Research & Literature

Surgical treatment of systemic sclerosis--is it justified to offer peripheral sympathectomy earlier in the disease process?

Momeni A, Sorice SC, Valenzuela A, et al.

Microsurgery 2015; (35(6)):441-6 doi:10.1002/micr.22379.

Raynaud's Syndrome: a neglected disease.

Poredos P, Poredos P

International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology 2016; (35(2)):117-21.

Epidemiology of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, 1985-2014: A Population-Based Study.

Ungprasert P, Crowson CS, Chowdhary VR, et al.

Arthritis care & research 2016; (68(12)):1843-1848 doi:10.1002/acr.22872.

Drug-induced Raynaud's phenomenon: beyond β-adrenoceptor blockers.

Khouri C, Blaise S, Carpentier P, et al.

British journal of clinical pharmacology 2016; (82(1)):6-16 doi:10.1111/bcp.12912.

Raynaud's Phenomenon in a Slap Bass Player: A Case Report.

Jepsen JR, Simonsen JA

Medical problems of performing artists 2016; (31(1)):51-3 doi:10.21091/mppa.2016.1009.

Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ischaemia--pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options.

Linnemann B, Erbe M

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten 2016; (45(3)):201-12 doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000526.

Differential diagnosis of critical digital ischemia in systemic sclerosis: Report of five cases and review of the literature.

Sharp CA, Akram Q, Hughes M, et al.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2016; (46(2)):209-216 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.05.001.

Safety and tolerability of bosentan for digital ulcers in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis: Prospective, multicenter, open-label study.

Hamaguchi Y, Sumida T, Kawaguchi Y, et al.

The Journal of dermatology 2017; (44(1)):13-17 doi:10.1111/1346-8138.13497.

Raynaud's phenomenon: new aspects of pathogenesis and the role of nailfold videocapillaroscopy.

Kuryliszyn-Moskal A, Kita J, Hryniewicz A

Reumatologia 2015; (53(2)):87-93 doi:10.5114/reum.2015.51508.

Raynaud's phenomenon.

Hughes M, Herrick AL

Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology 2016; (30(1)):112-32.

Evidence for the Use of Epoprostenol to Treat Raynaud's Phenomenon With or Without Digital Ulcers.

Cruz JE, Ward A, Anthony S, et al.

The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2016; (50(12)):1060-1067 doi:10.1177/1060028016660324.

Critical finger ischemia and myocardial fibrosis development after sudden interruption of sildenafil treatment in a systemic sclerosis patient.

Bruni C, Bellando-Randone S, Gargani L, et al.

Reumatismo 2016; (68(2)):109-11 doi:10.4081/reumatismo.2016.889.

Incidences and Risk Factors of Organ Manifestations in the Early Course of Systemic Sclerosis: A Longitudinal EUSTAR Study.

Jaeger VK, Wirz EG, Allanore Y, et al.

PloS one 2016; (11(10)):e0163894 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163894.

Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms.

Fardoun MM, Nassif J, Issa K, et al.

Frontiers in pharmacology 2016; (7()):438 doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00438.

Clinical Adverse Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonists: Insights From the Meta-Analysis of 4894 Patients From 24 Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials.

Wei A, Gu Z, Li J, et al.

Journal of the American Heart Association 2016; (5(11)).

A two scale modeling and computational framework for vibration-induced Raynaud syndrome.

Hua Y, Lemerle P, Ganghoffer JF

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials 2017; (71()):320-328 doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.019.

Hand-arm vibration and the risk of vascular and neurological diseases-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nilsson T, Wahlström J, Burström L

PloS one 2017; (12(7)):e0180795 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180795.

Treatment of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: Case series study of thirteen patients and discussion on outcome.

Abuowda Y, Almeida RS, Oliveira AA, et al.

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2017; (63(5)):422-426 doi:10.1590/1806-9282.63.05.422.

Calcium channel blockers for primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Rirash F, Tingey PC, Harding SE, et al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2017; (12()):CD000467 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000467.pub2.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of topical nitrates in the treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Curtiss P, Schwager Z, Cobos G, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2018; (78(6)):1110-1118.e3 doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.043.

[Etiological profile of secondary Raynaud's phenomenon in an internal medicine department. About 121 patients].

Ben Salem T, Tougorti M, Bziouech S, et al.

Journal de medecine vasculaire 2018; (43(1)):29-35 doi:10.1016/j.jdmv.2017.11.005.

The role of the dermatologist in Raynaud's phenomenon: a clinical challenge.

Matucci-Cerinic C, Nagaraja V, Prignano F, et al.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2018; (32(7)):1120-1127 doi:10.1111/jdv.14914.

The role of capillaroscopy and thermography in the assessment and management of Raynaud's phenomenon.

Herrick AL, Murray A

Autoimmunity reviews 2018; (17(5)):465-472 doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.036.

Lumbar sympathectomy versus prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease.

Sen I, Agarwal S, Tharyan P, Forster R

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2018; (4()):CD009366 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009366.pub2.

Raynaud's phenomenon in Northern Sweden: a population-based nested case-control study.

Stjernbrandt A, Pettersson H, Liljelind I, et al.

Rheumatology international 2019; (39(2)):265-275 doi:10.1007/s00296-018-4133-y.

Use of nitroglycerin ointment to treat primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a systematic literature review.

Qiu O, Chan T, Luen M, et al.

Rheumatology international 2018; (38(12)):2209-2216 doi:10.1007/s00296-018-4119-9.

Vascular trauma of the hand - a systematic review.

Wahl U, Kaden I, Köhler A, Hirsch T

VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten 2019; (48(3)):205-215 doi:10.1024/0301-1526/a000743.

Position article and guidelines 2018 recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the indication, interpretation and performance of nailfold capillaroscopy.

Kayser C, Bredemeier M, Caleiro MT, et al.

Advances in rheumatology (London, England) 2019; (59(1)):5 doi:10.1186/s42358-018-0046-4.

Lifetime vibration dose correlates with severity of the neurological component of hand-arm vibration syndrome among tyre shop workers in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Qamruddin AA, Husain NRN, Sidek MY, et al.

International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE 2021; (27(2)):410-415 doi:10.1080/10803548.2019.1600872.

Cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction in humans: Function, dysfunction and the distinctly counterproductive.

Alba BK, Castellani JW, Charkoudian N

Experimental physiology 2019; (104(8)):1202-1214 doi:10.1113/EP087718.

Raynaud's phenomenon-an update on diagnosis, classification and management.

Pauling JD, Hughes M, Pope JE

Clinical rheumatology 2019; (38(12)):3317-3330 doi:10.1007/s10067-019-04745-5.

Pharmacotherapy Options in the Management of Raynaud's Phenomenon.

Hinze AM, Wigley FM

Current treatment options in rheumatology 2018; (4(3)):235-254 doi:10.1007/s40674-018-0102-6.

Recent advances in the workup and management of Raynaud phenomenon.

Lis-Święty A

Polish archives of internal medicine 2019; (129(11)):798-808 doi:10.20452/pamw.15008.

Raynaud's phenomenon in the occupational context.

Cordeiro RA, Andrade RM

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2019; (65(10)):1314-1320 doi:10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1314.

Successful treatment of jellyfish sting-induced severe digital ischemia with intravenous iloprost infusion.

Lo AH, Chan YC, Law Y, Cheng SW

Journal of vascular surgery cases 2016; (2(1)):31-33 doi:10.1016/j.jvsc.2016.02.007.

[Maurice Raynaud (1834-1881) and the Mystery of "Raynaud's Phanomenon"].

Koehler U, Portig I, Hildebrandt O, Koehler NA

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2019; (144(25)):1778-1783 doi:10.1055/a-0869-9899.

Raynaud phenomenon and digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis.

Hughes M, Allanore Y, Chung L, et al.

Nature reviews. Rheumatology 2020; (16(4)):208-221 doi:10.1038/s41584-020-0386-4.

Is Botulinum Toxin Useful in Systemic Sclerosis Related Peripheral Vasculopathy? A Literature Review.

Guerra MG, Fonseca DGD, Samões B, et al.

Reumatologia clinica 2021; (17(6)):357-363 doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2020.04.006.

Low body weight and involuntary weight loss are associated with Raynaud's phenomenon in both men and women.

Abdulle AE, Arends S, van Goor H, et al.

Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2021; (50(2)):153-160 doi:10.1080/03009742.2020.1780310.

Raynaud's phenomenon.

Haque A, Hughes M

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2020; (20(6)):580-587 doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0754.

Nailfold capillaroscopy in systemic diseases: short overview for internal medicine.

Dima A, Berza I, Popescu DN, Parvu MI

Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne 2021; (59(3)):201-217 doi:10.2478/rjim-2021-0007.

Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Vascular Acrosyndrome That Requires Long-Term Care.

Klein-Weigel P, Sander O, Reinhold S, et al.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international 2021; (118(Forthcoming)).

Pattern of Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Zhao T, Lin FA, Chen HP

Archives of rheumatology 2020; (35(4)):568-574 doi:10.46497/ArchRheumatol.2020.7763.

Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Su KY, Sharma M, Kim HJ, et al.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2021; (5()):CD006687 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006687.pub4.

Anticentromere Antibody Levels and Isotypes and the Development of Systemic Sclerosis.

van Leeuwen NM, Boonstra M, Bakker JA, et al.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2021; (73(12)):2338-2347 doi:10.1002/art.41814.

Revision periarterial sympathectomy for recurrent digital ischaemia: a report with 11 patients.

Rudolph M, Butler K, Prabhu S, et al.

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume 2021; (46(8)):883-890 doi:10.1177/17531934211019572.

A 4-week comparison of capillaroscopy changes, healing effect, and cost-effectiveness of botulinum toxin-A vs prostaglandin analog infusion in refractory digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis.

Shenavandeh S, Sepaskhah M, Dehghani S, Nazarinia M

Clinical rheumatology 2022; (41(1)):95-104 doi:10.1007/s10067-021-05900-7.

Peripheral Nerve Blockade for Patients With Raynaud Phenomenon and Other Causes of Digital Ischemia: A Case Report and Practice Implications.

Stephas SA, Hertel P, Bennetts P

AANA journal 2021; (89(5)):391-395.

Persistent Raynaud's Phenomenon Following Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Laboe C, Batchelder E, Vasireddy D

Cureus 2021; (13(9)):e17647 doi:10.7759/cureus.17647.

The shadow zone of capillaroscopy in the classification of the Raynaud's phenomenon.

Sirufo MM, Magnanimi LM, Ginaldi L, De Martinis M

Current medical research and opinion 2022; (38(4)):637-639 doi:10.1080/03007995.2022.2047538.

Raynaud's Phenomenon: Reviewing the Pathophysiology and Management Strategies.

Nawaz I, Nawaz Y, Nawaz E, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(1)):e21681 doi:10.7759/cureus.21681.

Chronic dyspnea with Raynaud's phenomenon and elevated ANA: A diagnosis of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma.

Chong WH, Saha BK, Beegle S

The American journal of the medical sciences 2023; (365(2)):198-204 doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2022.01.023.

The effects of a single carbon dioxide and hot water hand bath on acral perfusion in systemic sclerosis: A randomized, clinical study.

Lange U, Bogensperger S, Tarner IH, Müller-Ladner U

Journal of scleroderma and related disorders 2019; (4(2)):160-162 doi:10.1177/2397198318819919.

[Paroxysmal vascular acrosyndromes: Practical approach to diagnosis and management].

Senet P

La Revue de medecine interne 2022; (43(10)):596-602 doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2022.03.338.

Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin in Adults with Raynaud's Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Senet P, Maillard H, Diot E, et al.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2023; (75(3)):459-467 doi:10.1002/art.42342.

Arm heating to relieve Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis: A single-arm multicentre prospective clinical trial.

Watanabe A, Shima Y, Takahashi H, et al.

Modern rheumatology 2023; (33(5)):968-974 doi:10.1093/mr/roac116.

Bosentan versus nifedipine in the treatment of vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis patients: A randomized control trial.

Phat TN, Luong VH, Minh VN, et al.

Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology 2025; (43(3)):706-711 doi:10.12932/AP-070722-1406.

The Relationship between Smoking, Raynaud's Phenomenon, Digital Ulcers, and Skin Thickness in the Waikato Systemic Sclerosis Cohort.

Silva C, Solanki KK, White DHN

Rheumatology and immunology research 2022; (3(2)):84-89 doi:10.2478/rir-2022-0014.

Progression from suspected to definite systemic sclerosis and the role of anti-topoisomerase I antibodies.

Liem SIE, Neppelenbroek S, Fehres CM, et al.

RMD open 2023; (9(1)) doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002827.

Effectiveness of bosentan in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-related digital ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hosseinbalam M, Nouri R, Farajzadegan Z, Mottaghi P

Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 2023; (28()):3 doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_386_22.

GPER Acts Through the cAMP/Epac/JNK/AP-1 Pathway to Induce Transcription of Alpha 2C Adrenoceptor in Human Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Fardoun M, Nasser SA, El-Yazbi AF, Eid AH

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology 2023; (82(6)):470-479 doi:10.1097/FJC.0000000000001489.

Distal periarterial sympathectomy surgery for chronic digital ischemia: A systematic review of the literature.

Cereceda-Monteoliva N, Smart YW, Ojelade E, et al.

Journal of orthopaedics 2024; (50()):76-83 doi:10.1016/j.jor.2023.11.072.

Comparative efficacy and safety of treatments for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Khouri C, Lepelley M, Bailly S, et al.

The Lancet. Rheumatology 2019; (1(4)):e237-e246 doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(19)30079-7.

Psychological factors in symptom severity and quality of life in Raynaud's phenomenon.

Irving D, Daniels J

Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy 2024; (52(4)):426-439 doi:10.1017/S1352465823000620.

Progression of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon to systemic sclerosis: a five-year analysis of the European Scleroderma Trial and Research group multicentre, longitudinal registry study for Very Early Diagnosis of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS).

Bellando-Randone S, Del Galdo F, Lepri G, et al.

The Lancet. Rheumatology 2021; (3(12)):e834-e843 doi:10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00244-7.

Systematic literature review to inform the Portuguese recommendations for the management of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue diseases.

Costa E, Cunha-Santos F, Dourado E, et al.

ARP rheumatology 2024; (3(Apr-Jun)):128-144.

Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Current Update on Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Workup, and Treatment.

Ture HY, Lee NY, Kim NR, Nam EJ

Vascular specialist international 2024; (40()):26 doi:10.5758/vsi.240047.

Clinically relevant differences between primary Raynaud's phenomenon and secondary to connective tissue disease.

Di Donato S, Huang S, Pauling JD, et al.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 2024; (68()):152521 doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152521.

Cigarette smoke extract induces p38-mediated expression and ROS/rho-mediated translocation of alpha 2C adrenoceptor in human microvascular smooth muscle cells.

Fardoun MM, Matar A, Khachab M, et al.

Progress in cardiovascular diseases 2025; (89()):119-126 doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2025.01.002.

Piezo1 promotes vibration-induced vascular smooth muscle injury by regulating the NF-κB/p65 axis.

Zeng Y, Wu Z, Xiong M, et al.

Communications biology 2025; (8(1)):96 doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07524-y.

Disproportionality analysis of Raynaud's phenomenon associated with calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors using the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system.

Lee N, Ok JH, Rhee SJ, Kim Y

Scientific reports 2025; (15(1)):5675 doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87421-w.

[Update Raynaud Phenomenon].

Caspary L

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) 2025; (150(12)):661-667 doi:10.1055/a-2365-0537.

Sociodemographic and pharmacological characteristics of patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. A cross-sectional study.

Valladales-Restrepo LF, Henao-Martínez M, Velasquez-Quimara S, et al.

Vascular diseases (Paris, France) 2025; (50(3-4)):99-103 doi:10.1016/j.vasdi.2025.05.001.

Treatment recommendations for the systemic pharmacological treatment of systemic sclerosis digital ulcers: Results from the World Scleroderma Foundation Ad Hoc Committee.

Maltez N, Ross L, Baron M, et al.

Journal of scleroderma and related disorders 2025; (10(3)):267-275 doi:10.1177/23971983251340559.

A comprehensive study on drug-related Raynaud's phenomenon based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Zheng P, Zheng X, Chen Q, et al.

Scientific reports 2025; (15(1)):32059 doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17182-z.

Raynaud's phenomenon during treatment with lisdexamfetamine: risk of cerebral vasospasm?

Pitliuk R, Fucci TPPDCS

Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2025; (23()):eRC1439 doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RC1439.

Drug-Induced Raynaud's Phenomenon and Underlying Mechanism: A Disproportionality Analysis From the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database.

Hlavaty A, Dari L, Cracowski JL, et al.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2026; (78(4)):985-992 doi:10.1002/art.43442.

Raynaud's phenomenon: a vascular or an autoimmune-mediated disorder? Facts and fancy.

Moutsopoulos HM, Cinoku II, Mavragani CP

Current opinion in immunology 2026; (101()):102803 doi:10.1016/j.coi.2026.102803.

Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Pediatric Rheumatology: Established Roles, Emerging Applications, and Future Perspectives.

Öztürk K, Haslak F, Yıldız M, et al.

Balkan medical journal 2026; (43(7)):360-371 doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2026.2026-5-58.

Primary and Secondary Raynaud: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Ujueta F, Goudot G, Cutolo M, et al.

Circulation 2026; (154(13)):e505-e517 doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001464.