Research & Literature

Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer.

Braun MM, Overbeek-Wager EA, Grumbo RJ

American family physician 2016; (93(6)):468-74.

Sonographic evaluation of polycystic ovaries.

Zhu RY, Wong YC, Yong EL

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology 2016; (37()):25-37 doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.02.005.

Androgen excess: Investigations and management.

Lizneva D, Gavrilova-Jordan L, Walker W, Azziz R

Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology 2016; (37()):98-118 doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.05.003.

Long-term risk of endometrial cancer following postmenopausal bleeding and reassuring endometrial biopsy.

Visser NC, Sparidaens EM, van den Brink JW, et al.

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 2016; (95(12)):1418-1424 doi:10.1111/aogs.13022.

Association of ovarian hyperthecosis with endometrial polyp, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma in postmenopausal women: a clinicopathological study of 238 cases.

Zhang C, Sung CJ, Quddus MR, et al.

Human pathology 2017; (59()):120-124 doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.021.

Discriminating between virilizing ovary tumors and ovary hyperthecosis in postmenopausal women: clinical data, hormonal profiles and image studies.

Yance VRV, Marcondes JAM, Rocha MP, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2017; (177(1)):93-102.

Virilization and Enlarged Ovaries in a Postmenopausal Woman.

Guerrero J, Marcus JZ, Heller DS

International journal of surgical pathology 2017; (25(6)):507-508 doi:10.1177/1066896917713134.

Severe hyperandrogenemia in postmenopausal woman as a presentation of ovarian hyperthecosis. Case report and mini review of the literature.

Czyzyk A, Latacz J, Filipowicz D, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2017; (33(11)):836-839 doi:10.1080/09513590.2017.1337094.

Clinical Case Seminar: Postmenopausal androgen excess-challenges in diagnostic work-up and management of ovarian thecosis.

Mamoojee Y, Ganguri M, Taylor N, Quinton R

Clinical endocrinology 2018; (88(1)):13-20 doi:10.1111/cen.13492.

Value of selective venous catheterization in the diagnosis of hyperandrogenism.

Hickman LC, Goodman L, Falcone T

Fertility and sterility 2017; (108(6)):1085 doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.08.037.

Causes, Patterns, and Severity of Androgen Excess in 1205 Consecutively Recruited Women.

Elhassan YS, Idkowiak J, Smith K, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2018; (103(3)):1214-1223 doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02426.

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE Hyperandrogenic states in women: pitfalls in laboratory diagnosis.

Pugeat M, Plotton I, de la Perrière AB, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2018; (178(4)):R141-R154.

Diagnostic pitfalls in ovarian androgen-secreting (Leydig cell) tumours: case series.

Fanta M, Fischerová D, Indrielle-Kelly T, et al.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2019; (39(3)):359-364 doi:10.1080/01443615.2018.1517148.

Persistent Poor Metabolic Profile in Postmenopausal Women With Ovarian Hyperandrogenism After Testosterone Level Normalization.

Rocha T, Crespo RP, Yance VVR, et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2019; (3(5)):1087-1096 doi:10.1210/js.2018-00405.

Severe hyperandrogenism due to ovarian hyperthecosis in a young woman.

Goyal A, Malhotra R, Kulshrestha V, Kachhawa G

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(12)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-232783.

Ovarian Stromal Hyperplasia: A Rare Cause of Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism.

Lozoya Araque T, Monfort Ortiz IR, Martín González JE, et al.

Journal of menopausal medicine 2020; (26(1)):39-43 doi:10.6118/jmm.19012.

Androgen excess and diagnostic steroid biomarkers for nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency without cosyntropin stimulation.

Turcu AF, El-Maouche D, Zhao L, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2020; (183(1)):63-71.

Ciliated Carcinoma of the Endometrium.

Guerrieri C, Anderson P, Hudacko R

International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists 2021; (40(2)):141-147 doi:10.1097/PGP.0000000000000686.

A benign cause of hyperandrogenism in a postmenopausal woman.

Roque JJN, Alves IBS, Rodrigues AMAPF, Bugalho MJ

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2021; (2021()).

Hyperthecosis: an underestimated nontumorous cause of hyperandrogenism.

Meczekalski B, Szeliga A, Maciejewska-Jeske M, et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2021; (37(8)):677-682 doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.1903419.

Bilateral Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumors in a Postmenopausal Woman Causing Hirsutism and Virilization.

Shakir MKM, Snitchler AN, Vietor NO, et al.

AACE clinical case reports 2021; (7(1)):26-28 doi:10.1016/j.aace.2020.11.004.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism.

Yoldemir T

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2022; (25(2)):109-117 doi:10.1080/13697137.2021.1915273.

Approach to androgen excess in women: Clinical and biochemical insights.

Cussen L, McDonnell T, Bennett G, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2022; (97(2)):174-186 doi:10.1111/cen.14710.

Approach to Investigation of Hyperandrogenism in a Postmenopausal Woman.

Hirschberg AL

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2023; (108(5)):1243-1253 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac673.

Postmenopausal Hyperandrogenism due to Ovarian Hyperthecosis.

Metzker LS, Ferreira LAC, Borges JCN, et al.

Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology 2023; (2023()):2783464 doi:10.1155/2023/2783464.

Ovarian Leydig Cell Tumor and Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Postmenopausal Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Bužinskienė D, Marčiukaitytė R, Šidlovska E, Rudaitis V

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2023; (59(6)) doi:10.3390/medicina59061097.

Hyperandrogenism and Cardiometabolic Risk in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women-What Is the Evidence?

Hirschberg AL

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2024; (109(5)):1202-1213 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad590.

A Case of Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a Postmenopausal Woman.

Yousaf S, Nizar R, John L, Simpson A

JCEM case reports 2023; (1(6)):luad148 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luad148.

Ovarian Hyperthecosis in a 12-year-old Chinese Girl Presenting With Virilization.

Lai TS, Wong EW, Hui HF, Wong LM

JCEM case reports 2024; (2(1)):luad140 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luad140.

Postmenopausal onset of androgen excess: a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm based on extensive clinical experience.

Luque-Ramírez M, Nattero-Chávez L, Rodríguez-Rubio Corona C, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2024; (47(8)):2007-2020 doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02297-9.

Ovarian hyperthecosis in adolescent females: two case reports and a review of the literature.

Angley E, Vollenhoven B, White M

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2024; (37(9)):829-834 doi:10.1515/jpem-2024-0223.

Virilization, Ovarian Hyperthecosis, and Torsion Masquerading as Malignancy: A Case Report.

Morrison A, Wassmer T, Swauger S, et al.

Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology 2025; (38(3)):425-428 doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2024.12.005.

Approach to the Patient: Hirsutism.

Azziz R, Amiri M, Bril F, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2025; (110(10)):e3503-e3519 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf226.

Society for Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation of Androgen Excess in Women.

Elhassan YS, Hawley JM, Cussen L, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2025; (103(4)):540-566 doi:10.1111/cen.15265.

Ovarian Hyperthecosis Presenting With Postmenopausal Virilization and New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.

Knott JA, Morris J

JCEM case reports 2025; (3(7)):luaf118 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf118.

Ovarian stromal hyperthecosis: An underestimated virilizing disorder in postmenopausal women.

Boudaouara O, Sellami A, Roger P

Annales d'endocrinologie 2025; (86(5)):101800 doi:10.1016/j.ando.2025.101800.

Apparent Hyperandrogenemia Due to Immunoassay Interference Resolved by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Huang D, Guo Z, Fan J, et al.

JCEM case reports 2025; (3(8)):luaf140 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luaf140.

Postmenopausal ovarian hyperandrogenism of surgically treated patients: a case report and scoping review with individual patient's data analysis.

Forte A, D'Elia L, De Luca C, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2025; (16()):1495930 doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1495930.

Rare Conditions of Hyperandrogenism Through Lifespan: A Case Series.

Apostolopoulou M, Taayedi R, Sărac CP, Demtröder F

Case reports in endocrinology 2025; (2025()):8604843 doi:10.1155/crie/8604843.

Presumptive ovarian hyperthecosis in an adolescent girl with sustained remission after oral contraceptive therapy: a 23-year follow-up case report.

Frank GR

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2026; (39(7)):716-721 doi:10.1515/jpem-2026-0052.

Dual case insights shaping a new protocol for post-menopausal hirsutism.

Mohamed E, Sellicks J, Kitchener A, et al.

JCEM case reports 2026; (4(6)):luag087 doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luag087.