Cystic Fibrosis.

Reisi M, Sharif Ahmadian N, Hashemipour M, et al.

Advanced biomedical research 2022; (11()):62 doi:10.4103/abr.abr_285_20.

Growth hormone deficiency in a case of septo-optic-dysplasia due to SOX2 mutation: should we re-test patients during the transition period?

Gasco V, Matarazzo P, De Sanctis L, Ghigo E

BMJ case reports 2022; (15(12)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2022-251897.

Severe Growth Hormone Deficiency in an Indian Boy Caused by a Novel 6 kb Homozygous Deletion Spanning the GH1 Gene

Haris B, Mohammed I, Ismail Umlai UK, et al.

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2024; (16(2)):229-234 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-5-9.

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone plus vitamin D on development and lipid metabolism in children with growth hormone deficiency.

Zhao J, Miao Y, Ying X, et al.

Biotechnology & genetic engineering reviews 2024; (40(3)):2960-2970 doi:10.1080/02648725.2023.2202991.

Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and IGF1: a cross-sectional study of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants.

Li W, Yu T

Journal of health, population, and nutrition 2023; (42(1)):35 doi:10.1186/s41043-023-00374-6.

Approach to the Patient: Case Studies in Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency and Their Management.

Henry RK, Miller BS

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2023; (108(11)):3009-3021 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad305.

Little League Shoulder and Subsequent Proximal Humeral Fracture in the Setting of Human Growth Hormone Use: A Case Report.

Kosko B, Richey B, Cardin S, et al.

JBJS case connector 2023; (13(3)) doi:10.2106/JBJS.CC.22.00612.

Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Treatment of Severe Growth Failure in Three Siblings with STAT5B Deficiency.

Muthuvel G, Al Remeithi SS, Foley C, et al.

Hormone research in paediatrics 2024; (97(2)):195-202 doi:10.1159/000531491.

Clinico-radiological correlation of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in children with growth hormone deficiency.

Sridhar S, Raja BR, Priyanka R, et al.

Pituitary 2023; (26(5)):622-628 doi:10.1007/s11102-023-01351-2.

Long acting growth hormone (LAGH), an update.

Grillo MS, Frank J, Saenger P

Frontiers in pediatrics 2023; (11()):1254231 doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1254231.

Identifying patient-related predictors of permanent growth hormone deficiency.

Mericq V, Iñiguez G, Pinto G, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2023; (14()):1270845 doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1270845.

[Somatropin and final height in Mexican paediatric population with growth hormone deficiency].

Rivera-Hernández A, Sánchez-García F, Zurita-Cruz J, Balcázar-Hernández L

Andes pediatrica : revista Chilena de pediatria 2022; (93(4)):496-503 doi:10.32641/andespediatr.v93i4.3763.

Strong Association Between Growth Hormone Therapy and Proximal Tibial Physeal Avulsion Fractures in Children and Adolescents: A Case-Control Study.

Beber SA, Gross PW, Nichols E, et al.

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2024; (106(3)):227-231 doi:10.2106/JBJS.23.00741.

Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome: Analysis of Response to Growth Hormone Therapy.

Ravichandran R, Saikia UK, Bhuyan AK, Baro A

Indian pediatrics 2024; (61(2)):154-157.

Auxological, Clinical, and MRI Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients With Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Alyahyawi NY

Cureus 2024; (16(2)):e54904 doi:10.7759/cureus.54904.

Accuracy of Glucagon Testing Across Transition in Young Adults With Childhood-Onset GH Deficiency.

Fava D, Guglielmi D, Pepino C, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2024; (110(1)):78-90 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae408.

Indications for genetic diagnosis in children with growth hormone deficiency and born small for gestational age.

Roztoczyńska D, Kot-Marchewczyk A, Wędrychowicz A, et al.

Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism 2024; (30(2)):51-60 doi:10.5114/pedm.2024.140998.

Response to Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) Therapy in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Riaz M, Ibrahim MN, Rai VR, et al.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP 2024; (34(8)):932-935 doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2024.08.932.

The clinical and genetic aspects of six individuals with GH1 variants and isolated growth hormone deficiency type II.

Huang X, Chen H, Shangguan H, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2024; (15()):1363050 doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1363050.

Does clonidine stimulate copeptin in children?

Binder G, Weber K, Peter A, Schweizer R

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2025; (38(2)):172-175 doi:10.1515/jpem-2024-0498.

Clinical Presentation of Congenital Hypopituitarism: Lessons From a Large Academic Centre.

Ladd JM, Pyle-Eilola AL, Mamilly L, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2025; (102(6)):649-655 doi:10.1111/cen.15213.

Recombinant growth hormone improves growth and adult height: a comparison between treated and untreated patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.

Zhao Q, Li R, Shao Q, et al.

Translational pediatrics 2025; (14(3)):442-451 doi:10.21037/tp-2024-576.

Comparison of Glucagon Stimulation Test and Insulin Tolerance Test for Assessment of an Anterior Pituitary Function-A Cross-Over Study.

Lewandowski KC, Kawalec J, Lewandowska P, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(18)) doi:10.3390/jcm14186567.

Phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency misdiagnosed as Laron syndrome.

Uçaktürk SA, Özer E, Ceylan AC, Mengen E

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2026; (39(2)):199-203 doi:10.1515/jpem-2025-0447.