Research & Literature

Multiple system atrophy: using clinical pharmacology to reveal pathophysiology.

Jordan J, Shibao C, Biaggioni I

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2015; (25(1)):53-9 doi:10.1007/s10286-015-0271-4.

Diagnosing and treating neurogenic orthostatic hypotension in primary care.

Kuritzky L, Espay AJ, Gelblum J, et al.

Postgraduate medicine 2015; (127(7)):702-15 doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1050340.

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: roles of norepinephrine deficiency in its causes, its treatment, and future research directions.

Loavenbruck A, Sandroni P

Current medical research and opinion 2015; (31(11)):2095-104 doi:10.1185/03007995.2015.1087988.

Atomoxetine for Orthostatic Hypotension in an Elderly Patient Over 10 Weeks: A Case Report.

Hale GM, Brenner M

Pharmacotherapy 2015; (35(9)):e141-8 doi:10.1002/phar.1635.

Cardiac Organ Damage and Arterial Stiffness in Autonomic Failure: Comparison With Essential Hypertension.

Milazzo V, Maule S, Di Stefano C, et al.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2015; (66(6)):1168-75 doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05913.

Skin nerve misfolded α-synuclein in pure autonomic failure and Parkinson disease.

Donadio V, Incensi A, Piccinini C, et al.

Annals of neurology 2016; (79(2)):306-16 doi:10.1002/ana.24567.

Managed care approach to the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

Isaacson SH

The American journal of managed care 2015; (21(13 Suppl)):s258-68.

Pure Autonomic Failure.

Thaisetthawatkul P

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2016; (16(8)):74 doi:10.1007/s11910-016-0673-2.

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies: prioritisation of treatment targets.

Espay AJ, LeWitt PA, Hauser RA, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2016; (15(9)):954-966 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30079-5.

Long-term safety of droxidopa in patients with symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

Isaacson S, Vernino S, Ziemann A, et al.

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH 2016; (10(10)):755-762 doi:10.1016/j.jash.2016.07.010.

The Pharmacology of Autonomic Failure: From Hypotension to Hypertension.

Biaggioni I

Pharmacological reviews 2017; (69(1)):53-62 doi:10.1124/pr.115.012161.

Natural history of pure autonomic failure: A United States prospective cohort.

Kaufmann H, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, et al.

Annals of neurology 2017; (81(2)):287-297 doi:10.1002/ana.24877.

Pyridostigmine bromide versus fludrocortisone in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease - a randomized controlled trial.

Schreglmann SR, Büchele F, Sommerauer M, et al.

European journal of neurology 2017; (24(4)):545-551 doi:10.1111/ene.13260.

Management of Supine Hypertension Complicating Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension.

Baker J, Kimpinski K

CNS drugs 2017; (31(8)):653-663 doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0453-9.

Fludrocortisone Is Associated With a Higher Risk of All-Cause Hospitalizations Compared With Midodrine in Patients With Orthostatic Hypotension.

Grijalva CG, Biaggioni I, Griffin MR, Shibao CA

Journal of the American Heart Association 2017; (6(10)) doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.006848.

Evidence-based treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and related symptoms.

Eschlböck S, Wenning G, Fanciulli A

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 2017; (124(12)):1567-1605 doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1791-y.

Urological dysfunction in synucleinopathies: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management.

Sakakibara R, Tateno F, Yamamoto T, et al.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2018; (28(1)):83-101 doi:10.1007/s10286-017-0480-0.

Neuropathology of autonomic dysfunction in synucleinopathies.

Coon EA, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Benarroch EE

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2018; (33(3)):349-358 doi:10.1002/mds.27186.

Orthostatic heart rate changes in patients with autonomic failure caused by neurodegenerative synucleinopathies.

Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Kaufmann H, Palma JA, et al.

Annals of neurology 2018; (83(3)):522-531 doi:10.1002/ana.25170.

Treatment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies.

Palma JA, Kaufmann H

Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2018; (33(3)):372-390 doi:10.1002/mds.27344.

Consensus statement on the definition of neurogenic supine hypertension in cardiovascular autonomic failure by the American Autonomic Society (AAS) and the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS) : Endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH).

Fanciulli A, Jordan J, Biaggioni I, et al.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2018; (28(4)):355-362 doi:10.1007/s10286-018-0529-8.

Standing and Supine Blood Pressure Outcomes Associated With Droxidopa and Midodrine in Patients With Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Bayesian Meta-analysis and Mixed Treatment Comparison of Randomized Trials.

Chen JJ, Han Y, Tang J, et al.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2018; (52(12)):1182-1194 doi:10.1177/1060028018786954.

Orthostatic Hypotension: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

Freeman R, Abuzinadah AR, Gibbons C, et al.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2018; (72(11)):1294-1309 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.079.

Supine plasma NE predicts the pressor response to droxidopa in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

Palma JA, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Martinez J, Kaufmann H

Neurology 2018; (91(16)):e1539-e1544 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000006369.

Droxidopa for Hypotension of Different Etiologies: Two Case Reports.

Oommen J, Chen J, Wang S, et al.

P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management 2019; (44(3)):125-144.

Management of supine hypertension in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: scientific statement of the American Autonomic Society, European Federation of Autonomic Societies, and the European Society of Hypertension.

Jordan J, Fanciulli A, Tank J, et al.

Journal of hypertension 2019; (37(8)):1541-1546 doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002078.

What do we really know about supine hypertension in patients with orthostatic hypotension.

Jordan J, Tank J, Heusser K, et al.

Current opinion in cardiology 2019; (34(4)):384-389 doi:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000633.

Role of nurses and nurse practitioners in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: a narrative review.

Biswas D, Karabin B, Turner D

International journal of general medicine 2019; (12()):173-184 doi:10.2147/IJGM.S170655.

Pure autonomic failure.

Kabir MA, Chelimsky TC

Handbook of clinical neurology 2019; (161()):413-422 doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-64142-7.00064-3.

Pure Autonomic Failure.

Coon EA, Singer W, Low PA

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2019; (94(10)):2087-2098 doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.03.009.

Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson Disease.

Palma JA, Kaufmann H

Clinics in geriatric medicine 2020; (36(1)):53-67 doi:10.1016/j.cger.2019.09.002.

Management of Orthostatic Hypotension.

Palma JA, Kaufmann H

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2020; (26(1)):154-177 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000816.

Persistent unexplained chest pain and dyspnea in a patient with coronary artery disease: a case report.

Mobarek SK

BMC cardiovascular disorders 2020; (20(1)):54 doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01348-w.

The impact of supine hypertension on target organ damage and survival in patients with synucleinopathies and neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.

Palma JA, Redel-Traub G, Porciuncula A, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2020; (75()):97-104 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.04.011.

Predicting phenoconversion in pure autonomic failure.

Coon EA, Mandrekar JN, Berini SE, et al.

Neurology 2020; (95(7)):e889-e897 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000010002.

Pharmacologic treatment of orthostatic hypotension.

Park JW, Okamoto LE, Shibao CA, Biaggioni I

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2020; (229()):102721 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102721.

Comparison of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and phosphorylated α-synuclein skin deposits in synucleinopathies.

Giannoccaro MP, Donadio V, Giannini G, et al.

Parkinsonism & related disorders 2020; (81()):48-53 doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.016.

Trick or Treat? Licorice-Induced Hypokalemia: A Case Report.

Benge E, Shah P, Yamaguchi L, Josef V

Cureus 2020; (12(11)):e11656 doi:10.7759/cureus.11656.

Electrodiagnostic assessment of the autonomic nervous system: A consensus statement endorsed by the American Autonomic Society, American Academy of Neurology, and the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Cheshire WP, Freeman R, Gibbons CH, et al.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 2021; (132(2)):666-682 doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2020.11.024.

Management Strategies for Comorbid Supine Hypertension in Patients with Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension.

Isaacson SH, Dashtipour K, Mehdirad AA, Peltier AC

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2021; (21(4)):18 doi:10.1007/s11910-021-01104-3.

Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension. Lessons From Synucleinopathies.

Idiaquez JF, Idiaquez J, Casar JC, Biaggioni I

American journal of hypertension 2021; (34(2)):125-133 doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa131.

Dysautonomia: A Forgotten Condition - Part 1.

Rocha EA, Mehta N, Távora-Mehta MZP, et al.

Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2021; (116(4)):814-835 doi:10.36660/abc.20200420.

Fludrocortisone for orthostatic hypotension.

Veazie S, Peterson K, Ansari Y, et al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2021; (5()):CD012868 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012868.pub2.

Blood pressure regulation in autonomic failure by dietary sodium, blood volume and posture.

Biaggioni I

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2021; (236()):102891 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102891.

Different phenoconversion pathways in pure autonomic failure with versus without Lewy bodies.

Goldstein DS, Isonaka R, Lamotte G, Kaufmann H

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2021; (31(6)):677-684 doi:10.1007/s10286-021-00829-y.

Durability of the Clinical Benefit of Droxidopa for Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension During 12 Weeks of Open-Label Treatment.

Hauser RA, Favit A, Hewitt LA, et al.

Neurology and therapy 2022; (11(1)):459-469 doi:10.1007/s40120-021-00317-5.

Oral and intravenous hydration in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension and postural tachycardia syndrome.

Snapper H, Cheshire WP

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2022; (238()):102951 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102951.

Supine hypertension: A state of the art.

Mantovani G, Marozzi I, Rafanelli M, et al.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical 2022; (241()):102988 doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102988.

A Case of Pure Autonomic Failure Initially Presenting with Hemihypohidrosis: Twelve-Year Follow-Up.

Saito H

Case reports in neurology 2022; (14(1)):202-207 doi:10.1159/000523851.

Pure Autonomic Failure-A Localized Alpha Synucleinopathy with a Potential for Conversion to More Extensive Alpha Synucleinopathies.

Bhattacharjee S, Alsukhni RA

Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2022; (25(3)):340-346 doi:10.4103/aian.aian_1078_21.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for the Treatment of Supine Hypertension and Orthostatic Hypotension in Autonomic Failure.

Okamoto LE, Celedonio JE, Smith EC, et al.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2023; (80(3)):650-658 doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20081.

Cutaneous α-Synuclein Signatures in Patients With Multiple System Atrophy and Parkinson Disease.

Gibbons C, Wang N, Rajan S, et al.

Neurology 2023; (100(15)):e1529-e1539 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000206772.

Use of Valsalva Maneuver to Detect Late-Onset Delayed Orthostatic Hypotension.

Park JW, Okamoto LE, Kim SH, et al.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) 2023; (80(4)):792-801 doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20098.

Autonomic failure: Clinicopathologic, physiologic, and genetic aspects.

Younger DS

Handbook of clinical neurology 2023; (195()):55-102 doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-98818-6.00020-0.

Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Autonomic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies.

Palma JA, Thijs RD

Journal of Parkinson's disease 2024; (14(s1)):S81-S92 doi:10.3233/JPD-230173.

Unveiling autonomic failure in synucleinopathies: Significance in diagnosis and treatment.

Clement G, Cavillon G, Vuillier F, et al.

Revue neurologique 2024; (180(1-2)):79-93 doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2023.12.004.

Phenoconversion in pure autonomic failure: a multicentre prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Millar Vernetti P, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Palma JA, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2024; (147(7)):2440-2448 doi:10.1093/brain/awae033.

Skin Biopsy Detection of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Patients With Synucleinopathies.

Gibbons CH, Levine T, Adler C, et al.

JAMA 2024; (331(15)):1298-1306 doi:10.1001/jama.2024.0792.

Head-Up Tilt Sleeping to Treat Orthostatic Intolerance in a Patient with Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Case Report.

van der Stam AH, Shmuely S, de Vries NM, et al.

Case reports in neurology 2024; (16(1)):256-261 doi:10.1159/000541424.

Cutaneous phosphorylated-synuclein: an early diagnostic biomarker for pure autonomic failure.

Koay S, Provitera V, Caporaso G, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2025; (96(5)):500-507 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2024-334615.

Clinical utility of synuclein skin biopsy in the diagnosis and evaluation of synucleinopathies.

Isaacson JR, Freeman R, Gibbons CH

Frontiers in neurology 2024; (15()):1510796 doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1510796.

The phenotype of "pure" autonomic failure.

Coon EA, Badihian N, McCarter SJ, et al.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society 2025; (35(3)):477-485 doi:10.1007/s10286-025-01121-z.

Multimodal Management of Supine Hypertension With Orthostatic Hypotension in an Elderly Male Patient With Parkinson's Disease.

Dayal M, Shah MS, Radfar N, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(4)):e82394 doi:10.7759/cureus.82394.

Pure autonomic failure: a natural history study of the Queen Square cohort.

Chiaro G, Vichayanrat E, Koay S, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2026; (149(2)):606-619 doi:10.1093/brain/awaf191.

Multimodal Autonomic Biomarkers Predict Phenoconversion in Pure Autonomic Failure.

Koay S, Vichayanrat E, Bremner F, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2025; (12(11)):2170-2180 doi:10.1002/acn3.70140.

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: A case series and literature review.

Fuentes-Montalvo A, Ordoñez-Vázquez AL, Arenas-Martínez JS, Coss-Adame E

Revista de gastroenterologia de Mexico (English) 2025; (90(4)):630-634 doi:10.1016/j.rgmxen.2025.10.023.

Strategies for Non-Pharmacological Management of Orthostatic Hypotension in Older People: Bridging Pathophysiology and Practice.

Owen CM, Frith J

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005) 2025; (86(12)):1-17 doi:10.12968/hmed.2024.0956.

How to treat cardiovascular autonomic failure in Parkinson's disease.

Fanciulli A, Leys F, Höglinger G, Jost WH

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) 2026; (133(2)):215-228 doi:10.1007/s00702-025-03096-7.

Emerging Role of Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory Evaluation of Chronic Autonomic Failure.

Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Holmes C, et al.

Journal of neurochemistry 2026; (170(3)):e70405 doi:10.1111/jnc.70405.

Management of Orthostatic Hypotension: A Review.

Moloney D, Youssef A, Okamoto LE

JAMA internal medicine 2026; doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.0284.

Phenoconversion in Pure Autonomic Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Virameteekul S, Bonini I, Campese N, et al.

JAMA neurology 2026; (83(7)):616-624 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2026.0989.

Distinct Sympathoneural and Cardiovagal Domains of Arterial Baroreflex Function in Autonomic Synucleinopathies.

Goldstein DS

Research square 2026; doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9248308/v1.

Standardized protocol to detect phosphorylated α-synuclein in skin biopsies: recommendations from an expert panel.

Donadio V, Gibbons C, Delprete C, et al.

Molecular neurodegeneration 2026; (21(1)).

Validation of Orthostatic Hypotension in MDS Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple System Atrophy.

Yoshizaki S, Yamanaka Y, Yamamoto T, et al.

European neurology 2026; 1-9 doi:10.1159/000553181.

When Treatment Becomes the Trigger: Fludrocortisone-Associated Hypokalaemia in an Older Adult.

Phyo KC, Kyaw Z, Pyone ZM, et al.

Cureus 2026; (18(7)):e112116 doi:10.7759/cureus.112116.

Case Report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced gastrointestinal toxicity: the diagnostic challenge of sequential ileus and colitis.

Ismail M, Thompson N, O'Carrigan B, Corrie P

Frontiers in medicine 2026; (13()):1966665 doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1966665.