Research & Literature

Necrotizing soft tissue infections.

Sarkar B, Napolitano LM

Minerva chirurgica 2010; (65(3)):347-62.

Comparison of the two most commonly used treatments for pyoderma gangrenosum: results of the STOP GAP randomised controlled trial.

Ormerod AD, Thomas KS, Craig FE, et al.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 2015; (350()):h2958 doi:10.1136/bmj.h2958.

Pain and pain management in dermatology.

Beiteke U, Bigge S, Reichenberger C, Gralow I

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2015; (13(10)):967-87 doi:10.1111/ddg.12822.

Generalized Pyoderma Gangrenosum Associated with Ulcerative Colitis: Successful Treatment with Infliximab and Azathioprine.

Chatzinasiou F, Polymeros D, Panagiotou M, et al.

Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC 2016; (24(1)):83-5.

Pediatric Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Retrospective Review of Clinical Features, Etiologic Associations, and Treatment.

Schoch JJ, Tolkachjov SN, Cappel JA, et al.

Pediatric dermatology 2017; (34(1)):39-45 doi:10.1111/pde.12990.

Drug-induced pyoderma gangrenosum: a model to understand the pathogenesis of pyoderma gangrenosum.

Wu BC, Patel ED, Ortega-Loayza AG

The British journal of dermatology 2017; (177(1)):72-83 doi:10.1111/bjd.15193.

Bullous Pyoderma Gangrenosum With Subungual Involvement Associated With Ulcerative Colitis.

Aktaş Karabay E, Aksu Cerman A, Kıvanc Altunay İ, Yalçın Ö

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2017; (39(6)):476-478 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000000801.

Autoinflammation in pyoderma gangrenosum and its syndromic form (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne and suppurative hidradenitis).

Marzano AV, Damiani G, Ceccherini I, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2017; (176(6)):1588-1598 doi:10.1111/bjd.15226.

Treatment options for pyoderma gangrenosum.

Quist SR, Kraas L

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2017; (15(1)):34-40 doi:10.1111/ddg.13173.

Risk of developing pyoderma gangrenosum after procedures in patients with a known history of pyoderma gangrenosum-A retrospective analysis.

Xia FD, Liu K, Lockwood S, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2018; (78(2)):310-314.e1 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.09.040.

The safety of treatments used in pyoderma gangrenosum.

Feldman SR, Lacy FA, Huang WW

Expert opinion on drug safety 2018; (17(1)):55-61 doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1396316.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Critical Appraisal.

Shavit E, Alavi A, Sibbald RG

Advances in skin & wound care 2017; (30(12)):534-542 doi:10.1097/01.ASW.0000526605.34372.9e.

Diagnosis and management of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum: A systematic review.

Afifi L, Sanchez IM, Wallace MM, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2018; (78(6)):1195-1204.e1 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.049.

Classic Ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum Is a T Cell-Mediated Disease Targeting Follicular Adnexal Structures: A Hypothesis Based on Molecular and Clinicopathologic Studies.

Wang EA, Steel A, Luxardi G, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2017; (8()):1980 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01980.

The PARACELSUS score: a novel diagnostic tool for pyoderma gangrenosum.

Jockenhöfer F, Wollina U, Salva KA, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2019; (180(3)):615-620 doi:10.1111/bjd.16401.

Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review of pathogenesis and treatment.

Ahn C, Negus D, Huang W

Expert review of clinical immunology 2018; (14(3)):225-233 doi:10.1080/1744666X.2018.1438269.

The Association of Age With Clinical Presentation and Comorbidities of Pyoderma Gangrenosum.

Ashchyan HJ, Butler DC, Nelson CA, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2018; (154(4)):409-413 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5978.

Diagnostic Criteria of Ulcerative Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Delphi Consensus of International Experts.

Maverakis E, Ma C, Shinkai K, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2018; (154(4)):461-466 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5980.

Effectiveness of systemic treatments for pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review of observational studies and clinical trials.

Partridge ACR, Bai JW, Rosen CF, et al.

The British journal of dermatology 2018; (179(2)):290-295 doi:10.1111/bjd.16485.

Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum as a predictor of hematological malignancies.

Vacas AS, Bollea-Garlatti ML, Torre AC, Galimberti RL

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2018; (93(1)):133-134 doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20187031.

Underlying Systemic Diseases in Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Kridin K, Cohen AD, Amber KT

American journal of clinical dermatology 2018; (19(4)):479-487 doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0356-7.

Epidemiology of pyoderma gangrenosum: Results from an Italian prospective multicentre study.

Monari P, Moro R, Motolese A, et al.

International wound journal 2018; (15(6)):875-879 doi:10.1111/iwj.12939.

Clinical Features of Neutrophilic Dermatosis Variants Resembling Necrotizing Fasciitis.

Sanchez IM, Lowenstein S, Johnson KA, et al.

JAMA dermatology 2019; (155(1)):79-84 doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3890.

Extracutaneous involvement of pyoderma gangrenosum.

Borda LJ, Wong LL, Marzano AV, Ortega-Loayza AG

Archives of dermatological research 2019; (311(6)):425-434 doi:10.1007/s00403-019-01912-1.

Pyoderma gangrenosum - a guide to diagnosis and management .

George C, Deroide F, Rustin M

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2019; (19(3)):224-228 doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.19-3-224.

Rare Presentation of Postsurgical Pyoderma Gangrenosum Presenting as Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection.

Flynn RL, Chowdhury MH, Rudolph J, Einstein S

Advances in skin & wound care 2019; (32(11)):507-511 doi:10.1097/01.ASW.0000579692.74662.bb.

Pyoderma gangrenosum in hematologic malignancies: A systematic review.

Montagnon CM, Fracica EA, Patel AA, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2020; (82(6)):1346-1359 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.09.032.

Case Study on Management of Postsurgical Pyoderma Gangrenosum After Spinal Surgery.

Ratliff CR

Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society 2019; (46(6)):543-546 doi:10.1097/WON.0000000000000587.

International Consensus Results: Development of Practice Guidelines for Assessment of Peristomal Body and Stoma Profiles, Patient Engagement, and Patient Follow-up.

Colwell JC, Bain KA, Hansen AS, et al.

Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society 2019; (46(6)):497-504 doi:10.1097/WON.0000000000000599.

PG-TIME: A practical approach to the clinical management of pyoderma gangrenosum.

Janowska A, Oranges T, Fissi A, et al.

Dermatologic therapy 2020; (33(3)):e13412 doi:10.1111/dth.13412.

A Wound Care Specialist's Approach to Pyoderma Gangrenosum.

Croitoru D, Naderi-Azad S, Sachdeva M, et al.

Advances in wound care 2020; (9(12)):686-694 doi:10.1089/wound.2020.1168.

A case of sporotrichosis infection mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum and the role of tissue culture in diagnosis: A case report.

Tai F, Jakubovic H, Alabdulrazzaq S, Alavi A

SAGE open medical case reports 2020; (8()):2050313X20919600 doi:10.1177/2050313X20919600.

Adalimumab in Japanese patients with active ulcers of pyoderma gangrenosum: Twenty-six-week phase 3 open-label study.

Yamasaki K, Yamanaka K, Zhao Y, et al.

The Journal of dermatology 2020; (47(12)):1383-1390 doi:10.1111/1346-8138.15533.

A perplexing case of superficial granulomatous pyoderma with sporotrichoid-like distribution.

Parker J, Liszewski W, Merten AH, et al.

Dermatology online journal 2020; (26(6)).

Pyoderma gangrenosum with thymoma and myasthenia gravis: A case report.

Tunçez Akyürek F, Akyurek M, Zekey E, et al.

Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2021; (20(3)):943-946 doi:10.1111/jocd.13717.

5% Lidocaine Hydrochloride Cream for Wound Pain Relief: A Multicentre Observational Study.

Janowska A, Papa G, Romanelli M, et al.

Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research 2022; (35(1)):49-52 doi:10.1080/08941939.2020.1821134.

Efficacy and safety of skin grafting in treatment of vasculitic ulcer and pyoderma gangrenosum-A systematic review.

Morgenstjerne-Schwenck LET, Knudsen JT, Prasad SC

Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2021; (29(2)):240-253 doi:10.1111/wrr.12882.

Mycophenolate mofetil as adjunctive therapy to corticosteroids for the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum: a case series and literature review.

Hrin ML, Bashyam AM, Huang WW, Feldman SR

International journal of dermatology 2021; (60(12)):e486-e492 doi:10.1111/ijd.15539.

Inflammatory arthritis-associated pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review.

Sawka E, Zhou A, Latour E, et al.

Clinical rheumatology 2021; (40(10)):3963-3969 doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05768-7.

Superficial Granulomatous Pyoderma Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin.

Borg Grech S, Vella Baldacchino A, Corso R, et al.

European journal of case reports in internal medicine 2021; (8(9)):002656 doi:10.12890/2021_002656.

Pyoderma gangrenosum: A systematic review of the molecular characteristics of disease.

Flora A, Kozera E, Frew JW

Experimental dermatology 2022; (31(4)):498-515 doi:10.1111/exd.14534.

Dealing with Corticosteroid and High-Dose Cyclosporine Therapy in a Pyoderma Gangrenosum Patient Contracting a COVID-19 Infection.

May MR, Rübben A, Lennertz A, et al.

Journal of personalized medicine 2022; (12(2)) doi:10.3390/jpm12020173.

Resource-Limited Management of Presumptive Pyoderma Gangrenosum in an Unsheltered Patient.

Rasul TF, Mathew M, Anderson JD, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(1)):e21629 doi:10.7759/cureus.21629.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of pyoderma gangrenosum in Korea: A single centre, retrospective, observational study over 20 years.

Kim YJ, Lee KH, Won CH, et al.

Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology 2023; (89(1)):25-34.

Epidermotropism of inflammatory cells differentiates pyoderma gangrenosum from venous leg ulcers.

Ronicke M, Baur A, Kirr M, et al.

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2022; (20(5)):619-627 doi:10.1111/ddg.14708.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum: An Updated Literature Review on Established and Emerging Pharmacological Treatments.

Maronese CA, Pimentel MA, Li MM, et al.

American journal of clinical dermatology 2022; (23(5)):615-634 doi:10.1007/s40257-022-00699-8.

Bullous Variant of Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Kwon CI, Lee GW, Kim CY

Annals of dermatology 2022; (34(3)):212-215 doi:10.5021/ad.2022.34.3.212.

Management of Idiopathic Pyoderma Gangrenosum With Azathioprine As the Primary Adjunct in an Asian Man: A Case Report.

Nazir A, Zafar A

Cureus 2022; (14(5)):e25177 doi:10.7759/cureus.25177.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum Mimicking Necrotizing Fasciitis on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Park S, Shin H, Lee DH, et al.

The American journal of case reports 2022; (23()):e931734 doi:10.12659/AJCR.931734.

Treatment Strategy for Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Skin Grafting with Immunosuppressive Drugs.

Nishimura M, Mizutani K, Yokota N, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2022; (11(23)) doi:10.3390/jcm11236924.

[Differential diagnoses severe skin infections].

Hua C, Chosidow O

La Revue du praticien 2023; (73(2)):153-155.

The Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Tertiary Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Afacan Yıldırım E, Can Edek Y, Adısen E

The international journal of lower extremity wounds 2026; (25(1)):150-154 doi:10.1177/15347346231196957.

Necrotizing Sweet Syndrome of the Hand and Forearm in the Immediate Postoperative Period: Case Report.

Hresko AM, Pickrell BB, Harper CM

Hand (New York, N.Y.) 2024; (19(7)):NP1-NP7 doi:10.1177/15589447231207978.

Wound Debridement in Pyoderma Gangrenosum.

Taheri A, Mansoori P, Sharif M

Advances in skin & wound care 2024; (37(2)):107-111 doi:10.1097/ASW.0000000000000092.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Diagnostic Criteria, Subtypes, Systemic Associations, and Workup.

Zaino ML, Schadt CR, Callen JP, Owen LG

Dermatologic clinics 2024; (42(2)):157-170 doi:10.1016/j.det.2023.08.003.

Clinical efficacy of crushed prednisolone and hydrocolloid powder in the primary treatment of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum and correlation to in vitro drug release data.

Pearson WA, Prentice DA, Lim LY, et al.

International wound journal 2024; (21(3)):e14808 doi:10.1111/iwj.14808.

A Case of Pustular Pyoderma Gangrenosum Misdiagnosed as Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis in a Pediatric Patient.

Yang X, Wu Y, Jiang F, Deng D

Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology 2024; (17()):493-498 doi:10.2147/CCID.S449404.

A Verrucous Plaque Healing with Cribriform Scarring.

Meena A, Mehta H, Chaterjee D, De D

Indian dermatology online journal 2024; (15(4)):640-642 doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_380_23.

Assessing the role of wound debridement in pyoderma gangrenosum-A retrospective cohort study.

Bar D, Beberashvili I

Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society 2024; (32(6)):941-948 doi:10.1111/wrr.13219.

Decoding the Histopathology of Pustular Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis.

Bavikar R, Singh D

Cureus 2024; (16(8)):e67059 doi:10.7759/cureus.67059.

Topical corticosteroid powder for peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum: a systematic review.

Kaur M, Kaffenberger BH

Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2024; (36(10)):331-337 doi:10.25270/wnds/24020.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a Patient with Crohn's Disease Treated with Adalimumab: A Case-Based Review and Systematic Review of the Current Literature.

Fousekis FS, Mpakogiannis K, Karampinis E, et al.

Clinics and practice 2025; (15(3)) doi:10.3390/clinpract15030057.

Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Scarring Secondary to Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A Case Series.

Vague M, Shea M, Kumar I, et al.

Lasers in surgery and medicine 2026; (58(5)):373-380 doi:10.1002/lsm.70122.

Pyoderma gangrenosum: a case report highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Hayek SJ, Brodell RT, Doolittle JS, Jackson JD

International journal of surgery case reports 2026; (138(3)):357-362 doi:10.1097/RC9.0000000000000100.

Probable pyoderma gangrenosum complicated with cutaneous Aspergillus flavus infection: case report.

Sun S, Zhu M, Wen C

Frontiers in medicine 2026; (13()):1806433 doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1806433.

Clinical Decision-Making and Multidisciplinary Management of Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Stage IVB Rectal Cancer: A Case Report-Corticosteroid Response but Fatal Cancer Progression.

Tanabe H, Ogawa M, Kita M, Kotake T

Reports (MDPI) 2026; (9(2)) doi:10.3390/reports9020194.

Postoperative Pyoderma Gangrenosum Following Varicose Vein Surgery: Recognizing a Rare Surgical Mimic Before Extensive Tissue Loss.

El Salawi O, Dubois M, De Smet A

Cureus 2026; (18(7)):e113733 doi:10.7759/cureus.113733.

Post-caesarean pyoderma gangrenosum mimicking surgical site infection: a diagnostic pitfall in the postpartum period.

Tamim Y, Berrada Y, Mejdoubi I, et al.

Journal of surgical case reports 2026; (2026(8)):rjag696 doi:10.1093/jscr/rjag696.

Post-surgical Pyoderma Gangrenosum Following Elective Aesthetic Procedures: A Case Series of 10 Patients and a Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach.

Birck MS, Padilha DZ, Borges VPB, et al.

Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India 2026; (59(3)):218-223 doi:10.1055/s-0045-1814165.

The use of over-the-counter aerosolized triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum: a case series.

Hill JZ, Chirumamilla V, Kaffenberger BH

Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice 2026; (38(6)):137-140 doi:10.25270/wnds/25128.