Research & Literature

Therapeutic management of severe relapses in multiple sclerosis.

Bevan C, Gelfand JM

Current treatment options in neurology 2015; (17(4)):345 doi:10.1007/s11940-015-0345-6.

Severe disease reactivation in four patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after fingolimod cessation.

Berger B, Baumgartner A, Rauer S, et al.

Journal of neuroimmunology 2015; (282()):118-22.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Panicker JN, Fowler CJ

Handbook of clinical neurology 2015; (130()):371-81.

Oral versus intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone for treatment of relapses in patients with multiple sclerosis (COPOUSEP): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.

Le Page E, Veillard D, Laplaud DA, et al.

Lancet (London, England) 2015; (386(9997)):974-81.

Safety and Tolerability of Fingolimod in Latin American Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: The Open-Label FIRST LATAM Study.

Ordoñez-Boschetti L, Rey R, Cruz A, et al.

Advances in therapy 2015; (32(7)):626-35 doi:10.1007/s12325-015-0224-2.

Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis--establishing disease prognosis and monitoring patients.

Wattjes MP, Rovira À, Miller D, et al.

Nature reviews. Neurology 2015; (11(10)):597-606 doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2015.157.

No evidence of disease activity in multiple sclerosis: Implications on cognition and brain atrophy.

Damasceno A, Damasceno BP, Cendes F

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2016; (22(1)):64-72 doi:10.1177/1352458515604383.

Stratification and monitoring of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk: recommendations from an expert group.

McGuigan C, Craner M, Guadagno J, et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry 2016; (87(2)):117-25 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2015-311100.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: current treatment options and future perspectives.

Pavlovic D, Patera AC, Nyberg F, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2015; (8(6)):255-73 doi:10.1177/1756285615602832.

High-intensity resistance training in multiple sclerosis - An exploratory study of effects on immune markers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and on mood, fatigue, health-related quality of life, muscle strength, walking and cognition.

Kierkegaard M, Lundberg IE, Olsson T, et al.

Journal of the neurological sciences 2016; (362()):251-7.

High cumulative JC virus seroconversion rate during long-term use of natalizumab.

Vennegoor A, van Rossum JA, Leurs C, et al.

European journal of neurology 2016; (23(6)):1079-85 doi:10.1111/ene.12988.

NEDA status in highly active MS can be more easily obtained with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than other drugs.

Sormani MP, Muraro PA, Saccardi R, Mancardi G

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2017; (23(2)):201-204 doi:10.1177/1352458516645670.

Characterizing absolute lymphocyte count profiles in dimethyl fumarate-treated patients with MS: Patient management considerations.

Fox RJ, Chan A, Gold R, et al.

Neurology. Clinical practice 2016; (6(3)):220-229 doi:10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000238.

Predictors of Response to Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics in Individual Patients.

Hegen H, Auer M, Deisenhammer F

Drugs 2016; (76(15)):1421-1445 doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0639-3.

Safety concerns and risk management of multiple sclerosis therapies.

Soelberg Sorensen P

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2017; (136(3)):168-186 doi:10.1111/ane.12712.

No evidence of disease activity in patients receiving daclizumab versus intramuscular interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in the DECIDE study.

Kappos L, Havrdova E, Giovannoni G, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2017; (23(13)):1736-1747 doi:10.1177/1352458516683266.

Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of natalizumab in Japanese multiple sclerosis patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial and open-label pharmacokinetic study.

Saida T, Kira JI, Kishida S, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2017; (11()):25-31 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.11.002.

Extensive white matter lesions after 2 years of fingolimod: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or MS relapse?

Boudot de la Motte M, Louapre C, Bertrand A, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2017; (23(4)):614-616 doi:10.1177/1352458516682858.

Distinct brain imaging characteristics of autoantibody-mediated CNS conditions and multiple sclerosis.

Jurynczyk M, Geraldes R, Probert F, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2017; (140(3)):617-627 doi:10.1093/brain/aww350.

Evolving role of MRI in optimizing the treatment of multiple sclerosis: Canadian Consensus recommendations.

Arnold DL, Li D, Hohol M, et al.

Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical 2015; (1()):2055217315589775 doi:10.1177/2055217315589775.

The use of natalizumab for multiple sclerosis.

Brandstadter R, Katz Sand I

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment 2017; (13()):1691-1702 doi:10.2147/NDT.S114636.

Benefit-Risk Profile of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators in Relapsing and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Comi G, Hartung HP, Bakshi R, et al.

Drugs 2017; (77(16)):1755-1768 doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0814-1.

Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies.

Ho PR, Koendgen H, Campbell N, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2017; (16(11)):925-933 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30282-X.

Lesion topographies in multiple sclerosis diagnosis: A reappraisal.

Arrambide G, Tintore M, Auger C, et al.

Neurology 2017; (89(23)):2351-2356 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000004715.

Oral versus intravenous methylprednisolone for the treatment of multiple sclerosis relapses: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Liu S, Liu X, Chen S, et al.

PloS one 2017; (12(11)):e0188644 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188644.

Assessing 'No Evidence of Disease Activity' Status in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Fingolimod in Routine Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Analysis of the Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcomes in the USA (MS-MRIUS) Study.

Weinstock-Guttman B, Medin J, Khan N, et al.

CNS drugs 2018; (32(1)):75-84 doi:10.1007/s40263-017-0482-4.

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria.

Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2018; (17(2)):162-173 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2.

Association of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Lesion Volume With JC Virus Polymerase Chain Reaction Results in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Natalizumab-Treated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Wijburg MT, Kleerekooper I, Lissenberg-Witte BI, et al.

JAMA neurology 2018; (75(7)):827-833 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0094.

Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned.

Major EO, Yousry TA, Clifford DB

The Lancet. Neurology 2018; (17(5)):467-480 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30040-1.

Practice guideline recommendations summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Rae-Grant A, Day GS, Marrie RA, et al.

Neurology 2018; (90(17)):777-788 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000005347.

Repository corticotropin injection in multiple sclerosis: an update.

Kutz CF, Dix AL

Neurodegenerative disease management 2018; (8(4)):217-225 doi:10.2217/nmt-2018-0008.

72-Week Safety and Tolerability of Dimethyl Fumarate in Japanese Patients with Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of the Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III APEX Study and its Open-Label Extension.

Ochi H, Niino M, Onizuka Y, et al.

Advances in therapy 2018; (35(10)):1598-1611 doi:10.1007/s12325-018-0788-8.

A review of the effects of baclofen and of THC:CBD oromucosal spray on spasticity-related walking impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Arroyo González R

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2018; (18(10)):785-791 doi:10.1080/14737175.2018.1510772.

B cells from patients with multiple sclerosis have a pathogenic phenotype and increased LTα and TGFβ1 response.

McWilliam O, Sellebjerg F, Marquart HV, von Essen MR

Journal of neuroimmunology 2018; (324()):157-164 doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.001.

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: prevalence, impact, and management strategies.

Preziosi G, Gordon-Dixon A, Emmanuel A

Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease 2018; (8()):79-90 doi:10.2147/DNND.S138835.

Pathogenic Mechanisms Associated With Different Clinical Courses of Multiple Sclerosis.

Lassmann H

Frontiers in immunology 2018; (9()):3116 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03116.

Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus With Immune-Escape Mutations After Ocrelizumab Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis.

Ciardi MR, Iannetta M, Zingaropoli MA, et al.

Open forum infectious diseases 2019; (6(1)):ofy356 doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy356.

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: revisions of the McDonald criteria 2017 - continuity and change.

Hartung HP, Graf J, Aktas O, et al.

Current opinion in neurology 2019; (32(3)):327-337 doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000699.

Management of Multiple Sclerosis Relapses.

Repovic P

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2019; (25(3)):655-669 doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000739.

Nocturia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

Peyronnet B, Krupp LB, Reynolds WS, et al.

Reviews in urology 2019; (21(2-3)):63-73.

Consensus document on the multidisciplinary management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Medina-Polo J, Adot JM, Allué M, et al.

Neurourology and urodynamics 2020; (39(2)):762-770 doi:10.1002/nau.24276.

The action of TH17 cells on blood brain barrier in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Balasa R, Barcutean L, Balasa A, et al.

Human immunology 2020; (81(5)):237-243 doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2020.02.009.

Plasma Exchange or Immunoadsorption in Demyelinating Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.

Lipphardt M, Wallbach M, Koziolek MJ

Journal of clinical medicine 2020; (9(5)) doi:10.3390/jcm9051597.

Neurourological assessment in people with multiple sclerosis (MS): a new evaluated algorithm.

Domurath B, Kurze I, Kirschner-Hermanns R, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2020; (44()):102248 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102248.

The apparently milder course of multiple sclerosis: changes in the diagnostic criteria, therapy and natural history.

Sorensen PS, Sellebjerg F, Hartung HP, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2020; (143(9)):2637-2652 doi:10.1093/brain/awaa145.

Effects of MS disease-modifying therapies on responses to vaccinations: A review.

Ciotti JR, Valtcheva MV, Cross AH

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2020; (45()):102439 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102439.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients.

Jordan AL, Yang J, Fisher CJ, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2022; (28(1)):7-15 doi:10.1177/1352458520949158.

Ozanimod to Treat Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects.

Lassiter G, Melancon C, Rooney T, et al.

Neurology international 2020; (12(3)):89-108 doi:10.3390/neurolint12030016.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG associated disorder: A comprehensive neuro-ophthalmic review.

Sharma J, Bhatti MT, Danesh-Meyer HV

Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 2021; (49(2)):186-202 doi:10.1111/ceo.13863.

Therapeutic plasma exchange in steroid-refractory multiple sclerosis relapses. A retrospective two-center study.

Blechinger S, Ehler J, Bsteh G, et al.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders 2021; (14()):1756286420975642 doi:10.1177/1756286420975642.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.

McGinley MP, Goldschmidt CH, Rae-Grant AD

JAMA 2021; (325(8)):765-779 doi:10.1001/jama.2020.26858.

Ponesimod Compared With Teriflunomide in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in the Active-Comparator Phase 3 OPTIMUM Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Kappos L, Fox RJ, Burcklen M, et al.

JAMA neurology 2021; (78(5)):558-567 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0405.

Infection Mitigation Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis Patients on Oral and Monoclonal Disease-Modifying Therapies.

Smith TE, Kister I

Current neurology and neuroscience reports 2021; (21(7)):36 doi:10.1007/s11910-021-01117-y.

Prognostic Accuracy of NEDA-3 in Long-term Outcomes of Multiple Sclerosis.

Prosperini L, Ruggieri S, Haggiag S, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2021; (8(6)) doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000001059.

Alemtuzumab in a Large Real-Life Cohort: Interim Baseline Data of the TREAT-MS Study.

Ziemssen T, Hoffmann F, Richter S, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2021; (12()):620758 doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.620758.

Humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination concomitant to anti-CD20 therapy in multiple sclerosis.

Novak F, Nilsson AC, Nielsen C, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2021; (56()):103251 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103251.

Measuring treatment response to advance precision medicine for multiple sclerosis.

Calabresi PA, Kappos L, Giovannoni G, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2021; (8(11)):2166-2173 doi:10.1002/acn3.51471.

Case Report: Persisting Lymphopenia During Neuropsychiatric Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis Rebound Upon Fingolimod Withdrawal.

Koska V, Förster M, Brouzou K, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2021; (12()):785180 doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.785180.

Central vein sign: A putative diagnostic marker for multiple sclerosis.

Chaaban L, Safwan N, Moussa H, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2022; (145(3)):279-287 doi:10.1111/ane.13553.

Incidence of persistent lymphopenia in people with multiple sclerosis on dimethyl fumarate.

Wood CH, Robertson NP, Htet ZM, Tallantyre EC

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022; (58()):103492 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103492.

How patients with multiple sclerosis acquire disability.

Lublin FD, Häring DA, Ganjgahi H, et al.

Brain : a journal of neurology 2022; (145(9)):3147-3161 doi:10.1093/brain/awac016.

Pelvic floor muscle training in multiple sclerosis patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kajbafvala M, Ashnagar Z, Lucio A, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022; (59()):103559 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103559.

A comprehensive review of varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus and cryptococcal infections associated with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis patients.

Sharma K, Chaudhary D, Beard K, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2022; (59()):103675 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.103675.

Ocrelizumab: A Review in Multiple Sclerosis.

Lamb YN

Drugs 2022; (82(3)):323-334 doi:10.1007/s40265-022-01672-9.

Neuropsychological Disability in the Case of Natalizumab-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

Lo Buono V, D'Aleo G, Cammaroto S, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2022; (58(4)) doi:10.3390/medicina58040551.

Early use of high-efficacy disease‑modifying therapies makes the difference in people with multiple sclerosis: an expert opinion.

Filippi M, Amato MP, Centonze D, et al.

Journal of neurology 2022; (269(10)):5382-5394 doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11193-w.

Consensus on early detection of disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Meca-Lallana JE, Casanova B, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, et al.

Frontiers in neurology 2022; (13()):931014 doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.931014.

Paramagnetic rims are a promising diagnostic imaging biomarker in multiple sclerosis.

Meaton I, Altokhis A, Allen CM, et al.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) 2022; (28(14)):2212-2220 doi:10.1177/13524585221118677.

Online psychological interventions to improve symptoms in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review: Online psychological interventions in Multiple Sclerosis.

Montañés-Masias B, Bort-Roig J, Pascual JC, et al.

Acta neurologica Scandinavica 2022; (146(5)):448-464 doi:10.1111/ane.13709.

Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.

Liu R, Du S, Zhao L, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2022; (13()):996469 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469.

Ocrelizumab Concentration Is a Good Predictor of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

van Kempen ZLE, Hogenboom L, Toorop AA, et al.

Annals of neurology 2023; (93(1)):103-108 doi:10.1002/ana.26534.

Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.

Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2023; (22(3)):268-282 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8.

Hypogammaglobulinemia, late-onset neutropenia, and infections following rituximab.

Athni TS, Barmettler S

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2023; (130(6)):699-712 doi:10.1016/j.anai.2023.01.018.

Cost, efficacy, and safety comparison between early intensive and escalating strategies for multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pipek LZ, Mahler JV, Nascimento RFV, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2023; (71()):104581 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.104581.

Predictors of hypogammaglobulinemia and serious infections among patients receiving ocrelizumab or rituximab for treatment of MS and NMOSD.

Mears V, Jakubecz C, Seeco C, et al.

Journal of neuroimmunology 2023; (377()):578066 doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578066.

An update on the use of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis.

Dumitrescu L, Papathanasiou A, Coclitu C, et al.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 2023; (24(4)):495-509 doi:10.1080/14656566.2023.2178898.

The benefits and risks of escalation versus early highly effective treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Morgan A, Tallantyre E, Ontaneda D

Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2023; (23(5)):433-444 doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2208347.

Escalation Versus Induction/High-Efficacy Treatment Strategies for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Which is Best for Patients?

Edan G, Le Page E

Drugs 2023; (83(15)):1351-1363 doi:10.1007/s40265-023-01942-0.

Epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: A population-based study in Isfahan, Iran, between 1997-2020.

Etemadifar M, Abhari AP, Yadegarfar G, et al.

Current journal of neurology 2021; (20(4)):222-228 doi:10.18502/cjn.v20i4.8348.

Neutropaenia complications from Ocrelizumab and Rituximab treatment.

Pang V, Seery N, Wesselingh R, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2024; (81()):105147 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105147.

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: causes, consequences, and potential effects of therapies.

Zierfuss B, Larochelle C, Prat A

The Lancet. Neurology 2024; (23(1)):95-109 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00377-0.

Disseminated tuberculosis associated with fingolimod treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Ong S, Kibbler J, Maxwell G, Steer J

BMJ case reports 2024; (17(1)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2023-255011.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators in multiple sclerosis treatment: A practical review.

Coyle PK, Freedman MS, Cohen BA, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2024; (11(4)):842-855 doi:10.1002/acn3.52017.

Drugs Targeting CD20 in Multiple Sclerosis: Pharmacology, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability.

Carlson AK, Amin M, Cohen JA

Drugs 2024; (84(3)):285-304 doi:10.1007/s40265-024-02011-w.

Ocrelizumab-induced organizing pneumonia in multiple sclerosis: case report and literature review.

Usman S, Cheema M, Ghuman Z, et al.

Archive of clinical cases 2024; (11(2)):69-73 doi:10.22551/2024.43.1102.10291.

Siponimod-associated cystoid macular edema without known risk factors.

Kim MY, Alkhabaz A, Smith SJ, Liao YJ

American journal of ophthalmology case reports 2024; (36()):102124 doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102124.

Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis in Kuwait.

Alroughani R, AlMojel M, Qasem D, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2025; (248()):108643 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108643.

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Brazil: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis.

Moura JA, Teixeira LADC, Tanor W, et al.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery 2025; (249()):108741 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2025.108741.

Investigating Whether Dissemination in Time Is Essential to Diagnose Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

Brownlee WJ, Foster MA, Pontillo G, et al.

Neurology 2025; (104(7)):e210274 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000210274.

The role of the adaptive immune system in the initiation and persistence of multiple sclerosis.

Afzali AM, Korn T

Seminars in immunology 2025; (78()):101947 doi:10.1016/j.smim.2025.101947.

Early Intensive Versus Escalation Approach: Ten-Year Impact on Disability in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

Iaffaldano P, Lucisano G, Guerra T, et al.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology 2025; (12(10)):2012-2019 doi:10.1002/acn3.70131.

Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Glenn T, Berger JR, McEntire CRS

Frontiers in neurology 2025; (16()):1575653 doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1575653.

Central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesion abbreviated counting methods for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Toljan K, Amin M, Ontaneda D

Clinical radiology 2025; (88()):106984 doi:10.1016/j.crad.2025.106984.

Real-world comparison of lymphopenia profiles in S1P receptor modulators for multiple sclerosis: a multicenter retrospective study.

Maniscalco GT, Sparaco M, Di Gregorio M, et al.

Journal of neurology 2025; (272(9)):559 doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13300-z.

Positive cerebrospinal fluid in the 2024 McDonald criteria for multiple sclerosis.

Deisenhammer F, Hegen H, Arrambide G, et al.

EBioMedicine 2025; (120()):105905 doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105905.

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria.

Montalban X, Lebrun-Frénay C, Oh J, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2025; (24(10)):850-865 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00270-4.

The use of optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potentials in the 2024 McDonald diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis.

Saidha S, Green AJ, Leocani L, et al.

The Lancet. Neurology 2025; (24(10)):880-892 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00275-3.

Hypogammaglobulinemia and infection risks in multiple sclerosis patients receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: Incidence, clinical implications, and longitudinal insights from a three-year Iranian cohort.

Fallah EA, Emami A, Moghaddam NB, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2025; (106()):106887 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106887.

Post-infusion observation of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving natalizumab: Is it necessary?

Bafrani MA, Ahmadi NS, Idjadi FZ, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2026; (107()):106995 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.106995.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Flanagan EP, Hemingway C

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) 2026; (32(2)):481-512 doi:10.1212/cont.0000000000001678.

Updated French OFSEP recommendations for multiple sclerosis MRI: alignment with the 2024 McDonald criteria.

Lecler A, Mondot L, Homo C, et al.

Journal of neuroradiology = Journal de neuroradiologie 2026; (53(5)):101576 doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2026.101576.

Evaluating the risk: Hepatitis B virus reactivation in ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis: A single-center experience and review of the literature.

Ozbay BO, Kulu U, Baştuğ A, et al.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders 2026; (113()):107371 doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.107371.

Use of Fluid Biomarkers in NMOSD and MOGAD: Clinical and Research Applications.

Mariotto S, Cobo-Calvo A, Khalil M, et al.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation 2026; (13(5)):e200627 doi:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200627.

Cardiac arrhythmias associated with S1PRMs: a pharmacovigilance study based on real-world data.

Wang S, Xie L, Ma P

Frontiers in pharmacology 2026; (17()):1882323 doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1882323.