Research & Literature

Principles of rehabilitation and reactivation: interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis and rheumatoid disease with respiratory involvement.

Holland AE, Dowman LM, Hill CJ

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 2015; (89(2)):89-99 doi:10.1159/000370126.

American Thoracic Society-European Respiratory Society Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Advances in Knowledge since 2002.

Sverzellati N, Lynch DA, Hansell DM, et al.

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc 2015; (35(7)):1849-71 doi:10.1148/rg.2015140334.

Idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia.

Belloli EA, Beckford R, Hadley R, Flaherty KR

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 2016; (21(2)):259-68 doi:10.1111/resp.12674.

Efficacy of thrombomodulin for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: a nonrandomized prospective study.

Abe M, Tsushima K, Matsumura T, et al.

Drug design, development and therapy 2015; (9()):5755-62 doi:10.2147/DDDT.S90739.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Martin MD, Chung JH, Kanne JP

Journal of thoracic imaging 2016; (31(3)):127-39 doi:10.1097/RTI.0000000000000204.

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia: What Is the Optimal Approach to Management?

Tomassetti S, Ryu JH, Piciucchi S, et al.

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine 2016; (37(3)):378-94 doi:10.1055/s-0036-1583176.

Antisynthetase syndrome: Pulmonary computed tomography findings of adult patients with antibodies to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Waseda Y, Johkoh T, Egashira R, et al.

European journal of radiology 2016; (85(8)):1421-6.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia preceding diagnosis of collagen vascular disease.

Kono M, Nakamura Y, Yoshimura K, et al.

Respiratory medicine 2016; (117()):40-7.

Diagnostic Approach to Advanced Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease: Bringing Together Clinical, Radiologic, and Histologic Clues.

Larsen BT, Smith ML, Elicker BM, et al.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2017; (141(7)):901-915 doi:10.5858/arpa.2016-0299-SA.

Imaging of Pulmonary Manifestations of Connective Tissue Diseases.

Ahuja J, Arora D, Kanne JP, et al.

Radiologic clinics of North America 2016; (54(6)):1015-1031 doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2016.05.005.

[Dermatomyositis associated with anti-MDA5 antibodies and pneumocystis pneumonia: Two lethal cases].

Aymonier M, Abed S, Boyé T, et al.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie 2017; (144(4)):279-283 doi:10.1016/j.annder.2016.09.677.

Azathioprine response in patients with fibrotic connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease.

Oldham JM, Lee C, Valenzi E, et al.

Respiratory medicine 2016; (121()):117-122 doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2016.11.007.

Histological variability and consequences in chronic bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Ochi J, Ohtani Y, Takemura T, et al.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 2017; (22(7)):1350-1356 doi:10.1111/resp.13070.

Pathology of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis What Is It? What Are the Diagnostic Criteria? Why Do We Care?

Churg A, Bilawich A, Wright JL

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2018; (142(1)):109-119 doi:10.5858/arpa.2017-0173-RA.

Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for the treatment of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (RECITAL): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Saunders P, Tsipouri V, Keir GJ, et al.

Trials 2017; (18(1)):275 doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2016-2.

Does the severity of interstitial lung disease affect the gains from pulmonary rehabilitation?

Deniz S, Şahin H, Yalnız E

The clinical respiratory journal 2018; (12(6)):2141-2150 doi:10.1111/crj.12785.

Clinical, Diagnostic, and Treatment Disparities between HIV-Infected and Non-HIV-Infected Immunocompromised Patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia.

Salzer HJF, Schäfer G, Hoenigl M, et al.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases 2018; (96(1)):52-65 doi:10.1159/000487713.

Management of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Myositis Specific Autoantibodies.

Mecoli CA, Christopher-Stine L

Current rheumatology reports 2018; (20(5)):27 doi:10.1007/s11926-018-0731-7.

Prognostic factors and disease behaviour of pathologically proven fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia.

Yamakawa H, Kitamura H, Takemura T, et al.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) 2018; (23(11)):1032-1040 doi:10.1111/resp.13313.

Development and validation of a radiological diagnosis model for hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Salisbury ML, Gross BH, Chughtai A, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2018; (52(2)) doi:10.1183/13993003.00443-2018.

Comprehensive gene expression profiling identifies distinct and overlapping transcriptional profiles in non-specific interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Cecchini MJ, Hosein K, Howlett CJ, et al.

Respiratory research 2018; (19(1)):153 doi:10.1186/s12931-018-0857-1.

Effect of ambulatory oxygen on quality of life for patients with fibrotic lung disease (AmbOx): a prospective, open-label, mixed-method, crossover randomised controlled trial.

Visca D, Mori L, Tsipouri V, et al.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2018; (6(10)):759-770 doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30289-3.

Reprint of: Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: pathologic features and clinical implications.

Myers JL

Seminars in diagnostic pathology 2018; (35(5)):334-338 doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2018.09.002.

Acute exacerbations of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.

Kolb M, Bondue B, Pesci A, et al.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2018; (27(150)) doi:10.1183/16000617.0071-2018.

Presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of the spectrum of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.

Cottin V, Hirani NA, Hotchkin DL, et al.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society 2018; (27(150)) doi:10.1183/16000617.0076-2018.

Comparison of clinical courses and mortality of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonias and chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.

Yıldırım F, Türk M, Bitik B, et al.

The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences 2019; (35(6)):365-372 doi:10.1002/kjm2.12066.

Long-term evaluation of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.

Wallaert B, Duthoit L, Drumez E, et al.

ERJ open research 2019; (5(2)) doi:10.1183/23120541.00045-2019.

Rituximab in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease.

Duarte AC, Cordeiro A, Fernandes BM, et al.

Clinical rheumatology 2019; (38(7)):2001-2009 doi:10.1007/s10067-019-04557-7.

Contribution of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to the diagnosis and follow up of connective tissue diseases.

Ciancio N, Pavone M, Torrisi SE, et al.

Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine 2019; (14()):17 doi:10.1186/s40248-019-0179-2.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Part 3. Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Lee J, Kim YH, Kang JY, et al.

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 2019; (82(4)):277-284 doi:10.4046/trd.2018.0092.

Nintedanib in Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Flaherty KR, Wells AU, Cottin V, et al.

The New England journal of medicine 2019; (381(18)):1718-1727 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1908681.

Clinical, morphological features and prognostic factors associated with interstitial lung disease in primary Sjӧgren's syndrome: A systematic review from the Italian Society of Rheumatology.

Sambataro G, Ferro F, Orlandi M, et al.

Autoimmunity reviews 2020; (19(2)):102447 doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102447.

Meta-analysis of the radiological and clinical features of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) and Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP).

Ebner L, Christodoulidis S, Stathopoulou T, et al.

PloS one 2020; (15(1)):e0226084 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0226084.

Pneumocystis jiroveci.

Fishman JA

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine 2020; (41(1)):141-157 doi:10.1055/s-0039-3399559.

Targeted therapies in systemic sclerosis, myositis, antiphospholipid syndrome, and Sjögren's syndrome.

van den Hoogen LL, van Laar JM

Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology 2020; (34(1)):101485 doi:10.1016/j.berh.2020.101485.

High-resolution CT features distinguishing usual interstitial pneumonia pattern in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis from those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Tateishi T, Johkoh T, Sakai F, et al.

Japanese journal of radiology 2020; (38(6)):524-532 doi:10.1007/s11604-020-00932-6.

Nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases-subgroup analyses by interstitial lung disease diagnosis in the INBUILD trial: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.

Wells AU, Flaherty KR, Brown KK, et al.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2020; (8(5)):453-460 doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30036-9.

Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Teoh AKY, Corte TJ

Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine 2020; (41(2)):184-201 doi:10.1055/s-0040-1708499.

The Trouble With Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease: Dilemmas in Diagnosis and the Conundrum of Treatment.

King CS, Shlobin OA

Chest 2020; (158(4)):1651-1664 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.046.

Diagnostic approach of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases of unknown origin.

Cottin V, Valenzuela C

Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983) 2020; (49(2)):104021 doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2020.104021.

Computed tomography findings of current nonspecific interstitial pneumonia based on the 2013 updated classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias: What is a characteristic of previously diagnosed nonspecific interstitial pneumonia excluded from the updated classification.

Tominaga J, Iwasawa T, Murota M, et al.

Japanese journal of radiology 2021; (39(1)):47-55 doi:10.1007/s11604-020-01036-x.

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features.

Santhanam S, Mohanasundaram K, Krishnan S

The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2020; (50(3)):247-255 doi:10.4997/JRCPE.2020.307.

Abatacept in interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis: national multicenter study of 263 patients.

Fernández-Díaz C, Castañeda S, Melero-González RB, et al.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2020; (59(12)):3906-3916 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keaa621.

Home Oxygen Therapy for Adults with Chronic Lung Disease. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Jacobs SS, Krishnan JA, Lederer DJ, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2020; (202(10)):e121-e141 doi:10.1164/rccm.202009-3608ST.

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based study.

Hsu HC, Chang YS, Hou TY, et al.

Clinical rheumatology 2021; (40(9)):3755-3763 doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05660-4.

Respiratory Impairment, Limited Activity, and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease.

Kozu R, Shingai K, Hanada M, et al.

Physical therapy research 2021; (24(1)):9-16 doi:10.1298/ptr.R0012.

Effects of nintedanib by inclusion criteria for progression of interstitial lung disease.

Maher TM, Brown KK, Kreuter M, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2022; (59(2)) doi:10.1183/13993003.04587-2020.

Biopsy in interstitial lung disease: specific diagnosis and the identification of the progressive fibrotic phenotype.

Ravaglia C, Nicholson AG

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2021; (27(5)):355-362 doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000810.

Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease.

Dowman L, Hill CJ, May A, Holland AE

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2021; (2()):CD006322 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006322.pub4.

Variables Associated With Response to Therapy in Patients With Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features.

Joerns EK, Adams TN, Newton CA, et al.

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases 2022; (28(2)):84-88 doi:10.1097/RHU.0000000000001808.

Autoimmune Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease: Predictors of Fast Decline.

Nagy A, Nagy T, Kolonics-Farkas AM, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2021; (12()):778649 doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.778649.

Clinical features, treatment and risk factors for interstitial pneumonia in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.

Li C, Lu F, Lei T, et al.

Translational cancer research 2020; (9(9)):5139-5146 doi:10.21037/tcr-20-988.

Screening Strategies for Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: A Multidisciplinary Delphi Study.

Rahaghi FF, Kolaitis NA, Adegunsoye A, et al.

Chest 2022; (162(1)):145-155 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.012.

RNA Sequencing of Epithelial Cell/Fibroblastic Foci Sandwich in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: New Insights on the Signaling Pathway.

Calabrese F, Lunardi F, Tauro V, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2022; (23(6)) doi:10.3390/ijms23063323.

Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

Cho HK, Chung MP, Soo Lee K, et al.

Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 2022; (16()):17534666221089468 doi:10.1177/17534666221089468.

Connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) and interstitial lung abnormality (ILA): Evolving concept of CT findings, pathology and management.

Yoo H, Hino T, Hwang J, et al.

European journal of radiology open 2022; (9()):100419 doi:10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100419.

Immunomodulatory treatment of interstitial lung disease.

van den Bosch L, Luppi F, Ferrara G, Mura M

Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease 2022; (16()):17534666221117002 doi:10.1177/17534666221117002.

Validation of Proposed Criteria for Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pugashetti JV, Adegunsoye A, Wu Z, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2023; (207(1)):69-76 doi:10.1164/rccm.202201-0124OC.

Rituximab versus intravenous cyclophosphamide in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease in the UK (RECITAL): a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial.

Maher TM, Tudor VA, Saunders P, et al.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine 2023; (11(1)):45-54 doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00359-9.

Interstitial Lung Disease: A Focused Review for the Emergency Clinician.

Constantino K, Gottlieb M, Long B

The Journal of emergency medicine 2023; (64(2)):156-166 doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.10.015.

One-year clinical experience on the use of Nintedanib in systemic sclerosis.

Magnani L, Spinella A, Testoni S, et al.

Respirology case reports 2023; (11(6)):e01120 doi:10.1002/rcr2.1120.

Rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil combination in patients with interstitial lung disease (EVER-ILD): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Mankikian J, Caille A, Reynaud-Gaubert M, et al.

The European respiratory journal 2023; (61(6)) doi:10.1183/13993003.02071-2022.

Imaging Features of Idiopathic Interstitial Lung Diseases.

Batra K, Adams TN

Journal of thoracic imaging 2023; (38(Suppl 1)):S19-S29 doi:10.1097/RTI.0000000000000728.

Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis-associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Evidence-based Recommendations. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Raghu G, Montesi SB, Silver RM, et al.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2024; (209(2)):137-152 doi:10.1164/rccm.202306-1113ST.

Clustered Cystic Changes in Long-Term Follow-Up Thin-Section Computed Tomographic Findings in Fibrotic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Akira M, Suganuma N

Canadian respiratory journal 2024; (2024()):6665568 doi:10.1155/2024/6665568.

Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ang HL, Schulte M, Chan RK, et al.

Chest 2024; (166(4)):778-792 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2024.04.025.

Pneumocystis Pneumonia Presenting With Peripheral Predominant Consolidation and Traction Bronchiectasis.

Fujishima N, Hioki Y, Yokoyama A, et al.

Cureus 2024; (16(6)):e63257 doi:10.7759/cureus.63257.

Correlation of high-resolution computed tomography and immunological bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease at the onset of inflammatory rheumatic diseases: implications for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.

Hoffmann T, Teichgräber U, Förster M, et al.

Arthritis research & therapy 2024; (26(1)):142 doi:10.1186/s13075-024-03371-0.

Location of Fibroblastic Foci: Does the Lesion You Observe Really Suggest Usual Interstitial Pneumonia?

Katsuragawa H, Ito H, Handa T, et al.

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc 2025; (38(3)):100675 doi:10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100675.

Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia.

Jo YS, Lee HK, Park SH, et al.

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 2025; (88(2)):237-246 doi:10.4046/trd.2024.0168.

Advances in Concept and Imaging of Interstitial Lung Disease.

Yanagawa M, Han J, Wada N, et al.

Radiology 2025; (315(2)):e241252 doi:10.1148/radiol.241252.

A Brief Guide to Interpreting Transbronchial Cryobiopsies for Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease.

Churg A, Wright JL, Manchen P, et al.

The American journal of surgical pathology 2025; (49(10)):1068-1077 doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000002424.

High-Resolution CT Findings in Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases: Differentiating Patterns for Clinical Practice-A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Drimus JC, Duma RC, Trăilă D, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2025; (14(17)) doi:10.3390/jcm14176164.

Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Caused by Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: A Case Report.

Naqvi SM, Nadeem AUR, Liu J, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(12)):e99922 doi:10.7759/cureus.99922.

Predictors of Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases and Survival in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease-Related Usual Interstitial Pneumonia.

Fu H, Li X, Shi H, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2026; (62(1)) doi:10.3390/medicina62010206.

Functional, radiological and survival outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: 24-month results from the BERTHA prospective cohort.

Kawano-Dourado L, Bonfiglioli K, Ribeiro ACM, et al.

BMJ open respiratory research 2026; (13(1)) doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2025-003973.

Combination antifibrotic and immunosuppressive therapy in progressive fibrosing ILD.

Fischer R, Abdul Rehman K

Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG 2026; (43(1)):18462 doi:10.36141/svdld.2026.18462.

Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease: A Case Series and a Narrative Literature Review.

Czyżak B, Lasota A, Majewski S

Advances in respiratory medicine 2026; (94(3)) doi:10.3390/arm94030042.

Navigating the Complexity of PH-ILD: From Molecular Mechanisms to Integrated Clinical Evaluation.

Vasarmidi E, Calaras D, Kourouni I, et al.

International journal of molecular sciences 2026; (27(15)) doi:10.3390/ijms27157055.