Research & Literature

Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with a Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnosis in a Retrospective Cohort Study from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

Van Den Eeden SK, Albers KB, Davidson JE, et al.

Sleep 2015; (38(7)):1009-15 doi:10.5665/sleep.4800.

Oxycodone/Naloxone PR: A Review in Severe Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome.

Frampton JE

CNS drugs 2015; (29(6)):511-8 doi:10.1007/s40263-015-0254-y.

Restless Leg Syndrome Across the Globe: Epidemiology of the Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease.

Koo BB

Sleep medicine clinics 2015; (10(3)):189-205, xi.

Dopaminergic Augmentation in Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease: Identification and Management.

García-Borreguero D

Sleep medicine clinics 2015; (10(3)):287-92, xiii.

Living with Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease.

Tachibana N

Sleep medicine clinics 2015; (10(3)):359-67, xv.

Impact of Restless Legs Syndrome on Cardiovascular Autonomic Control.

Bertisch SM, Muresan C, Schoerning L, et al.

Sleep 2016; (39(3)):565-71 doi:10.5665/sleep.5528.

Brain iron deficiency in idiopathic restless legs syndrome measured by quantitative magnetic susceptibility at 7 tesla.

Li X, Allen RP, Earley CJ, et al.

Sleep medicine 2016; (22()):75-82 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.001.

Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome: A comprehensive review.

Yu XX, Fernandez HH

Journal of the neurological sciences 2017; (374()):53-55 doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.070.

Not only limbs in atypical restless legs syndrome.

Turrini A, Raggi A, Calandra-Buonaura G, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2018; (38()):50-55 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.007.

Meis1: effects on motor phenotypes and the sensorimotor system in mice.

Salminen AV, Garrett L, Schormair B, et al.

Disease models & mechanisms 2017; (10(8)):981-991 doi:10.1242/dmm.030080.

Restless legs syndrome with augmentation successfully treated with IV iron.

LaBarbera V, Trotti LM, Rye D

Neurology. Clinical practice 2017; (7(3)):e26-e28 doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000276.

Restless Legs Syndrome and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders.

Trotti LM

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2017; (23(4, Sleep Neurology)):1005-1016 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000488.

The influence of antidepressants on restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements: A systematic review.

Kolla BP, Mansukhani MP, Bostwick JM

Sleep medicine reviews 2018; (38()):131-140 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.002.

Targeted disruption of supraspinal motor circuitry reveals a distributed network underlying Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)-like movements in the rat.

Guo CN, Yang WJ, Zhan SQ, et al.

Scientific reports 2017; (7(1)):9905 doi:10.1038/s41598-017-10284-3.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chen SJ, Shi L, Bao YP, et al.

Sleep medicine reviews 2018; (40()):43-54 doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.003.

The Appropriate Use of Opioids in the Treatment of Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome.

Silber MH, Becker PM, Buchfuhrer MJ, et al.

Mayo Clinic proceedings 2018; (93(1)):59-67 doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.11.007.

Introduction to Parkinson disease (PD) and its complications.

Marvanova M

The mental health clinician 2016; (6(5)):229-235 doi:10.9740/mhc.2016.09.229.

French consensus: Treatment of newly diagnosed restless legs syndrome.

Limousin N, Flamand M, Schröder C, Charley Monaca C

Revue neurologique 2018; (174(7-8)):515-521 doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.06.002.

Assessment of change in restless legs syndrome symptoms during the acute drug-withdrawal period.

Wang A, Foster K, Skeba P, et al.

Sleep medicine 2018; (52()):80-87 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.005.

Restless Legs Syndrome and Other Movement Disorders of Sleep-Treatment Update.

Salminen AV, Winkelmann J

Current treatment options in neurology 2018; (20(12)):55 doi:10.1007/s11940-018-0540-3.

Ocular morphological changes in patients with restless legs syndrome analyzed by optical coherence tomography.

Kocasarac C, Yigit Y, Trotti LM, Basaran S

Sleep medicine 2019; (57()):1-5 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.024.

Clinical features and subtypes of restless legs syndrome in Chinese population: a study of 359 patients.

Zhu XY, Wu TT, Wang HM, et al.

Sleep medicine 2019; (59()):15-23 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.053.

Non-dopaminergic vs. dopaminergic treatment options in restless legs syndrome.

Wanner V, Garcia Malo C, Romero S, et al.

Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) 2019; (84()):187-205 doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2019.02.003.

Update on Research and Practices in Major Sleep Disorders: Part II-Insomnia, Willis-Ekbom Disease (Restless Leg Syndrome), and Narcolepsy.

Chaiard J, Weaver TE

Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing 2019; (51(6)):624-633 doi:10.1111/jnu.12515.

Identification of Restless Legs Syndrome Genes by Mutational Load Analysis.

Tilch E, Schormair B, Zhao C, et al.

Annals of neurology 2020; (87(2)):184-193 doi:10.1002/ana.25658.

Baseline and 1-year longitudinal data from the National Restless Legs Syndrome Opioid Registry.

Winkelman JW, Purks J, Wipper B

Sleep 2021; (44(2)) doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa183.

Opioids and sleep.

Cutrufello NJ, Ianus VD, Rowley JA

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 2020; (26(6)):634-641 doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000733.

Association between restless legs syndrome and peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG

European journal of neurology 2021; (28(7)):2423-2442 doi:10.1111/ene.14840.

Restless Legs Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis.

Güneş T, Emre U, Erdal Y, Yalin OÖ

Noro psikiyatri arsivi 2021; (58(2)):94-98 doi:10.29399/npa.23429.

Restless Legs Syndrome among patients receiving antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs.

Elrassas HH, Elsayed YAR, Abdeen MS, et al.

Human psychopharmacology 2022; (37(2)):e2817 doi:10.1002/hup.2817.

The Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome: Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Zhou X, Du J, Liang Y, et al.

Frontiers in neuroscience 2021; (15()):751643 doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.751643.

Restless legs syndrome: An overview of pathophysiology, comorbidities and therapeutic approaches (Review).

Vlasie A, Trifu SC, Lupuleac C, et al.

Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2022; (23(2)):185 doi:10.3892/etm.2021.11108.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adult patients with primary restless legs syndrome.

Mazurie Z, Mayo W, Ghorayeb I

Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2024; (31(4)):639-646 doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2057857.

Treating Severe Refractory and Augmented Restless Legs Syndrome.

Winkelman JW

Chest 2022; (162(3)):693-700 doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.05.014.

Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome associated factors: A retrospective chart review.

Garcia X, Mohammad ME, Patel S, et al.

Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders 2022; (7()):100153 doi:10.1016/j.prdoa.2022.100153.

Exploration of restless legs syndrome under the new concept: A review.

Liu Z, Guan R, Pan L

Medicine 2022; (101(50)):e32324 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000032324.

Long-term Safety, Dose Stability, and Efficacy of Opioids for Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome in the National RLS Opioid Registry.

Winkelman JW, Wipper B, Zackon J

Neurology 2023; (100(14)):e1520-e1528 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000206855.

Weighted Blanket Therapy for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder: A Case Report Highlighting Improved Sleep Quality and Reduced Symptoms.

Nouman Aslam M, Kafle R, Shawl SH, et al.

Cureus 2023; (15(5)):e39622 doi:10.7759/cureus.39622.

Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Liu Y, Du Q, Jiang Y

Sleep medicine 2024; (114()):15-23 doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.1138.

Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mislu E, Assalfew B, Arage MW, et al.

Frontiers in medicine 2023; (10()):1326337 doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1326337.

Case report: A new treatment for restless leg syndrome: three cases.

Li Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Zhang W

Frontiers in neuroscience 2024; (18()):1333188 doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1333188.

Global prevalence of restless legs syndrome among hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Zhou XH, Liu Y, Zhang XR, et al.

Brain and behavior 2024; (14(1)):e3378 doi:10.1002/brb3.3378.

Treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline.

Winkelman JW, Berkowski JA, DelRosso LM, et al.

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(1)):137-152 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11390.

Circadian Pattern in Restless Legs Syndrome: Implications for Treatment Posology.

Garcia-Malo C, Cano-Pumarega I, Castro-Villacañas-Farzamnia A, Boi S

Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2024; (17(4)):e470-e475 doi:10.1055/s-0044-1782176.

The complexities in the differential diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease).

Poplawska-Domaszewicz K, Rota S, Qamar MA, Chaudhuri KR

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2025; (25(2)):157-173 doi:10.1080/14737175.2025.2450639.

Clinical Features of Childhood Restless Legs Syndrome.

Imran S, Jayaram S, Kalra M

Sleep medicine clinics 2025; (20(2)):165-173 doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2025.02.003.

Exploring the Top 50 Drugs Associated with Restless Legs Syndrome Based on the FDA Data from 2004 to 2024.

Wei S, Song X, Chen R, et al.

Nature and science of sleep 2025; (17()):929-946 doi:10.2147/NSS.S513538.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous iron in patients with restless legs syndrome with normal serum ferritin levels: a stratified subanalysis.

Garcia-Malo C, Garcia-Borreguero D, Silber MH

Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2025; (21(12)):2023-2029 doi:10.5664/jcsm.11846.

[Current issues of diagnosis and therapy of patients with restless legs syndrome].

Gorbachev NA, Balabanova MA, Zakharova AS, Poluektov MG

Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova 2025; (125(10)):7-11 doi:10.17116/jnevro20251251017.

Restless Legs Syndrome and Neurological Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.

Ghattas K, Hernandez H, Huh Y, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2026; (15(10)) doi:10.3390/jcm15103725.

Iron therapy & restless legs syndrome: a narrative review.

Phan DM, Lam MY, Trang MN

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung 2026; (30(4)).