Research & Literature

Addison's disease in a patient with hypothyroidism: autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.

Bain A, Stewart M, Mwamure P, Nirmalaraj K

BMJ case reports 2015; (2015()).

Effect of steroid replacement on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in Addison's disease with primary hypothyroidism.

Sahoo JP, Selviambigapathy J, Kamalanathan S, et al.

Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism 2016; (20(2)):162-6 doi:10.4103/2230-8210.176356.

From Genetic Predisposition to Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Primary Adrenal Insufficiency.

Falorni A, Brozzetti A, Perniola R

Frontiers of hormone research 2016; (46()):115-32 doi:10.1159/000443871.

Conduct protocol in emergency: Acute adrenal insufficiency.

Fares AB, Santos RA

Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) 2016; (62(8)):728-734 doi:10.1590/1806-9282.62.08.728.

Adrenal crisis and autoimmune polyglandular syndromes.

Freeland ZK, Lueking R, Tsai-Nguyen G, et al.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) 2017; (30(4)):427-428 doi:10.1080/08998280.2017.11930214.

Management of adrenal emergencies in educated patients with adrenal insufficiency-A prospective study.

Burger-Stritt S, Kardonski P, Pulzer A, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2018; (89(1)):22-29 doi:10.1111/cen.13608.

Adrenal crisis in a 14-year-old boy 12 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Penger T, Albrecht A, Marx M, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2018; (2018()).

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1.

Humbert L, Cornu M, Proust-Lemoine E, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2018; (9()):2570 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02570.

Polyglandular syndrome type 2 in a Mexican family and its association with human leukocyte antigen.

Bermeo-Cabrera J, Reza-Albarrán AA, Granados J, et al.

Clinical case reports 2019; (7(1)):79-82 doi:10.1002/ccr3.1919.

Daily adjustment of glucocorticoids by patients with adrenal insufficiency.

Schöfl C, Mayr B, Maison N, et al.

Clinical endocrinology 2019; (91(2)):256-262 doi:10.1111/cen.14004.

Initiation of levothyroxine in a patient with hypothyroidism inducing adrenal crisis requiring VA ECMO: a tale of preventable disaster.

Kang MS, Sandhu CS, Singh N, Evans T

BMJ case reports 2019; (12(8)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-230601.

Prehospital Management of Acute Addison Disease: Audit of Patients Attending a Referral Hospital in a Regional Area.

Goubar T, Torpy DJ, McGrath S, Rushworth RL

Journal of the Endocrine Society 2019; (3(12)):2194-2203 doi:10.1210/js.2019-00263.

Prevention of Adrenal Crisis: Cortisol Responses to Major Stress Compared to Stress Dose Hydrocortisone Delivery.

Prete A, Taylor AE, Bancos I, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2020; (105(7)) doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa133.

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE Disease burden and treatment challenges in patients with both Addison's disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Chantzichristos D, Eliasson B, Johannsson G

European journal of endocrinology 2020; (183(1)):R1-R11.

A Patient with Fulminant Myasthenia Gravis Is Seropositive for Both AChR and LRP4 Antibodies, Complicated by Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 3.

Inoue H, Yamada K, Fujii A, et al.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 2020; (59(17)):2177-2181 doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.4708-20.

Increased risk of endocrine autoimmunity in first-degree relatives of patients with autoimmune Addison's disease.

Fichna M, Małecki PP, Młodzikowska M, et al.

European journal of endocrinology 2020; (183(1)):73-81.

The altered circadian pattern of basal insulin requirements - an early marker of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Pallayova M, Breznoscakova D

Endocrine regulations 2020; (54(2)):126-132.

Adrenocortical Crisis Triggered by Levothyroxine in an Unrecognized Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type-2: A Case Report with Review of the Literature.

Patel DM, Gurumikhani JK, Patel MV, et al.

Current drug safety 2021; (16(1)):101-106 doi:10.2174/1574886315666200826095842.

ICPis-Induced Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2: A Review of the Literature and a Protocol for Optimal Management.

Shi Y, Shen M, Zheng X, et al.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2020; (105(12)) doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa553.

Lessons of the month: A challenging presentation of hypopituitarism secondary to an intracerebral aneurysm.

Mullarkey EM, Iyer A, Ihuoma A

Clinical medicine (London, England) 2021; (21(2)):e228-e230 doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-1017.

Novel presentation of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome II in a child with simultaneous Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A case report.

Staub K, Abrams P

Clinical case reports 2021; (9(8)):e04453 doi:10.1002/ccr3.4453.

Delay in Diagnosis of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2 as a Consequence of Misinterpretation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

Gonciarz M, Krogulecki M, Brodowska-Kania D, et al.

Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine 2022; (2022()):6623020 doi:10.1155/2022/6623020.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2: A case report.

Bakkour A, Zakkor MD, Taha Khairy L, et al.

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) 2022; (78()):103742 doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103742.

Adolescent onset of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.

Murphy SA, Mohd Din FH, O'Grady MJ

BMJ case reports 2022; (15(5)) doi:10.1136/bcr-2022-249839.

Adrenal crisis in a patient with APS2 due to COVID-19: A case report.

Suryadevara V, Merugu C, Perumal NL, et al.

Journal of family medicine and primary care 2022; (11(5)):2228-2230 doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1405_21.

Atypical Case of Schmidt's Syndrome in a Young Male.

Abdullah I, Bdaiwi AS, Wess M, Camferdam RR

Cureus 2022; (14(6)):e26322 doi:10.7759/cureus.26322.

[Just Anorexia?]

Schafroth C, Oestmann A

Praxis 2022; (111(12)):707-709 doi:10.1024/1661-8157/a003899.

Type 3 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-3) or type 3 multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS-3): an expanding galaxy.

Betterle C, Furmaniak J, Sabbadin C, et al.

Journal of endocrinological investigation 2023; (46(4)):643-665 doi:10.1007/s40618-022-01994-1.

[Adrenal crisis in a child].

Holmberg NH, Haagensen AL

Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke 2023; (143(2)) doi:10.4045/tidsskr.22.0354.

Acute adrenal crisis precipitated by thyroid storm in a patient with undiagnosed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2.

Lassoued N, Alaya W, Rebai S, et al.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports 2023; (2023(2)).

Clinical insights of pregnancy management, adrenal insufficiency as a possible cause of elevated TSH: a pilot study of case series.

Kanazawa K, Inaba T, Koga S, Kuwabara K

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 2023; (23(1)):711 doi:10.1186/s12884-023-06015-4.

Early-onset Chronic Keratitis as the First Presenting Component of Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Şimşek E, Şimşek T, Çilingir O

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology 2025; (17(3)):359-364 doi:10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-9-17.

APECED and the place of AIRE in the puzzle of the immune network associated with autoimmunity.

Aytekin ES, Cagdas D

Scandinavian journal of immunology 2023; (98(2)):e13299 doi:10.1111/sji.13299.

Exploring Chronic Hypocalcemia: Insights into Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1-A Case Study and Literature Review.

Brad GF, Nicoară DM, Scutca AC, et al.

Journal of clinical medicine 2024; (13(8)) doi:10.3390/jcm13082368.

Challenges in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 with the full triad induced by anti-programmed cell death 1: a case report and review of the literature.

Pan Q, Li P

Frontiers in immunology 2024; (15()):1366335 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366335.

People With Adrenal Insufficiency Who Are in Adrenal Crisis Are Frequently Unable to Self-Administer Rescue Injections.

Hover WJ, Krein AD, Kallet J, et al.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2025; (31(5)):625-630 doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2025.02.017.

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 in children: a case report and literature review.

Liu Y, Wang F, Zhang L, et al.

BMC pediatrics 2025; (25(1)):351 doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05697-3.

Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults: A Review.

Vaidya A, Findling J, Bancos I

JAMA 2025; (334(8)):714-725 doi:10.1001/jama.2025.5485.

Thyroxine Reveals Addison's Disease: A Case Report.

Tsinopoulou VR, Kolanis S, Katsarou D, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(6)):e86299 doi:10.7759/cureus.86299.

A Case of Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 in Childhood: Unraveling a Rare and Complex Endocrine Puzzle.

Tayong FM, Gul F, Srujana K, et al.

Cureus 2025; (17(7)):e87595 doi:10.7759/cureus.87595.

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 With Hurthle Cell Adenoma: A Rare Association.

Pandya SS, Shah K, Chavda H, Shah K

Cureus 2025; (17(9)):e92931 doi:10.7759/cureus.92931.

The "polyglandular crisis" behind recurrent hyponatremia: misdiagnosis of a case of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 and clinical lessons learned.

Yan M, Wu H, Deng J, et al.

Frontiers in immunology 2026; (17()):1744295 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1744295.