Research & Literature

Severe hyponatraemia with absence of hyperkalaemia in rapidly progressive Addison's disease.

Thompson MD, Kalmar E, Bowden SA

BMJ case reports 2015; (2015()).

INCREASING PREVALENCE OF ADDISON DISEASE: RESULTS FROM A NATIONWIDE STUDY.

Olafsson AS, Sigurjonsdottir HA

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2016; (22(1)):30-5 doi:10.4158/EP15754.OR.

Recurrent nocturnal hypoglycaemia as a cause of morning fatigue in treated Addison's disease--favourable response to dietary management: a case report.

Petersen KS, Rushworth RL, Clifton PM, Torpy DJ

BMC endocrine disorders 2015; (15()):61 doi:10.1186/s12902-015-0058-6.

Polymorphisms of the GR and HSD11B1 genes influence body mass index and weight gain during hormone replacement treatment in patients with Addison's disease.

Molnár Á, Kövesdi A, Szücs N, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2016; (85(2)):180-8 doi:10.1111/cen.13022.

Anorexia nervosa: a mistaken diagnosis.

Nicholls K, Boggis N, Pandya N

BMJ case reports 2016; (2016()).

From Appearance of Adrenal Autoantibodies to Clinical Symptoms of Addison's Disease: Natural History.

Betterle C, Garelli S, Presotto F, Furmaniak J

Frontiers of hormone research 2016; (46()):133-45 doi:10.1159/000443872.

Extended exome sequencing identifies BACH2 as a novel major risk locus for Addison's disease.

Eriksson D, Bianchi M, Landegren N, et al.

Journal of internal medicine 2016; (280(6)):595-608 doi:10.1111/joim.12569.

SOCIETY FOR ENDOCRINOLOGY ENDOCRINE EMERGENCY GUIDANCE: Emergency management of acute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis) in adult patients.

Arlt W,

Endocrine connections 2016; (5(5)):G1-G3 doi:10.1530/EC-16-0054.

Conduct protocol in emergency: Acute adrenal insufficiency.

Fares AB, Santos RA

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2016; (62(8)):728-734 doi:10.1590/1806-9282.62.08.728.

An Addison disease revealed with a serious hyponatremia.

Maguet H, Carreau A, Hautefeuille S, et al.

Annales de biologie clinique 2017; (75(1)):87-91 doi:10.1684/abc.2016.1212.

The Key to Adrenal Insufficiency Education: Repetition, Repetition, Repetition.

Keil MF, Van Ryzin C

Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER 2017; (14(Suppl 2)):448-453 doi:10.17458/per.vol14.2017.kr.keyadrenalinsufficiency.

The Yin and Yang Between Plasma Glucose Levels and Cortisol Replacement Therapy in Schmidt's Syndrome.

Newton CA, Sheehan E, Wyne K, et al.

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports 2017; (5(3)):2324709617716203 doi:10.1177/2324709617716203.

Vertebral fractures assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in patients with Addison's disease on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement therapy.

Camozzi V, Betterle C, Frigo AC, et al.

Endocrine 2018; (59(2)):319-329 doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1380-8.

Addison's Disease: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Afroz S, Bain S

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ 2017; (26(3)):671-675.

Clues for early detection of autoimmune Addison's disease - myths and realities.

Saevik ÅB, Åkerman AK, Grønning K, et al.

Journal of internal medicine 2018; (283(2)):190-199 doi:10.1111/joim.12699.

Adrenal crisis after first infusion of zoledronic acid: a case report.

Smrecnik M, Kavcic Trsinar Z, Kocjan T

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA 2018; (29(7)):1675-1678 doi:10.1007/s00198-018-4508-7.

Therapeutic patient education in adrenal insufficiency.

Guignat L

Annales d'endocrinologie 2018; (79(3)):167-173 doi:10.1016/j.ando.2018.03.002.

Adrenal crisis in a 14-year-old boy 12 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Penger T, Albrecht A, Marx M, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2018; (2018()).

Acute Adrenal Insufficiency in the Perioperative Period: A Case Report.

Karamchandani K, Leathem J, Sinz EH

A&A practice 2019; (12(3)):63-65 doi:10.1213/XAA.0000000000000846.

Primary adrenal insufficiency in children: Diagnosis and management.

Kirkgoz T, Guran T

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2018; (32(4)):397-424 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2018.05.010.

The Importance of Computed Tomography Findings in Detecting Tuberculous Addison's Disease.

Ferreira S, Freitas-Silva M

European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2017; (4(7)):000622 doi:10.12890/2017_000622.

Addison's Disease Caused by Tuberculosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Difficulties.

van Haren Noman S, Visser H, Muller AF, Limonard GJ

European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2018; (5(8)):000911 doi:10.12890/2018_000911.

Case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2: how we uncovered the diagnosis.

Arya P V A, Kumar J, Unnikrishnan D, Raj R

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(2)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-227187.

Improving glucocorticoid replacement profiles in adrenal insufficiency.

Choudhury S, Lightman S, Meeran K

Clinical endocrinology 2019; (91(3)):367-371 doi:10.1111/cen.13999.

Neuropsychiatric Manifestation of Addison's Disease: A Rare Case Report.

Munawar M, Iftikhar PM, Hasan CA, et al.

Cureus 2019; (11(4)):e4356 doi:10.7759/cureus.4356.

Addison Disease: The First Presentation of the Condition May be at Autopsy.

Kemp WL, Koponen MA, Meyers SE

Academic forensic pathology 2016; (6(2)):249-257 doi:10.23907/2016.026.

Primary adrenal insufficiency in the United States: diagnostic error and patient satisfaction with treatment.

Regan EA, Vaidya A, Margulies PL, et al.

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany) 2019; (6(4)):343-350 doi:10.1515/dx-2019-0013.

Addison's disease in pregnancy: Case report, management, and review of the literature.

Margulies SL, Corrigan K, Bathgate S, Macri C

Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine 2020; (13(2)):275-278 doi:10.3233/NPM-190231.

Detecting adrenal insufficiency in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and transplant recipients qualified for glucocorticoid withdrawal.

Pokrzywa A, Ambroziak U, Foroncewicz B, et al.

Polish archives of internal medicine 2019; (129(12)):874-882 doi:10.20452/pamw.15091.

A Challenging diagnosis that eventually results in a life-threatening condition: Addison's disease and adrenal crisis.

Joersjö P, Block L

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(12)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-231858.

Guidelines for the management of glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period for patients with adrenal insufficiency: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians and the Society for Endocrinology UK.

Woodcock T, Barker P, Daniel S, et al.

Anaesthesia 2020; (75(5)):654-663 doi:10.1111/anae.14963.

Autoimmune Addison's disease.

Saverino S, Falorni A

Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism 2020; (34(1)):101379 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101379.

Novel ABCD1 Gene Mutation in a Korean Patient with X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Presenting with Addison's Disease.

Cho YK, Lee SY, Kim SW

Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) 2020; (35(1)):188-191 doi:10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.188.

Guidance for the prevention and emergency management of adult patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Simpson H, Tomlinson J, Wass J, et al.

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2020; (20(4)):371-378 doi:10.7861/clinmed.2019-0324.

A rare simultaneous manifestation of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II.

Dick M, Croxson M

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2020; (2020()).

Improved Urinary Cortisol Metabolome in Addison Disease: A Prospective Trial of Dual-Release Hydrocortisone.

Espiard S, McQueen J, Sherlock M, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2021; (106(3)):814-825 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa862.

[Assessment of autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase in the diagnosis of primary autoimmune adrenal insufficiency].

Sozaeva LS, Makazan NV, Nikankina LV, et al.

Problemy endokrinologii 2020; (65(6)):466-473 doi:10.14341/probl12106.

Adrenal insufficiency.

Husebye ES, Pearce SH, Krone NP, Kämpe O

Lancet (London, England) 2021; (397(10274)):613-629 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00136-7.

Reversible cerebellar ataxia and bipolar disorder secondary to tuberculous adrenalitis.

Abdulla MC

International journal of mycobacteriology 2021; (10(1)):79-81 doi:10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_201_20.

Addison's Disease: A Diagnosis Easy to Overlook.

Mosca AM, Barbosa M, Araújo R, Santos MJ

Cureus 2021; (13(2)):e13364 doi:10.7759/cureus.13364.

Addison's disease associated with hypokalemia: a case report.

Abdalla M, Dave JA, Ross IL

Journal of medical case reports 2021; (15(1)):131 doi:10.1186/s13256-021-02724-6.

Functional tests to guide management in an adult with loss of function of type-1 angiotensin II receptor.

Viering DHHM, Bech AP, de Baaij JHF, et al.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) 2021; (36(9)):2731-2737 doi:10.1007/s00467-021-05018-7.

Latent Adrenal Insufficiency: From Concept to Diagnosis.

Younes N, Bourdeau I, Lacroix A

Frontiers in endocrinology 2021; (12()):720769 doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.720769.

A Case of Severe Hyponatremia in a Patient With Primary Adrenal Insufficiency.

Shanthosh Kumar S, Nagesh VK, Hunter J, Sange I

Cureus 2021; (13(9)):e17946 doi:10.7759/cureus.17946.

The natural history of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies in autoimmune Addison's disease.

Wolff AB, Breivik L, Hufthammer KO, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2021; (184(4)):607-615 doi:10.1530/EJE-20-1268.

Challenging Diagnosis of Addison's Disease Presenting with Adrenal Crisis.

Wina Dharmesti NW, Saraswati MR, Suastika K, et al.

Case reports in endocrinology 2021; (2021()):7137950 doi:10.1155/2021/7137950.

Bilateral adrenal masses due to tuberculosis: how to diagnose without extra-adrenal tuberculosis.

Tran NQ, Phan CC, Doan TTP, Tran TV

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2021; (2021()).

Should Dehydroepiandrosterone Be Administered to Women?

Wierman ME, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2022; (107(6)):1679-1685 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac130.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Organic Delusional Disorder due to Tuberculous Adrenalitis.

Govind P, Subramanian K, Kumar S

Case reports in psychiatry 2022; (2022()):5056976 doi:10.1155/2022/5056976.

Cognitive dysfunction in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency: A systematic review.

Ramos-Leví AM, Cañada E, Matias-Guiu JA

Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2023; (30(6)):802-813 doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2090256.

Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature.

Mofokeng TRP, Beshyah SA, Ross IL

International journal of endocrinology 2022; (2022()):8907864 doi:10.1155/2022/8907864.

[Just Anorexia?]

Schafroth C, Oestmann A

Praxis 2022; (111(12)):707-709 doi:10.1024/1661-8157/a003899.

Trabecular bone score and sclerostin concentrations in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency.

Zdrojowy-Wełna A, Halupczok-Żyła J, Słoka N, et al.

Frontiers in endocrinology 2022; (13()):996157 doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.996157.

Acute Mania and Psychosis in the Context of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Ovakimyan A, Patel NA, Brown NJ, et al.

Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology 2023; (36(2)):85-92 doi:10.1097/WNN.0000000000000340.

Current Screening Strategies for the Diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency in Children.

Bowden SA

Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics 2023; (14()):117-130 doi:10.2147/PHMT.S334576.

Acute Mania in a Patient With Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to Autoimmune Adrenalitis: A Case Report.

Brown NJ, Wang A, Fote G, et al.

Journal of psychiatric practice 2023; (29(3)):260-263 doi:10.1097/PRA.0000000000000711.

A case report on autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 with pernicious anemia.

Arram N, Riyaz R, Khatroth S, Shrestha AB

Clinical case reports 2023; (11(6)):e7413 doi:10.1002/ccr3.7413.

Adrenal crisis as initial manifestation of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage due to antiphospholipid syndrome: A case report.

Diana H, Diana R, Daniela R, Oscar L

SAGE open medical case reports 2023; (11()):2050313X231181653 doi:10.1177/2050313X231181653.

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Acute Progressive Systemic Inflammation Accompanied by Latent Tuberculosis: A Case Report.

Nishikawa K, Nitta M, Tanaka S, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(11)):e48695 doi:10.7759/cureus.48695.

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease) Presenting as Sun Tan-Like Skin Pigmentation: A Case Report.

Bondagji MF, Qul H, Nahhas A, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(12)):e49837 doi:10.7759/cureus.49837.

Performance of renin assays in selecting fludrocortisone dose in children with adrenal disorders.

Morris TJ, Whatmore A, Hamilton L, et al.

Endocrine connections 2024; (13(2)).

Utilizing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and its ratio for detecting mild autonomous cortisol excess in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.

Al-Waeli D, Alidrisi H, Mansour A

Journal of medicine and life 2023; (16(10)):1456-1461 doi:10.25122/jml-2023-0092.

Aging induces region-specific dysregulation of hormone synthesis in the primate adrenal gland.

Wang Q, Wang X, Liu B, et al.

Nature aging 2024; (4(3)):396-413 doi:10.1038/s43587-024-00588-1.

[Diagnosis and etiology of primary adrenal insufficiency].

Dusaulcy R, Mavromati M, Spoerl D

Revue medicale suisse 2024; (20(868)):694-698 doi:10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.868.694.

Easily misdiagnosed X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

Wang QH, Wang YY, Wang J, et al.

Italian journal of pediatrics 2024; (50(1)):124 doi:10.1186/s13052-024-01669-y.

Primary bilateral adrenal tuberculosis with Addison's disease: A case report.

Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang N

Urology case reports 2024; (56()):102837 doi:10.1016/j.eucr.2024.102837.

Plasma Renin: A Useful Marker for Mineralocorticoid Adjustment in Patients With Primary Adrenal Insufficiency.

Piazzola C, Dreves B, Albarel F, et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2024; (8(11)):bvae174 doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae174.

Adrenocortical insufficiency after bilateral adrenal hemorrhage due to anticoagulation and chronic immunothrombocytopenia.

Hintze SC, Beuschlein F

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2024; (2024(4)).

Treatment and Prevention of Adrenal Crisis and Family Education

Çamtosun E, Sangün Ö

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2025; (17(Suppl 1)):80-92 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2024.2024-6-12-S.

Slowly Progressive Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to Pembrolizumab Administration in a Patient With a History of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Ueda H, Fujita Y, Mukai K, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(3)):e81495 doi:10.7759/cureus.81495.

Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review.

Vaidya A, Findling J, Bancos I

JAMA 2025; (334(8)):714-725 doi:10.1001/jama.2025.5485.

[A rare case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in an elderly patient].

Zulfiqar AA

Medicina 2025; (85(4)):872-875.

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Diagnosing Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion and Adrenal Insufficiency.

Saini J, Salama B, Yu K, et al.

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2025; (9(9)):bvaf136 doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf136.

Unusual Dosing of Long-Acting Hydrocortisone in a Rapid Hydrocortisone Metabolizer With Addison's Disease: A Case Report.

Sungar NR, Srinivasan B

Cureus 2025; (17(8)):e90553 doi:10.7759/cureus.90553.

Autoimmune Adrenalitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Identifying a Rare Endocrine Complication.

Zhalka A, Jabareen R, Foqara M, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(11)):e96668 doi:10.7759/cureus.96668.

An Adrenal Crisis After Denosumab Use in a Patient With Addison's Disease: A Case Report.

Caglar H, Hira S, Caglar SO

Cureus 2025; (17(12)):e100118 doi:10.7759/cureus.100118.