Research & Literature

Successful treatment of an adolescent with Naegleria fowleri primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Linam WM, Ahmed M, Cope JR, et al.

Pediatrics 2015; (135(3)):e744-8 doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2292.

Naegleria fowleri: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Grace E, Asbill S, Virga K

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2015; (59(11)):6677-81 doi:10.1128/AAC.01293-15.

Prevalence of Naegleria fowleri in Environmental Samples from Northern Part of India.

Panda A, Khalil S, Mirdha BR, et al.

PloS one 2015; (10(10)):e0137736 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137736.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

Gupta R, Parashar MK, Kale A

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India 2015; (63(4)):69-71.

Use of the Novel Therapeutic Agent Miltefosine for the Treatment of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: Report of 1 Fatal and 1 Surviving Case.

Cope JR, Conrad DA, Cohen N, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2016; (62(6)):774-6 doi:10.1093/cid/civ1021.

Naegleria fowleri That Induces Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis: Rapid Diagnosis and Rare Case of Survival in a 12-Year-Old Caucasian Girl.

Dunn AL, Reed T, Stewart C, Levy RA

Laboratory medicine 2016; (47(2)):149-54 doi:10.1093/labmed/lmw008.

Naegleria fowleri: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology of Brain Inflammation, and Antimicrobial Treatments.

Pugh JJ, Levy RA

ACS chemical neuroscience 2016; (7(9)):1178-9 doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00232.

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: What Have We Learned in the Last 5 Years?

Cope JR, Ali IK

Current infectious disease reports 2016; (18(10)):31 doi:10.1007/s11908-016-0539-4.

Surviving Naegleria fowleri infections: A successful case report and novel therapeutic approach.

Heggie TW, Küpper T

Travel medicine and infectious disease 2017; (16()):49-51 doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.12.005.

Identification of Naegleria fowleri proteins linked to primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

Jamerson M, Schmoyer JA, Park J, et al.

Microbiology (Reading, England) 2017; (163(3)):322-332 doi:10.1099/mic.0.000428.

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis in Children: A Report of Two Fatal Cases and Review of the Literature.

Stowe RC, Pehlivan D, Friederich KE, et al.

Pediatric neurology 2017; (70()):75-79 doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2017.02.004.

A case report: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a young Zambian adult.

Chomba M, Mucheleng'anga LA, Fwoloshi S, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2017; (17(1)):532 doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2638-8.

Case Series of Naegleria fowleri Primary Ameobic Meningoencephalitis from Karachi, Pakistan.

Ghanchi NK, Jamil B, Khan E, et al.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2017; (97(5)):1600-1602 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0110.

Identification of cysteine protease inhibitors as new drug leads against Naegleria fowleri.

Zyserman I, Mondal D, Sarabia F, et al.

Experimental parasitology 2018; (188()):36-41 doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2018.03.010.

Identification and molecular typing of Naegleria fowleri from a patient with primary amebic meningoencephalitis in China.

Zhang LL, Wu M, Hu BC, et al.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 2018; (72()):28-33 doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2018.05.001.

A case of Naegleria fowleri related primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in China diagnosed by next-generation sequencing.

Wang Q, Li J, Ji J, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2018; (18(1)):349 doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3261-z.

A local case of fulminant primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri.

McLaughlin A, O'Gorman T

Rural and remote health 2019; (19(2)):4313 doi:10.22605/RRH4313.

trans-Cinnamic Acid Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Therapeutics against Brain-Eating Amoeba Naegleria fowleri.

Rajendran K, Anwar A, Khan NA, et al.

ACS chemical neuroscience 2019; (10(6)):2692-2696 doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00111.

Killer amoebas: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a changing climate.

Cooper AM, Aouthmany S, Shah K, Rega PP

JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants 2019; (32(6)):30-35 doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000558238.99250.4a.

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: A Case Report.

Chen M, Ruan W, Zhang L, et al.

The Korean journal of parasitology 2019; (57(3)):291-294 doi:10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.291.

Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review.

Jahangeer M, Mahmood Z, Munir N, et al.

Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology 2020; (47(2)):199-212 doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13192.

Nanopore sequencing improves the draft genome of the human pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri.

Liechti N, Schürch N, Bruggmann R, Wittwer M

Scientific reports 2019; (9(1)):16040 doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52572-0.

A case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri in Bangladesh.

Sazzad HMS, Luby SP, Sejvar J, et al.

Parasitology research 2020; (119(1)):339-344 doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06463-y.

Is Naegleria fowleri an Emerging Parasite?

Maciver SK, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J

Trends in parasitology 2020; (36(1)):19-28 doi:10.1016/j.pt.2019.10.008.

Battling brain-eating amoeba: Enigmas surrounding immunity to Naegleria fowleri.

Moseman EA

PLoS pathogens 2020; (16(4)):e1008406 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1008406.

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria fowleri: A Global Review.

Gharpure R, Bliton J, Goodman A, et al.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2021; (73(1)):e19-e27 doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa520.

Inhibition of Fatty Acid Oxidation as a New Target To Treat Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

Sarink MJ, Tielens AGM, Verbon A, et al.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2020; (64(8)) doi:10.1128/AAC.00344-20.

A Fatal Case of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis from Recreational Waters.

Hamaty E, Faiek S, Nandi M, et al.

Case reports in critical care 2020; (2020()):9235794 doi:10.1155/2020/9235794.

A Fatal Case of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) Complicated with Diabetes Insipidus (DI): A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Mushtaq MZ, Mahmood SBZ, Aziz A

Case reports in infectious diseases 2020; (2020()):4925819 doi:10.1155/2020/4925819.

Survival of primary amebic meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: First reported case from Tamil Nadu, South India.

Perumalsamy V, Sundaramoorthy R, Ganesan V, Geni VG

Tropical parasitology 2020; (10(2)):150-152 doi:10.4103/tp.TP_34_19.

Naegleria fowleri: Protein structures to facilitate drug discovery for the deadly, pathogenic free-living amoeba.

Tillery L, Barrett K, Goldstein J, et al.

PloS one 2021; (16(3)):e0241738 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241738.

Death From Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis After Recreational Water Exposure During Recent Travel to India-Santa Clara County, California, 2020.

Harris GR, Karmarkar EN, Quenelle R, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2021; (8(8)):ofab322 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab322.

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: Pathogenesis and Treatments.

Güémez A, García E

Biomolecules 2021; (11(9)) doi:10.3390/biom11091320.

Various brain-eating amoebae: the protozoa, the pathogenesis, and the disease.

Zhang H, Cheng X

Frontiers of medicine 2021; (15(6)):842-866 doi:10.1007/s11684-021-0865-2.

A pediatric case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri diagnosed by next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples.

Huang S, Liang X, Han Y, et al.

BMC infectious diseases 2021; (21(1)):1251 doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06932-9.

External ventricular drainage for intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury: is it really useful?

Moyer JD, Elouahmani S, Codorniu A, et al.

European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society 2023; (49(3)):1227-1234 doi:10.1007/s00068-022-01903-4.

Central nervous system infections caused by pathogenic free-living amoebae: An Indian perspective.

Raju R, Khurana S, Mahadevan A, John DV

Tropical biomedicine 2022; (39(2)):265-280 doi:10.47665/tb.39.2.017.

Genotyping and Molecular Identification of Acanthamoeba Genotype T4 and Naegleria fowleri from Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples of Patients in Turkey: Is it the Pathogens of Unknown Causes of Death?

Aykur M, Dirim Erdogan D, Selvi Gunel N, et al.

Acta parasitologica 2022; (67(3)):1372-1383 doi:10.1007/s11686-022-00597-3.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in children- report of two cases from South India.

Joseph RB, Rauf A, Chettali AM, et al.

Tropical doctor 2022; (52(4)):553-555 doi:10.1177/00494755221097046.

Amebic infections of the central nervous system.

Berger JR

Journal of neurovirology 2022; (28(4-6)):467-472 doi:10.1007/s13365-022-01096-x.

Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by a Clinical Isolate of Naegleria fowleri and Identification of Immunogenic Components within Their Protein Cargo.

Retana Moreira L, Steller Espinoza MF, Chacón Camacho N, et al.

Biology 2022; (11(7)) doi:10.3390/biology11070983.

Role of cathepsin B of Naegleria fowleri during primary amebic meningoencephalitis.

Rodríguez-Mera IB, Carrasco-Yépez MM, Vásquez-Moctezuma I, et al.

Parasitology research 2022; (121(11)):3287-3303 doi:10.1007/s00436-022-07660-y.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis.

Rojo JU, Rajendran R, Salazar JH

Laboratory medicine 2023; (54(5)):e124-e132 doi:10.1093/labmed/lmac158.

Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment.

Haston JC, Cope JR

Current opinion in infectious diseases 2023; (36(3)):186-191 doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000923.

The Brief Case: A Case of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) after Exposure at a Splash Pad.

Eger L, Pence MA

Journal of clinical microbiology 2023; (61(7)):e0126922 doi:10.1128/jcm.01269-22.

Can Amphotericin B-mediated effects be limited using intranasal versus intravenous route?

Siddiqui R, Yee Ong TY, Maciver S, Khan NA

Therapeutic delivery 2023; (14(8)):485-490 doi:10.4155/tde-2023-0032.

High-Throughput Screen of Microbial Metabolites Identifies F1FO ATP Synthase Inhibitors as New Leads for Naegleria fowleri Infection.

Yuan A, Fong H, Nguyen JV, et al.

ACS infectious diseases 2023; (9(12)):2622-2631 doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00437.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis: a review of Naegleria fowleri and analysis of successfully treated cases.

Hall AD, Kumar JE, Golba CE, et al.

Parasitology research 2024; (123(1)):84 doi:10.1007/s00436-023-08094-w.

Successful Treatment of Confirmed Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis.

Burqi AMK, Satti L, Mahboob S, et al.

Emerging infectious diseases 2024; (30(4)):803-805 doi:10.3201/eid3004.230979.

Noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers, genomic profiling, and advanced microscopic imaging in the early detection and characterization of Naegleria fowleri infections leading to primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

Shaukat A, Khaliq N, Riaz R, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2024; (86(4)):2032-2048 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000001843.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis in children: A case report and literature review.

Song B, Zheng J, Zhao D

IDCases 2024; (37()):e02028 doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02028.

Fatal Case of Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis from Indoor Surfing Center, Taiwan, 2023.

Wei HY, Lai YW, Li SY, et al.

Emerging infectious diseases 2024; (30(9)):1922-1925 doi:10.3201/eid3009.231604.

Enlightening the promising role of nanoparticle-based treatments against Naegleria fowleri-induced primary amoebic meningoencephalitis: A brain-eating disease.

Jhulki S, Bhowmik B, Pal A

Microbial pathogenesis 2025; (199()):107234 doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107234.

Naegleria fowleri: Portrait of a Cerebral Killer.

Phung NTN, Pham HT, Tran TT, et al.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) 2025; (15(1)) doi:10.3390/diagnostics15010089.

Advancing the understanding of Naegleria fowleri: Global epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis, and strategies to combat a deadly pathogen.

Alanazi A, Younas S, Ejaz H, et al.

Journal of infection and public health 2025; (18(4)):102690 doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2025.102690.

Timing of neurosurgical interventions for intracranial hypertension: the intensivists' and neurosurgeons' view.

Lin V, Hutchinson PJ, Kolias A, et al.

Current opinion in critical care 2025; (31(2)):137-148 doi:10.1097/MCC.0000000000001243.

[NAEGLERIA FOWLERI AMOEBA MENINGITIS - REVIEW AND UPDATE].

Edelman L, Tocut M, Zandman-Goddard G

Harefuah 2025; (164(4)):256-259.

Challenges and Strategies in Managing Naegleria fowleri-Associated Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in Pakistan: A Case Report.

Zaman M, Fida T, Haris HM, et al.

Acta parasitologica 2025; (70(4)):150 doi:10.1007/s11686-025-01091-2.