Research & Literature

Scleromyxedema with histology resembling granuloma annulare.

Mullangi S, Granter SR, Laubach JP, Lipworth AD

Dermatology online journal 2014; (21(3)).

Histopathologic characteristics of scleromyxedema: A study of a series of 34 cases.

Rongioletti F, Merlo G, Carli C, et al.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2016; (74(6)):1194-200.

[Atypical scleromyxedema with a granulomatous histological pattern and delayed sclerosis].

de Cambourg G, Goussot R, Wettlé C, Cribier B

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie 2016; (143(5)):382-6.

Scleromyxedema: long-term follow-up after high-dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation.

Chockalingam R, Duvic M

International journal of dermatology 2016; (55(10)):e539-43 doi:10.1111/ijd.13315.

Neurological Involvement in the Course of Scleromyxedema: A Case Report.

Spagnolo F, Nozzoli C, Rini A, et al.

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2016; (25(9)):e148-50.

Lichen myxedematosus: diagnostic criteria, classification, and severity grading.

Nofal A, Amer H, Alakad R, et al.

International journal of dermatology 2017; (56(3)):284-290 doi:10.1111/ijd.13437.

Case for diagnosis. Lichen myxedematosus.

Rebellato PR, Carbonar MB, Tabuti NI, Rastelli GJ

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2016; (91(6)):842-843 doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165725.

Scleromyxedema: clinical diagnosis and autopsy findings.

Sala AC, Cunha PR, Pinto CA, et al.

Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 2016; (91(5 suppl 1)):48-50 doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164527.

Cutaneous Manifestations of Scleroderma and Scleroderma-Like Disorders: a Comprehensive Review.

Ferreli C, Gasparini G, Parodi A, et al.

Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology 2017; (53(3)):306-336 doi:10.1007/s12016-017-8625-4.

European dermatology forum S1-guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of sclerosing diseases of the skin, Part 2: Scleromyxedema, scleredema and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.

Knobler R, Moinzadeh P, Hunzelmann N, et al.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2017; (31(10)):1581-1594 doi:10.1111/jdv.14466.

Interstitial Granulomatous Variant of Scleromyxedema-A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Long V, Tan W, Lee SSJ, Thng TGS

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2018; (40(4)):279-282 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000000988.

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of dermatological autoimmune diseases.

Hoffmann JHO, Enk AH

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2017; (15(12)):1211-1226 doi:10.1111/ddg.13389.

Papular mucinosis, or localized lichen myxedematosis (LM) (discrete papular type).

Christman MP, Sukhdeo K, Kim RH, et al.

Dermatology online journal 2017; (23(12)).

[Scleromyxedema].

Neufeld M, Sunderkötter C, Moritz RKC

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete 2018; (69(11)):916-921 doi:10.1007/s00105-018-4257-8.

[Mimetics of systemic sclerosis].

Jendrek ST, Kahle B, Riemekasten G

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie 2019; (78(1)):14-23 doi:10.1007/s00393-018-0538-y.

Localized Lichen Myxedematosus With Plasma Cell Light Chain Restriction: Is It the Exception or the Rule?

Elwyn LB, Combs A, Villada G, et al.

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2019; (41(7)):505-510 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000001335.

Scleromyxedema (Arndt - Gottron Syndrome) Developing Under Tenofovir Treatment for Hepatitis B: Unique Presentation in a Bulgarian Patient!

Temelkova I, Patterson JW, Tchernev G

Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences 2019; (7(5)):782-785 doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.181.

Clinical and Molecular Phenotyping in Scleromyxedema Pretreatment and Posttreatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin.

Mecoli CA, Talbot CC, Fava A, et al.

Arthritis care & research 2020; (72(6)):761-767 doi:10.1002/acr.23908.

Discrete Papular Lichen Myxedematosus and Scleromyxedema with Hypothyroidism: A Report of Two Cases.

Shenoy A, Steixner J, Beltrani V, Gottlieb A

Case reports in dermatology 2019; (11(1)):64-70 doi:10.1159/000498881.

High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Skin Autoimmune Disease.

Hoffmann JHO, Enk AH

Frontiers in immunology 2019; (10()):1090 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01090.

An unusual presentation of scleromyxedema as inflammatory myopathy.

Vysakha KV, Poyuran R, Nair SS, Nair M

Acta myologica : myopathies and cardiomyopathies : official journal of the Mediterranean Society of Myology 2019; (38(1)):13-16.

Increased frequency of interleukin-4 and reduced frequency of interferon-γ and IL-17-producing CD4+ and CD8+ cells in scleromyxedema.

Kalli F, Cioni M, Parodi A, et al.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2020; (34(5)):1092-1097 doi:10.1111/jdv.16136.

Severe but reversible pulmonary hypertension in scleromyxedema and multiple myeloma: a case report.

Kreidy M, Al-Hilli A, Yachoui R, Resnick J

BMC pulmonary medicine 2020; (20(1)):8 doi:10.1186/s12890-019-1020-6.

Plasma cell-directed therapies in monoclonal gammopathy-associated scleromyxedema.

Mahévas T, Arnulf B, Bouaziz JD, et al.

Blood 2020; (135(14)):1101-1110 doi:10.1182/blood.2019002300.

Scleromyxedema in a patient with thyroid disease: an atypical case or a case for revised criteria?

Hazan E, Griffin TD, Jabbour SA, Keller MS

Cutis 2020; (105(1)):E6-E10.

Scleromyxedema with multiple systemic involvement: Successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin.

Kim S, Park TH, Lee SM, et al.

Dermatologic therapy 2020; (33(3)):e13378 doi:10.1111/dth.13378.

Scleromyxedema treatment: a systematic review and update.

Haber R, Bachour J, El Gemayel M

International journal of dermatology 2020; (59(10)):1191-1201 doi:10.1111/ijd.14888.

Sclerodermalike syndromes: Great imitators.

Varjú C, Kumánovics G, Czirják L, et al.

Clinics in dermatology 2020; (38(2)):235-249 doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.010.

Acute Encephalitic Syndrome Induced by Scleromyxedema.

Magira EE, Malouchou A, Karathanasi V, et al.

The American journal of the medical sciences 2020; (360(2)):192-195 doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.018.

Characterization of circulating myeloma tumor cells by next generation flowcytometry in scleromyxedema patient: a case report.

Taha RY, Hasan S, Ibrahim F, et al.

Medicine 2020; (99(27)):e20726 doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000020726.

Long-Term Efficacy of Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Scleromyxedema.

Baglama Š, Trčko K

Acta dermatovenerologica Croatica : ADC 2020; (28(1)):24-28.

Scleromyxedema.

Hoffmann JHO, Enk AH

Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG 2020; (18(12)):1449-1467 doi:10.1111/ddg.14319.

IgG1 Subclass Restriction and Biochemical Peculiarities of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins in Scleromyxedema.

Petersen T, Mahévas T, Cannet P, et al.

Clinical laboratory 2021; (67(3)) doi:10.7754/Clin.Lab.2020.200605.

New insights on scleromyxedema.

Atzori L, Ferreli C, Rongioletti F

Journal of scleroderma and related disorders 2019; (4(2)):118-126 doi:10.1177/2397198318824929.

Clinical and histopathological improvement of scleromyxedema-induced microstomia after hyaluronidase injection.

Akaslan TÇ, Yıldız P, Onsun N

Journal of cosmetic dermatology 2022; (21(10)):4319-4322 doi:10.1111/jocd.15007.

Combination of Medical and Surgical Treatment in Scleromyxedema.

Duran-Lemarie MC, Cano-Aguilar LE, Berumen-Glinz C, et al.

Cureus 2022; (14(12)):e32729 doi:10.7759/cureus.32729.

Identifying the potential origin of mucin in primary cutaneous mucinoses-A retrospective study and analysis using histopathology and multiplex fluorescence staining.

Steinmann S, Guillet C, Cheng PF, et al.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2023; (37(7)):1302-1310 doi:10.1111/jdv.18992.

Generalized Muscular Uptake of 99m Tc-MDP on Bone Scan in a Patient With Scleromyxedema-Associated Myopathy.

Chen J, Zhang X, Li Q, et al.

Clinical nuclear medicine 2023; (48(9)):806-808 doi:10.1097/RLU.0000000000004712.

[Dermato-neuro syndrome-an acute and life-threatening complication of scleromyxedema Arndt-Gottron].

Linse KP, Enk A, Hoffmann J

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) 2023; (74(8)):618-620 doi:10.1007/s00105-023-05159-w.

[Scleromyxedema].

Sunderkötter C, Bruns T, Pfeiffer C

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) 2024; (75(3)):225-231 doi:10.1007/s00105-024-05303-0.

Plasma cell-directed therapies induce profound clinical and durable responses in patients with severe or relapsed/refractory scleromyxedema.

Theves F, Lahuna C, Mahévas T, et al.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV 2025; (39(5)):1011-1016 doi:10.1111/jdv.20257.

Treatment of a Complex Case of Scleromyxedema Using a Novel Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparation.

Vollmer AS, Wiedenmayer N, Winkler JK, Enk AH

Case reports in dermatology 2024; (16(1)):210-215 doi:10.1159/000540519.

Monoclonal Gammopathies of Clinical Significance-Scleromyxedema: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Liang S, Zeng J, Zhong P, et al.

Clinical case reports 2025; (13(8)):e70741 doi:10.1002/ccr3.70741.

Dupilumab improves itch, but not fibrosis, in a patient with scleromyxedema: A case report.

Peri K, Bouadi N, Nikonova A, et al.

SAGE open medical case reports 2026; (14()):2050313X261415589 doi:10.1177/2050313X261415589.

Treatment of scleromyxedema Arndt-Gottron with a novel intravenous immunoglobulin preparation.

Negele N, Winkler JK, Enk AH

Dermatology reports 2026; doi:10.4081/dr.2026.10557.

Cutaneous diseases caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin and/or free light chains (monoclonal gammopathy of cutaneous significance).

Adam Z, Řehák Z, Krejčí M, et al.

Klinicka onkologie : casopis Ceske a Slovenske onkologicke spolecnosti 2026; (39(1)):10-30 doi:10.48095/ccko202610.

Dermato-Neuro Syndrome After Intravenous Immunoglobulin Infusion: Case Report.

Kassalow B, Kazmi S, Shukri S, London ZN

Reports (MDPI) 2026; (9(2)) doi:10.3390/reports9020148.

Histopathologic Spectrum of Scleromyxedema: Classic and Granulomatous Patterns With Emphasis on Eosinophilic Infiltrates and Eccrine Gland Proliferation as Diagnostic Masqueraders.

Caputo V, Stabile G, Guida S, et al.

The American Journal of dermatopathology 2026; (48(7)):493-499 doi:10.1097/DAD.0000000000003211.