Research & Literature

Propranolol and prednisolone combination for the treatment of segmental haemangioma in PHACES syndrome.

Gnarra M, Solman L, Harper J, Batul Syed S

The British journal of dermatology 2015; (173(1)):242-6 doi:10.1111/bjd.13588.

PHACE(S) Syndrome With Absent Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery and Anomalous Circle of Willis.

Winter PR, Itinteang T, Leadbitter P, et al.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2015; (26(4)):e315-7 doi:10.1097/SCS.0000000000001701.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Headaches in PHACE Syndrome.

Yu J, Siegel DH, Drolet BA, et al.

Journal of child neurology 2016; (31(4)):468-73 doi:10.1177/0883073815599261.

Orbital Hemangioma with Intracranial Vascular Anomalies and Hemangiomas: A New Presentation of PHACE Syndrome?

Antonov NK, Spence-Shishido A, Marathe KS, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2015; (32(6)):e267-72 doi:10.1111/pde.12695.

PHACE(S) syndrome.

Heyer GL

Handbook of clinical neurology 2015; (132()):169-83.

PHACE syndrome and congenitally absent thyroid gland at MR imaging.

Mamlouk MD, Yu JP, Asch S, Mathes EF

Clinical imaging 2016; (40(2)):237-40.

PHACE syndrome is associated with intracranial cavernous malformations.

Foster KA, Ares WJ, Tempel ZJ, et al.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2016; (32(8)):1463-9 doi:10.1007/s00381-016-3097-z.

Aortic arch repair in children with PHACE syndrome.

Caragher SP, Scott JP, Siegel DH, et al.

The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 2016; (152(3)):709-17.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children with PHACE Syndrome.

Brosig CL, Siegel DH, Haggstrom AN, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2016; (33(4)):415-23 doi:10.1111/pde.12870.

Safety of Oral Propranolol for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma: A Systematic Review.

Léaute-Labrèze C, Boccara O, Degrugillier-Chopinet C, et al.

Pediatrics 2016; (138(4)).

Multiple Pathological Ocular Findings in a Patient With PHACE Syndrome.

Biler ED, Uretmen O

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus 2016; (53()):e72-e74 doi:10.3928/01913913-20161102-03.

Aortic arch tortuosity with PHACE syndrome - a rare case scenario.

Sharma B, Reddy AK, Ganigara M, et al.

Images in paediatric cardiology 2016; (18(2)):1-4.

Asymmetric Meckel Cave Enlargement: A Potential Marker of PHACES Syndrome.

Wright JN, Wycoco V

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2017; (38(6)):1223-1227 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5140.

Use of propranolol in a remote region of rural Guatemala to treat a large facial infantile haemangioma.

Goldberg V, Martinez B, Cnop K, Rohloff P

BMJ case reports 2017; (2017()) doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-219782.

PHACE(S) syndrome: Report of a case with new ocular and systemic manifestations.

Assari R, Ziaee V, Moghimi S, et al.

Journal of current ophthalmology 2017; (29(2)):136-138 doi:10.1016/j.joco.2016.10.005.

Moyamoya Vasculopathy in PHACE Syndrome: Six New Cases and Review of the Literature.

Tortora D, Severino M, Accogli A, et al.

World neurosurgery 2017; (108()):291-302 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.176.

Structural malformations of the brain, eye, and pituitary gland in PHACE syndrome.

Steiner JE, McCoy GN, Hess CP, et al.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A 2018; (176(1)):48-55 doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.38523.

Hearing loss in PHACE syndrome: clinical and radiologic findings.

Mamlouk MD, Zimmerman B, Mathes EF, Rosbe KW

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2018; (34(9)):1717-1724 doi:10.1007/s00381-018-3822-x.

Oral propranolol in the treatment of proliferating infantile haemangiomas: British Society for Paediatric Dermatology consensus guidelines.

Solman L, Glover M, Beattie PE, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2018; (179(3)):582-589 doi:10.1111/bjd.16779.

Infantile hemangioma with minimal or arrested growth as the skin manifestation of PHACE syndrome.

Valdivielso-Ramos M, Torrelo A, Martin-Santiago A, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2018; (35(5)):622-627 doi:10.1111/pde.13597.

Ocular Complications in PHACE Syndrome: A True Association or a Coincidence?

Samuelov L, Kinori M, Mancini AJ, et al.

The Journal of pediatrics 2019; (204()):214-218.e2 doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.031.

PHACE syndrome: Infantile hemangiomas associated with multiple congenital anomalies: Clues to the cause.

Siegel DH

American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics 2018; (178(4)):407-413 doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31659.

Moyamoya syndrome and PHACE syndrome: clinical and radiographic characterization of the intracranial arteriopathy and response to surgical revascularization.

Jernigan S, Storey A, Hammer C, et al.

Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics 2019; (23(4)):493-497 doi:10.3171/2018.10.PEDS18582.

Persistent stapedial artery in PHACE syndrome.

Quatre R, Manipoud P, Schmerber S

European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases 2019; (136(3)):215-217 doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2019.02.015.

Endocrine manifestations of PHACE syndrome.

Bongsebandhu-Phubhakdi C, Tempark T, Supornsilchai V

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2019; (32(8)):797-802.

A case of PHACE syndrome with growth hormone deficiency and abnormal thyroid functions.

Bongsebandhu-Phubhakdi C, Tempark T, Jakchairoongruang K, Supornsilpchai V

Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM 2019; (32(11)):1283-1286.

Evaluating the Safety of Oral Propranolol Therapy in Patients With PHACE Syndrome.

Olsen GM, Hansen LM, Stefanko NS, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2020; (156(2)):186-190 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.3839.

PHACE Syndrome: A Rare Case.

Taslicay CA, Dervisoglu E, Ciftci E, et al.

Journal of pediatric genetics 2020; (9(1)):27-31 doi:10.1055/s-0039-1694705.

Frey syndrome-like developmental dysautonomia in a child with PHACE syndrome.

Kurian SR, Siegfried EC

Pediatric dermatology 2020; (37(3)):568-569 doi:10.1111/pde.14125.

Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Use of Early Supportive Measures in PHACE Syndrome: A European Multinational Observational Study.

Disse SC, Toelle SP, Schroeder S, et al.

Neuroepidemiology 2020; (54(5)):383-391 doi:10.1159/000508187.

Fetal neuroimaging findings in PHACE syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Sepulveda W, Sepulveda F

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 2022; (35(14)):2751-2758 doi:10.1080/14767058.2020.1799349.

Sternal cleft and segmental facial hemangiomas in children with phaces syndrome: effectiveness and safety of conservative management and surgical correction.

Benzar IM, Levytskyi AF, Pylypko VM

Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960) 2020; (73(6)):1267-1271.

Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion for PHACE Syndrome.

Mamlouk MD, Vossough A, Caschera L, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2021; (42(1)):173-177 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6871.

PHACES Syndrome with Intestinal Hemangioma Causing Recurrent Intussusceptions: A Case Report and Literature Review of Associated Intestinal Hemangioma.

Al-Musalhi B, Al-Balushi Z

Oman medical journal 2020; (35(6)):e204 doi:10.5001/omj.2020.99.

PHACE Syndrome Presenting With Retinal Degeneration, Cortical Dysplasia, Microphthalmia, and Atrial Septal Defect in a South Asian Boy.

Dayasiri K, Thadchanamoorthy V

Cureus 2021; (13(1)):e12928 doi:10.7759/cureus.12928.

Nd:YAG laser in association with pulsed dye laser for the treatment of PHACES syndrome.

Negosanti F, Silvestri M, Bennardo L, et al.

Dermatology reports 2021; (13(1)):8751 doi:10.4081/dr.2021.8751.

PHACES Syndrome and Associated Anomalies: Risk Associated With Small and Large Facial Hemangiomas.

Proisy M, Powell J, McCuaig C, et al.

AJR. American journal of roentgenology 2021; (217(2)):507-514 doi:10.2214/AJR.20.23488.

Neuroaxial Infantile Hemangiomas: Imaging Manifestations and Association with Hemangioma Syndromes.

Feygin T, Goldman-Yassen AE, Licht DJ, et al.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology 2021; (42(8)):1520-1527 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A7204.

Phace Syndrome in Children: Two Case Reports.

Imrani K, El Haddad S, Allali N, Chat L

Radiology case reports 2021; (16(12)):3882-3886 doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2021.09.023.

Ophthalmic involvement in PHACES syndrome: prevalence, spectrum of anomalies, and outcomes.

Soliman SE, Wan MJ, Pennal A, et al.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2022; (26(3)):129.e1-129.e7 doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.011.

Sirolimus for diffuse intestinal infantile hemangioma with PHACE features: systematic review.

Kleinman EP, Blei F, Adams D, Greenberger S

Pediatric research 2023; (93(6)):1470-1479 doi:10.1038/s41390-022-02325-z.

Surgical repair of interrupted right-sided cervical aortic arch with hypoplasia of the descending thoracic aorta in a child with PHACE syndrome.

Al Kindi H, Mohsen A, Zacharias S, Maddali MM

European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 2023; (63(5)) doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezad171.

Long-term follow-up of patients with extensive segmental infantile hemangioma of the cervical or facial region: A French single-center prospective study.

Lamotte M, Paris C, Euvrard E, et al.

Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie 2023; (30(6)):366-371 doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2023.03.009.

PHACE(S) Syndrome with Ocular Involvements and No Periocular Hemangioma.

Kalambe AS, Sugihara K, Yamamoto K, et al.

Case reports in ophthalmology 2023; (14(1)):477-483 doi:10.1159/000533887.

Multicenter Study of Long-Term Outcomes and Quality of Life in PHACE Syndrome after Age 10.

Braun M, Frieden IJ, Siegel DH, et al.

The Journal of pediatrics 2024; (267()):113907 doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113907.

PHACE syndrome: a case report and a comprehensive review.

William M, Bhusal A, Umar SM, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2024; (86(4)):2286-2291 doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000001759.

Long-term clinical and radiological trajectories of craniocervical vasculopathy in children with PHACE syndrome.

Hausman-Kedem M, Widjaja E, Vieira Neto RJ, et al.

Developmental medicine and child neurology 2024; (66(10)):1348-1360 doi:10.1111/dmcn.15916.

PHACE syndrome: A review.

Keith L

Seminars in pediatric neurology 2024; (51()):101152 doi:10.1016/j.spen.2024.101152.

Oral propranolol and its impact on vital signs in hospitalized pediatric patients for the Management of Infantile Hemangiomas.

Rypka K, Bellefeuille G, Wendland Z, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2025; (42(2)):245-250 doi:10.1111/pde.15740.

A Multimodal Approach to a Complex PHACES Patient With Progressive Infantile Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Hicks ED, Hameed M, Shahare H, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(3)):e80261 doi:10.7759/cureus.80261.

PHACE syndrome: looking backward and forward.

Zhang K, Xiang S, Zhou J, et al.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases 2025; (20(1)):345 doi:10.1186/s13023-025-03899-7.

Facing PHACES Syndrome; Anesthesiologist's Point of View.

Abtahi D, Shakeri A, Tajbakhsh A

Anesthesiology and pain medicine 2023; (13(6)):e141896 doi:10.5812/aapm-141896.

Multi-center study of long-term evolution of neuroimaging findings in PHACE syndrome.

George E, Braun M, Vassar R, et al.

European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society 2026; (61()):1-7 doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2026.02.004.

PHACE (Posterior Fossa Brain Malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial Anomalies, Cardiac Defects, and Eye Abnormalities) Syndrome in a Newborn With Bilateral Ocular Hemangiomas: The Importance of Early Recognition and Multidisciplinary Management.

Overholt CM, Middleton ML, Lossius MN, Gonzalez JC

Cureus 2026; (18(3)):e106213 doi:10.7759/cureus.106213.

Tailored strategies for recurrent aortic coarctation in a pediatric patient with Pascual-Castroviejo type II syndrome and Moyamoya Syndrome.

Ripoli F, Giordano M, Gaio G, et al.

Annals of pediatric cardiology 2026; (19(1)):68-71 doi:10.4103/apc.apc_265_25.

PHACE syndrome with severe aortic arch tortuosity: a case report.

Masuda Y, Ogino K, Hayashi T, Waki K

European heart journal. Case reports 2026; (10(7)):ytag486 doi:10.1093/ehjcr/ytag486.

PHACE syndrome in an infant: the importance of multidisciplinary screening in extensive facial infantile haemangiomas.

Lopez Carrera YI, Valdez Maya A, Ortiz Farris M

BMJ case reports 2026; (19(8)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2026-273029.

PHACE syndrome: a systematic literature review and illustrative case report of a patient with severe cerebrovascular and neurodevelopmental sequelae.

Gnazzo M, Caiazza L, Sirocchi C, et al.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2026; (47(10)).